President Lincoln called for 75,000 troops from loyal states after the attack on Fort Sumter. Several states refused and seceded from the Union, joining the Confederacy. The border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland faced internal divisions, with some supporting the Union and others the Confederacy. While the North had advantages in population and industry, the South had military experience and would be fighting on home territory. The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major land battle, resulting in a Confederate victory that shocked the North and ended any idea of a quick victory.

1. The Civil War

2. The Call to Arms
 President Lincoln
 Declared rebellion existed in South, after Fort Sumter attack
 Asked for 75,000 troops
 Many states begged to send more
 More States Secede
 Tennessee, Kentucky, & Missouri
 Refused to send troops
 Maryland & Delaware did not respond to call for troops
 Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, & North Carolina left the
Union
 Western counties of Virginia refused to secede & were admitted into
Union as state of West Virginia

3. The Border States
 Delaware
 Strong support for Union
 Kentucky, Missouri, & Maryland
 supported the South
 Control of Ohio river & protecting Washington was part of these states
 Kentucky
 Declared itself neutral
 Union did not invade Kentucky
 Confederates invaded in September 1861
 W/ move Kentucky decided to support Union
 Missouri & Maryland
 Lincoln used force to hold states in Union
 Troops were sent in Missouri to break up fighting between Southern
supporters & Union supporters
 Maryland placed under martial law when Southern supporters
destroyed railroad & telegraph lines

4. North Against South
 Southern Advantages:
 Outnumbered, but had military advantages
 Northern armies would have to invade & conquer South
 Would be fighting on their own territory
 Had most experienced military officers
 Albert Johnston, Joseph Johnston, & Robert E. Lee
 Northern Advantages:
 Had more factories for producing supplies
 Twice as much railroad track & farmland
 Population advantage
 Able to field, feed, & equip larger armies

5. The Two Sides Plan Strategies
 North:
 Win a quick victory
 Naval blockade on Southern seaports
 Block supply of manufactured goods & overseas sales of
cotton
 Gain control of Mississippi River
 South:
 Did not need to invade the North
 Defend their land until Northerners got tired of fighting
 Sought aid from Britain & other European nations
 British need for cotton would force support towards South

6. Americans Against Americans
 Civil War
 War between Americans
 Families spilt apart: brothers against brothers, father against
son
 Mary Lincoln
 4 brothers who fought for Confederacy
 Soldiers came from many backgrounds
 Farmers, immigrants, etc.
 Most of men between 18-45 years old, some as young as
14

7. First Battle of Bull Run
 Union
 Led by General Irvin McDowell
 30,000 men (not very well prepared for battle)
 Confederates
 Led by General Thomas Jackson
 30,000 men
 Hundreds of people came from Washington to watch the
battle
 Armies clashed along Bull Run River
 Northern armies pushed forward at first
 Southern army rallied & poorly trained Union army began to
panic & fled back to Washington

8. A Soldier’s Life
 ¾ of time spent in camp, not fighting
 Trained for 10 hours per day
 Rest of time they stood guard, wrote home, & gathered
firewood
 Harsh Conditions
 Camp conditions were miserable
 Lack of clean water
 Diseases swept through camps
 Prisoners of War
 Prison camps were built by both sides
 were overcrowded & became deathtraps
 10% of those who died during the war, died in prison camps