1. GPRS
GENERAL RADIO PACKET
SERVICE
PERSENTATION
BY
SUMIT SINGH
B.E 2nd YEAR CSE

2.  General Packet Radio Service is a radio technology for
GSM networks that adds packet-switching protocols,
shorter set-up time for ISP(Internet service protocol)
connections, and offer the possibility to charge by amount
of data sent rather than connect time.
 GPRS promises to support flexible data transmission rates
typically up to 20 or 30 Kbps (with a theoretical maximum
of 171.2 Kbps), as well as continuous connection to the
network.
 A 2.5G enhancement to GSM, GPRS is the most significant
step towards 3G, needing similar business model, and
service and network architectures.

3. Introduction (1/3)
 The General Packet Radio System (GPRS) is a new
service that provides actual packet radio access for
mobile Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
and time-division multiple access (TDMA) users.
 The main benefits of GPRS are that it reserves radio
resources only when there is data to send and it reduces
reliance on traditional circuit-switched network
elements.
 The increased functionality of GPRS will decrease the
incremental cost to provide data services, an occurrence
that will, in turn, increase the penetration of data
services among consumer and business users.

4. Introduction (2/3)
 In addition, GPRS will allow improved quality of data
services as measured in terms of reliability, response
time, and features supported.
 The unique applications that will be developed with
GPRS will appeal to a broad base of mobile subscribers
and allow operators to differentiate their services. These
new services will increase capacity requirements on the
radio and base-station subsystem resources.
 One method GPRS uses to alleviate the capacity impacts
is sharing the same radio resource among all mobile
stations in a cell, providing effective use of the scarce
resources.

5. Introduction (3/3)
 In addition to providing new services for today's mobile
user, GPRS is important as a migration step toward third-
generation (3G) networks.
 GPRS will allow network operators to implement an IP-
based core architecture for data applications, which will
continue to be used and expanded upon for 3G services
for integrated voice and data applications.
 In addition, GPRS will prove a testing and development
area for new services and applications, which will also be
used in the development of 3G services.

6. How GPRS works (1/2)
 To lessen the impact of the delay in implementing 3rd
generation wireless systems, General Packet Radio
Service (GPRS) is being introduced as an intermediate
step to efficiently transport high-speed data over the
current Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) and TDMA-based wireless network
infrastructures.
 GPRS signaling and data traffic do not travel through the
GSM network. The GSM network is only used for table
look up, in the Location Register data bases, to obtain
GPRS user profile data. GPRS uses 1 to 8 radio channel
timeslots which can be shared by multiple users.

7. How GPRS works (2/2)
 It packetizes the user data and transports it over Public Land Mobile
Networks (PLMN) using an IP backbone. From there, it interfaces to
other Public Data Networks (PDNs), including the Internet.
 As a result, GPRS has the ability to offer speeds of 14,400 bps to
115,000 bps, which allow for comfortable Internet access using
wireless devices. Because GPRS has a range of supported
bandwidths, it allows for short "bursty" traffic, such as e-mail and
web browsing, as well as large volumes of data. In addition, because
GPRS supports Quality of Service, service providers can offer
selective services to users.
 Finally, because GPRS has fast connection setup, the user has the
perception of being "always on" for continuous operation.

8. Network Elements in GPRS
 Intra-PLMN backbone: an IP based network inter-
connecting all the GPRS elements
 Charging Gateway (CG)
 Legal Interception Gateway (LIG)
 Domain Name System (DNS)
 Firewalls: Used for security reasons wherever a
connection to an external network is required.

9. GPRS Network
Internet
GSM Network
With GPRS
Capability
MS X.25 Network

10. GPRS Architecture
PSTN MSC Intranet
GPRS GGSN
BSC PCU Network
SGSN
GGSN
MS Internet
Radius Charging WAP
Server Gateway Server
Mediation
Billing

11. GPRS Components
 To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDN
and the wireless networks (GSM or TDMA), two
new major components are required.
 These components are called GPRS Support
Nodes.
 There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes
1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

12. GPRS Architecture

13. Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN)
 Service access point for the mobile station
 Main functions
 Mobility management
 Registration
 Authentication

14. Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN)
 Interacts with the mobile for
 packet data flow
 And related functions like compression and
ciphering
 Protocols like SNDCP(Sub-network dependent
convergence protocol) and LLC(logical link
control)
 GTP(Gateway tunneling protocol for GTP
tunneling to other support nodes

15. Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN)
 An SGSN delivers packets to mobile stations
within its service area. SGSNs send queries to
Home Location Registers (HLRs) to obtain
profile data of GPRS subscribers.
 SGSNs detect new GPRS mobile stations in a
given service area; and, finally, SGSNs process
registration of new mobile subscribers and keep
a record of their location inside a given service
area.

16. Gateway GPRS Support Node
(GGSN)
 GGSN connected to SGSN on one side and to
outside world external networks such as Internet
and X.25
 A gateway it functions as a wall for these
external networks to protect the GPRS network
 Data form external network, after verification of
address forwarded to the SGSN
 Routes packets received from the mobile to the
correct network. Acts as a router

17. Gateway GPRS Support Node
(GGSN)
 GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs.
GGSNs maintain routing information that is
necessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units
(PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particular
mobile stations.
 Other functions include network and subscriber
screening and address mapping. One or more
GGSNs may support multiple SGSNs.

18. GPRS Network Enhancements
 In addition to the new GPRS
components, existing GSM and TDMA network
elements must also be enhanced in order to
support GPRS.
 The following two pieces of equipment must be
enhanced:
 Base Station System (BSS): must be enhanced to
recognize and send user data to the SGSN that is
serving the area.
 Home Location Register (HLR): must be enhanced to
register GPRS user profiles and respond to queries
originating from SGSNs regarding these profiles.

19. Border Gateway
 Interconnects different
GPRS operators’ backbones
 Facilitates GPRS roaming
 Uses standard IP router
technology

20. Legal Interception Gateway
 For use of the legal authorities
 Subscriber data and signaling
can be intercepted

21. Use of IP In GPRS

22. Domain Name System
 Translation of the IP host
names to IP addresses
 SGSN uses DNS to get GGSN
and SGSN IP addresses

23. Packet Control Unit
 New card implanted in the BSC to
manage GPRS traffic
 Limitation in terms of the number
of transceivers and base stations
it can handle

24. GPRS Mobile Station
 Able to handle packet data
 Three classes
 Class A: connected to both GSM and
GPRS networks and can use them
simultaneously
 Class B: Connected to both the
networks, but can use only one at a time
 Class C: can be connected to either one
of the networks

25. Interfaces in the GPRS
network
 New interfaces. All of them known as
G interfaces
 Gb: BSS and SGSN carries traffic and
signaling information between BSS of
GSM and GPRS
 Gn: SGSN and SGSN/GGSN of same
network. Data and signaling of for
intra-system functioning

26. Interfaces in the GPRS
network
 Gd: SMS-GSMC/SMS-IWMSC and
SGSN for better use of SMS services
 Gp: between SGSN and GGSN of
other public land mobile networks.
Interface between two GPRS
networks. Security and routing

27. Interfaces in the GPRS
network
 Gs: SGSN and MSC/VLR. Location
data handling and paging requests
through the MSC.
 Gr: SGSN and HLR. Subscriber data
can be accessed by the SGSN from
the HLR

28. Interfaces in the GPRS
network
 Gf: SGSN and EIR. Equipment
information in EIR to SGSN
 Gi: GGSN and external networks. Not
a standard interface. Depends on the
type of network that is being
connected to the GPRS network

29. Logical channels
 PBCCH: Packet Broadcast Control
Channel(DL)
 Broadcast system information specific to
packet data
 PCCCH; Packet Common Control Channel
 Contains logical channels for common control
signaling

30. Logical channels
 PDTCH: Packet Data Traffic Channel
 Channel temporarily used for data
transfer
 PACCH: Packet Associated Control
Channel
 Used for signaling information transfer
for a given mobile

31. Logical channels
 PAGCH: Packet Access Grant
Channel(DL)
 Notifies that mobile about resource
assignment before actual packet transfer
 PNCH: Packet Notification
Channel(DL)
 Used for sending information to multiple
mobile stations

32. Logical channels
 PPCH: Packet Paging Channel(DL)
 Pages a mobile station before packet transfer
begins
 PRACH: Packet random Access
Channel(UL)
 Used by the mobile station for initialization of
the uplink packet transfer

33. Coding Schemes
Coding schemes Data Rates Data Rates Kbps
Kbps (excl header)
CS1( half rate 9.05 8
covolution
coding for FEC)
CS2 13.4 12
CS3 15.6 14.4
CS4 ( no 21.4 20
coding)

34. Radio Resource and mobility
Management
 GSM
 Idle
 Dedicated
 GPRS
 Idle
 Standby
 Ready

35. Key drivers for operators
 Increased revenues by moving in to the
mobile data market
 Gain new subscribers requiring the data
services without investing in to PCs to gain
internet access
 Retain current subscribers by offering new
services
 Reduce costs due to efficient use of
network resources
 Easier migration to 3G

36. Evolution from GSM to 3G
3G
EDGE
GPRS
2.5G
HSCSD
GSM
2G

37. EDGE
Enhanced Data for GSM
Evolution
 Next step towards 3G for GSM/GPRS Networks
 Increased data rate up to 384 Kbps by bundling up to 8
channels with 48 Kbps/channel
 GPRS is based on modulation technique known as GMSK
 EDGE is based on a new modulation scheme that allows
a much higher bit rate across the air-interface called
8PSK modulation.
 Since 8PSK will be used for UMTS, network operators
will be required to introduce this at some stage before
migration to 3G.

39. Wireless data communication
Key Technologies - GPRS
 Higher data transfer speeds
 Multislot MS and coding schemes
 Packet switched technology
 Radio interface (resource sharing)
 Core Network (IP based)
 Reused radio network (BTS and BSC)
 New core network and nodes (SGSN/GGSN)
 Always connected - always on-line

40. Connecting GPRS Nodes SMS Corporate
HLR GW-MSC
MSC/VLR
Gr External
BTS Gs Gd
BSC IP network
SS7
BTS Gi
Network
IP Network Router
Frame (shared
backbone) Gn
BTS Relay Gb
BSC Network Gi
Firewall
Network
Firewall
Router
BTS
External
Firewall IP network
Network Management and
GPRS Services LAN
Gp
Other
PLMNs
ISP/Internet

41. Serving GPRS Support Node – SGSN
 Ciphering, authentication
 Mobility management
 Session management
 Logical link management towards the MS
 Charging data
 Packet routing & transfer
 Connection - HLR, MSC, BSC and SMS-MSC
IP
Network
Gi (IP)
SGSN Gn
GGSN
MS

42. Gateway GPRS Support Node – GGSN
 External interfaces (Mobile IP applications, Internet/Intranets)
 Access functionality
 ‘Traditional’ gateway functionality
 Subscriber addresses publish
 Routing
IP
 Charging data Network
Gi (IP)
GGSN
MS

43. MULTIMEDIA MESSAGING OVERVIEW
43

44. WHAT IS MMS?
Person Person Content Person
Operator Operator
Information Entertainment
Personal Communication • News • Music
• Sending photos
• Sports • Quiz shows
• Greetings
• Weather • Comic strips
• Mobile postcards
• Stock updates
• Voice messages • Cartoons
• Travel
• Exchanging icons, …

45. Multimedia Messaging - Any
combination of media types
Music
Images
Graphics
Video
and
Audio

46. rich content to encourage usage
Cartoons, Dating, Pop stars, Sports stars, Pets,
Special occasions, Hobbies, Sports results, TV programmes,
News, Weather, Holidays, Timetables, Family...

47. Content & Application
Fun: Cartoon of the day, Cocktail recipes, Daily Horoscope,
Games: Puzzles & Riddles, Cute’n’clever, Friends, PopQuiz,
Photo & Film: Photo Gallery, Mobile Greeting Card,
Chat & date: Mobile Chat, Love Horoscope, Love Matcher
Music: Karaoke, Fan Packages, Hit Lists, Music News

48. The Greeting Card solution:
• Send Messages to your friends, family
and loved ones:
- Via the web to the mobile phone
• Ease of use– self instructing -Drag ‘n’ drop
• Animations, Sounds, Pictures & Text

49. Infra Soul Mobile Spirituality
Features :
 Product delivers Bhagavad-Gita
/Qur’an /Bible verse as MMS
 MMS Bhagavad-Gita /Qur’an /Bible
verse contains calligraphic
image, melody reading out the
verse, with the meaning and
necessary text supporting it
 One time subscriber registration
through the web

50. Content Based Conversion –
example
Different processing for text and drawing Naive
ï
Transcoding
Optimal
Adaptation
Maintain Text

51. Mobile Applications

52. Location Based Applications

53. Location Based Services
Positioning application
Where am I
Yellow Pages
Tracking
Fleet management
Brand Finder
Geo Coding, Content,
Application Integration
Positioning methods:
– Cell/Sector , Time of Arrival
-- Network Based AGPS
– Terminal Based EOTD

54. Horizontal accuracy of
location technologies
Urban
Technolog Rural Suburb Suburban
Rural Urban extrem Indoor User Comments
y Extreme an extreme
e
No change Cell shape and
unless there is possibility of incorrect
Cell ID
1-35 1-10 50m- 50m- a micro/ pico- sector decides
km 1-100 Km km 1-10 km 1km 1km cell accuracy
Cell ID Radial distance can be
and No change improved for range of
Timing unless there is 500m, incorrect sector
Advance 1-35 1-10 50m- 50m- a micro/ pico- may give possibility of
km 1-100 Km km 1-10 km 1km 1km cell error
Mobile needs to see at
EOTD least 3 base station or
50m- 50- 50- 100- Slight unavailable if 3 BTS
150m 50-150m 150m 100-250m 150m 300m degradation are not available
In-building
coverage by
GPS windows but
30- 50- not deep
10m 10m 20m 50-150m 100m 100m inside Urban canyon effect

55. Traffic Information
APPLICATION OVERVIEW
This service both collects and distributes traffic information.
Traffic information is very important need for city dwellers.
Systems can estimate traffic information by sampling
mobiles in automobiles on freeways anonymously to
determine average velocity of vehicles. If this is not possible
in locataion more static information can be collected from city
authorities. All this information is mapped and sent to mobile
users who request it.
• Stickiness : Daily traffic info. pushed during rush
hours via SMS/MMS
• Most people need to know the current traffic sitution
on their route.
• Hosting: Operator / ISP
• WAP/Web/MMS/SMS:

56. Positioning based
information, adve
rtisements...
Telecom & backhand IT
infrastructure makes it possible!
All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are of respective holders

57. Telemetery
 Use of Computers in combination with
telecommunication systems
 Positioning system and wireless link to deliver
two way information

58. Application examples of
telemetry
Convergence put to use !
Billboard Remote management Vending Machines
• Download advertise- • storage tanks
ment messages • irrigation systems
All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are of respective holders

59. Vertical applications
Its all about Imagination……...
M2M –
Operations Automation Services M2M – Vehicle
 Dispatch • Vending • Alarm & • Vehicle tracking
operations machines supervision • Electronic maps
interconnected:
 Taxi • Lottery • Point of sales • Traffic
 Field services machines • Telemetry telematics
 Parcel services • Automatic ticket
• Financial • Car tolls
 Emergency machines services
services

60. New
applications
Help! I’m almost out
of coke bottles…….
I don’t need wires
to connect anymore

61. Who are your customers?
age/status?
attitude?
culture?
interests?
financial situation?
location?
time?
behaviour/mood?