This is an introductory presentation used for training and building awareness towards Solar energy technologies , their uses, comparisons and day to day applications. This presentation is accompanied with a large no. of interactive video tutorials (not included here due to size constraints) to complete the understanding and to make the sessions lively. Contact me on sumitmathur80@gmail.com to know more.
6. SUN is INDEED the Primary Source of all energy
Oxygen
Plants Photosynthesis Bio Fuels
Food Biomass
Food Fossil fuels
Fossil Fuels
Animals Biomass
Bio fuels
Piezo -Electric
Energy
Energy = Heat &
Light Hydro Power
Sun
Water Bodies Tidal Energy
Ocean Thermal
Energy
Direct radiation
Wind Energy
Earth Volcanic Eruptions Heat
Geo Thermal
Energy
Earthquakes
Nuclear Energy
Please note that there may be overlaps in the secondary and tertiary sources of energy
7. What is Solar Energy?
• Originates with the
thermonuclear fusion
reactions occurring in the
sun.
• Represents the entire
electromagnetic radiation
(visible light, infrared,
ultraviolet, x-rays, and
radio waves).
8. How much solar energy do we get ?
The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that
reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.
9. World DNI Radiation Data
Saudi Arabia is amongst the highest solar
radiation receiving regions in the world
10. Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Energy
• Advantages
• All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the
thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only
pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
• Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By some estimates, 30
days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of
the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!
• Disadvantages
• Sun does not shine consistently.
• Solar energy is a diffused source. To harness it, we must
concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as
heat and electricity.
• Addressed by approaching the problem through:
1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.
11. So How Can We Utilize The Immense Power Of The Sun?
• Getting electricity from Sun
– Photo Voltaic (PV) Technologies
• Direct conversion of sun’s energy to electricity (DC)
• Easy to design and set up / construct
– PV cells are put together in series and parallel combinations to form modules. Sets of modules in form arrays.
Strings of arrays are set up to get desired EMF & current.
• Generate power only during ‘Day Hours’
– Need battery banks to be charged for usage in night hours
• Getting heat from Sun and utilizing as thermal or electrical power
– Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Technologies (also called Solar Thermal Tech.)
• Utilization of heat in Sun’s energy for Heating/Cooling applications and Electricity
generation.
– Focus sun’s rays using mirrors to a specific point for raising temp of working fluid, which may be used for
generation of HP steam or for heating air/gases/other fluids
• More complex than PV technology
– Thermal to electric conversion very similar to Coal/Oil/Gas based generation
• Can generate electricity 24hrs using energy storage technologies
12. Photovoltaic Technologies
• Photo Voltaic (PV)
– Crystalline Silicon : Oldest, tried &
tested
• Mono Silicon : Conversion efficiency
18 - 22%
• Poly Silicon : Conversion Efficiency
15-17%
– Thin Films : Relatively new
• Conversion Efficiency 8-12% Mono Crystalline Silicon Poly Crystalline Silicon
PV module PV module
– Concentrated PV : Very recent
• Conversion Efficiency 30 - 40% (lab
scale proven upto 70%)
*Conversion efficiencies vary between technologies and
even within same technology based on design, location
and environment.
**Use of sun-tracking mechanism increases conversion
efficiency by almost 10-15%
Thin Film Concentrated
PV Cells PV module
13. Concentrating Solar Power Technologies
• CSP ( Conversion efficiency
usually upwards of 25% up
to 55% or higher)
– Parabolic Trough
– Linear Fresnel
– Power Tower Parabolic Trough CSP Linear Fresnel CSP
– Sterling Engine-Dish
*Conversion efficiencies vary between
technologies and even within same technology
based on design, location and environment.
**Use of sun-tracking mechanism increases
conversion efficiency .
Power Tower CSP Sterling Engine – Dish CSP
17. Solar PV manufacturing approaches
Cd Te = Cadmium Telluride; CIGS = Copper Indium Gallium (di) Selenide
18. World’s largest Solar PV Plants
DC peak PV power DC peak power
PV power Country Notes
Country power Notes station (MWp)
station
(MWp) Okhotnykovo Completed
Ukraine 80
Charanka Completed Solar Park 2011
India 214
Solar Park 2012 Phase II and III
Golmud Solar Completed completed
China 200 Solarpark
Park 2011 Germany 78 2011, another
Senftenberg
Sarnia 70 MW phase
Constructed planned
Photovoltaic
Canada 97 2009–
Power Lieberose
2010[33]
Plant[32] Photovoltaic Germany 71.8
Montalto di Park
Castro Rovigo Completed
Constructed
Photovoltaic Italy 84.2 Photovoltaic Italy 70 November
2009–2010
Power Power Plant 2010
Station Olmedilla Completed
Phase I Photovoltaic Spain 60 September
Finsterwalde completed Park 2008
Germany 80.7
Solar Park 2009, phase Strasskirchen
II and III 2010 Germany 54
Solar Park
Puertollano
Photovoltaic Spain 50 opened 2008
Park
28. World’s largest Solar CSP Plants
Capacity
Name Country Location Notes
(MW)
Solar Energy
Mojave Desert Collection of 9
354 Generating USA
California units
Systems
Solnova Solar Completed
150 Spain Seville
Power Station 2010
completed
Andasol solar 2011, with
150 Spain Granada
power station 7.5h thermal
energy storage
Torre de
Completed
Extresol Solar Miguel
100 Spain December
Power Station Sesmero
2010
(Badajoz)
Martin Next steam input
Generation into a
75 USA Florida
Solar Energy combined
Center cycle
Nevada Solar Boulder City,
64 USA
One Nevada
36. Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) plant (Kuraymat, Egypt)
• The project based on CSP
parabolic trough technology
integrated with combined cycle
power plant using natural gas
as a fuel
• The project is one of 3 similar
projects are being implemented
in Africa (Morocco, Algeria,
Egypt), which mainly depending
on integrating solar field with
combined cycle.
• The capacity of the project is
140 MW including solar share
of 20 MW.
• Total cost is 340 Million Dollar.
• The project was completed in
2011.
37. Energy Storage
• Molten Salts are used to store Solar energy by heating them to high temperatures. Salts are an effective
storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at
temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. Storage efficiency may range above 90%.
• Rechargeable batteries have been traditionally used in Off-grid PV systems to store excess electricity.
With grid-tied systems, excess electricity can be sent to the transmission grid. Net metering programs
give these systems a credit for the electricity they deliver to the grid. This credit offsets electricity
provided from the grid when the system cannot meet demand, effectively using the grid as a storage
mechanism.
• Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when surplus electricity is
available, from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when
demand is high by releasing the water: the pump becomes a turbine, and the motor a hydroelectric
power generator.
• Artificial photosynthesis involves the use of nanotechnology to store solar electromagnetic energy in
chemical bonds, by splitting water to produce hydrogen fuel or then combining with carbon dioxide to
make biopolymers such as methanol.
38. Land Use Comparison
Average, Maximum, and Minimum Land Use Efficiencies for Four Solar Technologies
Source: Renewable Energy in the California Desert; http://webservices.itcs.umich.edu/drupal/recd/?q=node/105
40. Applications of Solar Technologies
• Based on type of energy generated
– Power
– Heat
• Customer & Scale
– Utility
– Industrial
– Commercial
– Residential
41. Some Examples of Applications
• Utility
– Power Generation
– Water Desalination
– Water Filtration
• Industrial
– Hot Water/Steam
– HVAC
– Water Filtration & Desalination
– Water Pumping
– Mobile Phone Towers
– Remote applications (Process Instrumentation) etc
• Residential / Commercial
– Power for Home & office Electrical Systems
– Space Heating
– Cooling and Chilling
– Street Lighting
– Traffic Lights etc
67. Lets look out for and discuss opportunities for
introducing Solar Energy based Projects,
Applications and Solutions!!
Thank you
For any queries, please write to me on sumitmathur80@gmail.com
Interested to learn more. Read my blog: http://analyze-visualize.blogspot.in/