1. BUDGET, BUDGETING & BUDGETARY CONTROL Sujoy Kr Paul

2. BUDGET French word ‘bougette’ means leather pouch. In which funds are appropriated for meeting anticipated expenses. Monetary or quantitative expression of plan & policies of operations for specific future period, Targets to be achieved within a specific period,

3. definition “Budget is an estimate of future needs arranged according to an orderly basis, covering some or all of the activities of an enterprise for definite period of time”- GEORGE R. TERRY “a financial and /or quantitative statement, prepared prior to a defined period of time, of the policy to be pursued during that period for the purpose of a given objective”-ICMA

4. BUDGETING Process of preparing budgets, Study of business situations, Understanding the management objectives, Understanding the capacity of enterprise. “ The entire process of preparing the budgets is known as budgeting”-BATTY “Budgeting may be said to be the act of building budgets”-ROLAND & HARR

5. Budgetary control “Budgetary control is a system of controlling costs which includes preparation of budgets, coordinating the department, establishing responsibilities, comparing actual performance with the budgeted, and acting upon the results to achieve maximum profitability”-BROWN & HOWARD

6. ICMA defines “ The establishment of budgets, relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirements of a policy, and the continuous comparison of the actual with the budgeted results either to secure by individual action the objectives of the policy or to provide a basis for its revision”

7. characteristics Establishment Coordination Continuous comparison revision

8. Objectives Planning Coordination Efficiency & Economy Increase in profitability Anticipation of future capital expenditure, Control Deviations

9. Advantages Economy in working Buck –passing avoided, Establishes coordination, Guard against undue optimism, Acts as a safety signal, Adoption of uniform policy, Decrease in production costs, Adoption of standard costing principles, Management by exception, Optimum mix

10. LIMITATIONS Opposition against the very spirit of budgeting, Budgeting & Changing economy Time factor, Not a substitute for the management, Cooperation & coordination required, Revision required, Uncertainty of futures Depends upon the support level of management, Budgetary revision required