2. An Introduction:-
Due to the continuing evolvement of the
translation industry there are now certain
terms used to define specialist
translations.
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
3. • Literal translation, also known in
everyday usage as direct translation,
denotes the rendering of text from one
language to another “word for word”
(Latin: “verbum pro verbo” rather than
conveying the sense of the original.
However, in translation studies, literal
translation denotes technical translation
of scientific, technical, technological or
legal texts.
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
4. Literal translations are sometimes prepared
for a writer who is translating a work written in
a language he does not know. For example
Richard Pevear worked from literal
translations provided by his wife, Larissa
Volokhonsky, in their translations of several
Russian novels.
Literal translation can also denote a
translation that represents the precise
meaning of the original text but does not
attempt to convey its style, beauty, or poetry.
There is, however, a great deal of difference
between a literal translation of a poetic work
and a prose translation. A literal translation of
poetry may be in prose rather than verse, but
also be error free.
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
5. • Faithful Translation: It attempts to
reproduce the precise contextual
meaning of the original within the
constraints of the TL grammatical
structures. It transfers cultural words and
preserves the degree of grammatical and
lexical deviation from SL norms. It
attempts to be completely faithful to the
intentions and the text-realization of the
SL writer.
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
6. • Communicative and Semantic translation:-
Semantic translation [ST] is personal and
individual, follows the thought processes of
the author, tends to over translate, pursues
nuances of meaning, yet aims at concision in
order to reproduce pragmatic impact.
Communicative translation [CT] is social,
concentrates on the message and the main
force of the text, tends to under translate, to
be simple, clear and brief, and always written
in natural and resourceful style. A ST is
normally inferior to its original, as there is
both cognitive and pragmatic loss.
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
7. CT attempts to render the exact contextual
meaning of the original in such a way that
both content and language are readily
acceptable and comprehensible to the
readership.
Only ST and CT fulfill the two main aims
of translation, which are first, accuracy,
and second, economy.
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
8. • Idiomatic translation that conveys the
meaning of the original, or source text, by
using equivalent language and the forms
and structures of the target language, in
order to produce a translation that reads
that has the meaning by preferring
colloquialisms and idiom
e.g. He did not left a finger.
ساكنا يحرك لم
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
9. • adapative translation: this is the freest form of
translation mainly used for plays and poetry
e.g. o rose ,thou art sick!
The inevasible worm
Flies in the night , that
In the howling storm,
*عليلةياوردتي
*التي الخفية فالدودة
*الليالي في تحوم
*الذي فراشك على عثرت قد
*الوردية أفراحه تحوطه
*والعميق الدفين عشقها لكن
Translation by Dr. Mohammad Anani. *الرحيق كيانك من يمتص
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
10. • A free translation is a translation that
reproduces the general meaning of the
original text. it may or may not closely
follow the form or organization of the
original. Usually it is a paraphrase
e.g. you are a bigmouth.
األمانة خنت أنت
S.S.Salem, M.S.Alsubaie & F.Y.Almuntashri. 2010
