1. The Verb Phrase By Aziza Saiaf Al-Shahrani ID: 0879206 Syntax 334 Lane Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

2. The verb phrase :✿ The verb phrase may consist of the main verb, and auxiliary verb, plus optional complements, and other modifiers..✿ The material of verb phrase ( VP ) depends on the type or CLASS of verb used ..✿We have six classes of verb :-TRANSITIVE , INTRASITIVE , DITRANSITIVE , INTINSIVE , COMPLEX-TRANSTIVE , PREPOSITIONAL .. Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

3. The rules: VP transitive verb + d O d O NP ************************************************* VP intransitive verb ************************************************* VP ditransitive verb + iO + dO iO NP dO NP OR Vp ditransitive verb + dO + iO dO NP iO NP Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

4. VP intensive verb + sC sC NP or PP or AdjP ************************************************* VP complex-transitive verb + dO + oC dO NP oC NP or PP or AdjP ************************************************* VP prepositional verb + pO pO PP ************************************************* Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

5. : Intransitive Verb On the other hand, an intransitive verb cannot take a direct object.. The rule : VP intransitive verb Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

6. e.g. Sara moved . S NP VP Pro V [intrans] Sara moved S P Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

7. Intensive Verb : Intensive verbs are commonly known as linking verbs, or copular verbs like: be, seem, smell, become, taste, sound, appear, look and so on . They have the following structure :- Subject + Linking Verb + Subject Complement. The rule : VP intensive verb + sC sC NP or PP or AdjP Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

8. e.g. Sara is a teacher . S NP VP N V NP [intens] DET N teachera Sara is S P sC _____________________________________________ e.g. Sara is a teacher . >>sC NP Sara is in the class . >> sC PP e.g. AdjPe.g. Sara seems unhappy . >>sC Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

9. Transitive Verb : The meaning of a transitive verb is incomplete without a direct object.. The rule : VP transitive verb + dO dONP Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

10. e.g. Sara ate the apple . S NP VP N V NP [trans] DET N Sara ate the apple S P dO Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

11. Ditransitive Verb : Ditransitive verb requires both a direct object (dO) and indirect object (iO).. The rule : VP ditransitive verb + iO + dO iO NP dO NP OR ditransitive verb + dO + iOVP NPdO NPiO Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

12. e.g. Sara gave Hind the cake . S NP VP N V NP NP [ditrans] N DET N Sara gave Hind the cack S P iOdO Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

13. e.g. Sara gave the cake to Hind . S NP VP N V NP PP [ditrans] DET N P NP N Sara gave the cake to Hind S P dOiO Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

14. Complex-transitive Verb : A verb that takes a direct object (dO) plus an object complement ( oC ).. The rule : VP complex-transitive verb + dO + oC NPdO oC NP or PP or AdjP Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

15. e.g. Sara thought Hind a fool . S NP VP N V NP NP [complex] N DET N Sara thought Hind a fool S P dOoC ________________________________________ e.g. Sara thought Hind a fool . >>oC NP Sara put the book on the desk.>> oC PP e.g. AdjPe.g. Sara made Hind angry . >>oC Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

16. Prepositional Verb : Prepositional verbs are made of: verb + preposition Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects. So all prepositional verbs are transitive. Also, the object must come after the preposition. ✿ e.g. believe in , look after, talk about, wait for. The rule : VP prepositional verb + pO pO PP Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

17. e.g. The children glanced at the picture. S NP VP DET N V PP [complex] P NP DET N The children glanced at the picture S P pO Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

18. Imperative : The imperative mood is used to give orders , commands , and instructions. The form used is usually the same as the base form. Sentences in the imperative may omit the subject NP .. Open the booke.g. S VP V NP [trans] N DET Open the door P dO Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani

19. Aziza Saiaf AL-Shahrani Thank You (◡‿◡✿)