Global Warming: GM Trees
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Presentation for Introduction to Gene Cell. (Year 4 Term 1)
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Global Warming: GM Trees
- 2. GM Trees Climate Change and its methods Our Thoughts Agenda Stakeholders Concerns Promises
- 4. The Effects
- 5. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- 6. “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at levels that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”
- 9. Participation in the Kyoto Protocol Signed and Ratified Signed (and hope to ratify) Signed but Not Ratified
- 10. Going Beyond
- 12. CO 2
- 13. 80%
- 14. 420,000
- 15. World Carbon Dioxide Emissions 10,000 7,500 Million Metric Tons Projected 5,000 2,500 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 EE/FSU Developing Countries Indistrialized Countries Total Source: Dept. of Energy, USA
- 16. Oceans are the Forests are the second largest. world’s largest carbon sinks.
- 17. 1 = 150-200 2 acre Tons of CO (every 40 years)
- 18. More Trees
- 19. Please
- 21. The Origins Mid-18th century in Europe Supported by pulp & paper industry First trial was in 1988 Government + Private Industry
- 23. Conventional GM Tree Tree
- 24. The Process Identify and isolate gene Insert new gene into plant cell Field Testing Conduct tests Link transgene to other DNA Grow multiple generations Grow plant from the cell
- 25. Vector Technique
- 26. Electroporation Increase permeability of the cell plasma Pores are then formed across a plasma membrane Exact voltage is crucial Inserting foreign genes in tissue cultures
- 28. Regulations in the U.S. 1986 Coordinated Framework for APHIS the Regulation of Biotechnology (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) 1992 Policy on Planned USDA Introductions of Biotechnology (U.S. Department of Agriculture) Products into the Environment
- 29. Regulations in the U.S. “no significant or unreasonable adverse risks”
- 30. Regulations outside the U.S. Canadian Food Inspection Agency Canadian Forest Service Permits only if there is zero risk Plant Protection Act Risk Scale to the Assessment environment Seed Act Low High Degree of Regulation
- 31. Forest Biotech Industry Companies General The Governments Public Stakeholders Environmental Regulatory Groups & Agencies Activists
- 32. Rapid Bio-diversity & Growth Conservation Reduce Pressure Promises Desired Traits on Native Forests of GM Trees Economic & Clean Pollutants Financial and Toxins Benefits
- 33. 3x faster growth
- 35. “all of the world’s timber production could potentially be produced on an area roughly five to ten percent of the total forest today”
- 36. American Chestnut Tree, almost became extinct
- 37. Silviculture Adaptability Wood Quality Growth Rate Drought Tolerance Wood Density Nutrient Uptake Cold Tolerance Lignin Reduction Crown/Stem Insect Resistance Lignin Extraction Flowering Control Fungal Resistance Juvenile Fiber Herbicide Branching
- 38. 80 Hg 200.59
- 39. 10x compared to natural trees
- 40. Biotech Innovations Cost Savings Wood density gene Improved lumber strength Reduce herbicide and weeding Herbicide tolerance gene costs by 45% Reduce digester cost by Improve tree fiber $10 per cubic meter. Increase value by $15 per cubic Reduce juvenile wood meter. More usable wood. Reduce pulping costs of Reduce lignin $15 by cubic meter.
- 41. 36% increase in demand for wood
- 42. Low-lignin Gene Escape Trees Concerns Monetary Pest “Control” of GM Trees Social Sterility
- 44. Low lignin ain’t that good after all...
- 47. ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT
- 48. ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT
- 49. Climate Change is a ticking time bomb
- 51. Plant More Trees
- 54. Regulations
- 58. Old Habits + New Technology = Altered Consequences
- 59. New Habits + New Technology = Positive Consequences
- 61. Projections of Surface Temperature
- 62. Changes in Carbon Dioxide and Temperature
- 63. Changes in Carbon Dioxide and Temperature