1. CHAPTER 7
PROBABILITY I
Lydia Twin
Nor Izzati
Nashasha Nabila
Saidatuna Miftahul
Jannah

2. Subtopic
7.1 Concept of sample space
7.2 Concept of events
7.3 Use the concept of probability of an event to
solve problems

3. 7.1 The Concept Of Sample Space
Learning Outcomes:
• Determine whether an outcome is a possible outcome
of an experiment
• List all the possible outcomes of an experiment
– From activities;
– By reasoning
• Determine the sample space of an experiment
• Write the sample space by using set notation

5. Learning outcome 1
a) Determine whether an outcome is a possible
outcome of an experiment
Example 1:
Determine whether the following are the
possible outcome when tossing a 10 sen and 50
sen coin
Case 1: Tossing a 10 sen coin
I) A symbol of 10 sen
II) A picture of a wau
III) A symbol of 50 sen
IV) A picture of congkak

6. Cont…
Case 2: Tossing a 50 sen coin
I) A symbol of 20 sen
II) A picture of a wau
III) A picture of congkak
IV) A symbol of 50 sen

7. TRY THIS:
A pouch contains orange, green, yellow and
white coloured chips. If a chip is taken out at
random, determine whether the following
outcomes are possible.
a) Getting a red chip
b) Getting a green chip
c) Getting a orange chip
d) Getting a blue chip
e) Getting a yellow chip

8. Learning outcome 2
b) Determine the possible outcomes of an
experiment
 From activities
 By reason
Example 2:
A card is drawn from a set of cards written the
letters R,E,S,P,E,C and T. Write down all the
possible outcomes by reasoning.
R E S P E C T

9. ACTIVITY!!
• Take out a coloured love paper from a small box that
containing 3 red, 4 blue and 2 green love papers.
– Use Tree Diagram, write down all the possible
outcomes if 2 coloured love papers are taken out
randomly.

10. Learning outcome 3
c) Determine the sample space of an experiment and write it
by set notation
Set of possible outcomes, S={ }
Sample Space, S={ }
Example 3:
State the sample space by using set notation when
i) a dice is rolled.
ii) Two die are rolled
iii) Two cards are picked randomly, one at the time, from three
cards labelled with 1,2 and 3. Write the possible outcomes
if:-
1. Without returning the first card.
2. Returning the first card after it is drawn

11. Solutions to
Examples

12. Example 1
Question: Answer
Case 1:
Tossing a 10 sen Possible outcomes
I) A symbol of 10 sen I) Possible
--> II) Not Possible
II) A picture of a wau --> III) Not Possible
III) A symbol of 50 sen -- IV) Possible
>
IV) A picture of congkak -->

13. Example 1
Question: Answer
Case 2:
Tossing a 50 sen Possible outcomes
I) A symbol of 20 sen I) Not Possible
--> II) Possible
II) A picture of a wau --> III) Not Possible
III) A picture of congkak --> IV) Possible
IV) A symbol of 50 sen --
>

14. TRY THIS:
A pouch contains orange, green, yellow and
white coloured chips. If a chip is taken out at
random, determine whether the following
outcomes are possible.
a) Getting a red chip  Not Possible
b) Getting a green chip  Possible
c) Getting a orange chip  Possible
d) Getting a blue chip  Not Possible
e) Getting a yellow chip  Possible

15. Example 2
Question:
A card is drawn from a set of cards written the
letters R,E,S,P,E,C and T. Write down all the
possible outcomes by reasoning.
R E S P E C T
Answer:
Possible outcomes: R, E, S, P, C, T
Why? Since we have 2 cards of letter E, we just
take one of them.

16. Example 3
Answer:
i) A dice is rolled
S= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
ii) Two die are rolled
S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),
(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6), (5,
1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
iii) 1. Without returning the first card
S={(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2)}
2. Returning the first card after it is drawn
S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3)}

18. Is one or more outcomes of the
experiment that satisfy certain conditions.
A subset of the sample space

19. 7.2a Identify the elements of a sample
space which satisfy given conditions
EXAMPLE: A box has 6 yellow marbles
and 4 green marbles. If two marbles are
picked, write down the elements of sample
space

20. SOLUTION
S = { GY , YG}
Where, G – green
Y – yellow

21. 7.2b Elements of a sample space which satisfy
certain conditions using set notation
Example:
Given element of sample space,
S = (1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3)
Written using set notation,
P = { (1,1) , (2,2) , (3,3) }
P is a subset of S

22. 7.2c Determine whether an event is
possible for a sample space
I) Event P is the event of getting number 4
= possible
ii) Event Q is the event of getting blue card
of number 3 = impossible
iii) Event R is the event of getting yellow
card of number 1 = possible

23. Mathematics is FUN!=)

24. Find the ratio of the number of
times an event occurs to the
numbers of trials.
Probability of an event A is :

P(A)=Number of times event A occur
Numbers of trial

25. Therefore, for all the
event, 0≤P(A)≥1

26. 7.3b. Find the probability of an event from a big
enough numbers of trials.
solve
By using the given formula in above, this questions.
Type of softball Swimmin Badminto Squash
game g n
Number 550 250 350 150
of student
Find the probability that the selected student likes.
a) Softball b) badminton
TRY IT !! =)

27. SOLUTIONS,,,,,

a)P(selected student likes softball)
b) P(selected student like badminton)

28. 7.3c. Find expected number of times an event will
occur, given the probability of the event and number
of trials
At previous section, you have know that the probability of the event A
Is:
P(A)= Number of times event A occur
Number of trials
So, if we are given the probability of the event and the number of trials,
we can find the number of times an event will occur which is:
Number of times an event A occur = P(A)X Number of trials.

29. TRY THIS….
The probability to get red marble in a box is 0,8.
If there is 200 marble inside the box,
What is the number of red marble .
Number of red
marble
= P(A) x number of
marble
=0.8 x200
=160 Help me solve this
problem…..

30. 7.3d Solve problems involving
probability

 Probability also being apply in real life problem.
 You can use the previous learning to solve the
problem.

31. TRY THIS PROBLEM…
 of school transport by
 A survey is made on the mean
student in SMK Jasa Murni.The data obtained is
shown in the table below.
Means of School bus bicycle Other means
transport
Number of 700 200 200
student
If a student from a school is randomly picked, what is the probability
that the student goes to school by:
a) School bus
b) Bicycle
c) Other mean of transport.

32. SoLuTiOns:

Total student= 700 +200 +200
=1100
a)P(By school bus)
=700/1100
=7/11 b)P(by bicycle)
=0.64 =200/1100
=2/11 c)P(by others )
=0.18 =200/1100
=2/11
=0.18

33. END
…
Good luck everyone