1. California Gold Rush, 1849

2. GOLD ! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

5. Routes to the Gold

7. GOLD

9. STEPHEN DOUGLAS Senator from Illinois Three major points 1. California Free State 2. Utah and New Mexico Popular Sovereignty 3. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

12. America in the 1850s Neither was to obtain exclusive control over any canal across the Central American Isthmus All such communications by canal or railway were to be neutral The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty USA and Great Britain, 1850

13. End of the Whigs In its 26-year existence, the Whigs elected two of its candidates to the presidency—Harrison and Taylor—both died in office. Four months after succeeding Harrison, President John Tyler was expelled from the Party Millard Fillmore, Taylor's VP, was the last Whig to hold the office.

18. Gadsden Purchase —1853

24. Popular Sovereignty People in a territory vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.

28. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

32. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

36. Panic of 1857

38. All but one of NY' s 58 banks suspended activity until Dec US economy had accelerated inflation following CA gold discoveries Panic put nearly half of Wall Street's brokers out of business

39. REPUBLICAN PARTY Formed to stop the expansion of slavery Free Soil Party against the expansion of slavery Democrats opposed the expansion of slavery Abolitionists Know Nothing Party against immigration

40. Lincoln-Douglas Debates: Lincoln along with Steven Douglas became the leading spokespersons for the presidential election in 1860. LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES

47. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart

48. ELECTION OF 1860

53. Sumter one of two remaining federal strongholds in South Day after inauguration, Lincoln was notified fort supplies would soon run out; forced to surrender. Notified S. Carolina of an expedition to provision the garrison Ship carrying supplies sailed from NY; seen by SC as an act of aggression

54. April 12: Fort Sumter bombarded by more than 70 Confederate canons. No loss of life during bombardment; fort heavily damaged

58. " My paramount object is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery... If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that ." Abraham Lincoln 1862