Do you have a morbid dread of citing? Learn about APA, MLA, and Chicago through this ppt from St. Catherine University Library.

1. Citophobia
the morbid dread of citing and
bibliographies

2. Don’t be afraid to cite!
Citing made easy doable

3. Today we will…
 Introduce citation styles (APA, MLA,
Chicago)
 Introduce types of sources and where to
find citation information
 Go over the anatomy of a citation
 Discuss In-text Citations
 Answer specific citing questions

4. Types of Citation Styles
 APA
 MLA
 Chicago
 Others: CSE, Turabian, etc.

5. APA
 American Psychological Association
 The standard for publication in APA
journals
 Used as a standard for other
disciplines, such as the social sciences

6. MLA
 Modern Language Association
 The standard of publication for MLA and
other disciplines in the humanities

7. Chicago Manual of Style
 Used for publications across disciplines
 Has a Notes-Bibliography system (often
used for humanities and arts)
 And an Author-Date system (often used
for the sciences)

8. Types of Sources
 Books: Reference
books, encyclopedias, anthologies, books
by one or more authors
 Periodicals: scholarly
journals, magazines, newspapers, online
journals
 Websites: government or education
websites, commercial websites, nonprofit
websites
 Sources from subscription databases

9. Types of Sources: Books
 Section title and author (if available)
 Page numbers of section
 Author (or editor) or book
 Title page of book
 Verso title page

10. Types of Sources: Periodicals
 Article title and author (if available)
 Date of article (always year, sometimes
month and day)
 Title of publication
 Volume number and issue (if available)
 Access point if available through library
database; URL if available online

11. Types of Sources: Databases and E-books
 KNOW the database you used
 Name of database is sufficient (URL is not
needed)

12. Types of Sources: Websites
 Responsible party:
author, organization, university, governme
nt org, etc.
 Title of section consulted
 Name of website
 URL
 Date accessed (MLA)

13. APA: Periodical w/DOI
Simpson, A. (2007). The impact of team
processes on psychiatric case
management. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 60, 409-418. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04402.x

14. APA: Periodical w/o DOI
Sands, L., & Shaevitz, B. (2007). Kale in
every pot. Orion, 26(4), 12. Retrieved
from LexisNexis Academic database.

15. APA: Book
Kerrigan, W., & Braden, G. K., Jr. (1989).
The idea of progress (2nd ed.). Chicago:
Avalon Press.

16. APA: Website
Latex allergy. (2007, December 1).
Retrieved from http://mayoclinic.com

17. MLA: Periodical
Sousa, Valmi D, et al. "New measures of
diabetes self-care agency, diabetes self-
efficacy, and diabetes self-management
for insulin-treated individuals with type 2
diabetes." Journal of Clinical Nursing 18.9
(2009): 1305-1312. Academic Search
Premier. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010.

18. MLA: Book
Kerrigan, William, and Gordon Braden. The
Idea of the Renaissance. 2nd ed.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1989. Print.

19. MLA: Website
Maathai, Wangari. Nobel Lecture.
Nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation, 10 Dec.
2004. Web. 20 Apr. 2009.

20. In-Text Citations: Author-Date
 Help the reader find where you got the
information from
 Alphabetical
 Do the Works Cited list first

21. In-Text Citations: Author-Date
 Always use the FIRST thing in your
reference list
(this may be the author, title, website
organization or other)
 APA: use the YEAR
 For direct “quotes” use page numbers

22. In-text Citations: APA
 APA:
…shortened planting season (United
States Department of Agriculture, 2006).
 APA:
“…the American public” (Edeline &
Weinberg, 1991, p. 302).

23. In-Text Citations: MLA
 MLA:
“Protect and Serve” tells about a group of
policemen who…
 MLA
“…ever be forgotten” (Smith 45-51) .

24. In-Text: Chicago Notes-Bibliography

25. In-Text: Chicago Notes-Bibliography

26. In Text: Chicago Author-Date
 Reference List:
Pilger, John. 1998. Truth and the People
Lie Bleeding. New Statesman 127 (4373):
16-18. St. Catherine University. InfoTrac.
 In Text:
…as stated by Pilger (1998).

27. Hints
• Do you have all the
information from your
source?
• What goes in text?
Whatever is first on your
works cited page.
• Webpages aren’t as
complicated as they seem:
look for an author or
responsible organization, a
title, a date of some
sort, and a URL (http…).
• No date?
- N.D. in APA and MLA
- use title in Chicago
APA Hints:
• Sentence capitalization
(only first letter and
proper names) for titles
• Author-date in text format
• Include DOI if available
MLA hints:
• Include Print or Web
 Include access date for
websites
Chicago hints:
 Find out which system to use
(notes-bibliography vs.
author-date)
 For Notes, use MS Word’s
note tool

28. What’s Wrong? (MLA)
“Kennedy Worked Ceaselessly for Poor,
Disenfranchised” USA Today 28 Aug. 2009:
6A
“Kennedy Worked Ceaselessly for Poor,
Disenfranchised.” USA Today 28 Aug. 2009:
6A. Print.

29. What’s Wrong? (APA)
Jumpstarting your job search in today’s tough economy.
(2009, September 17)., Retrieved from Columbia
University Center for Career Education website:
http://www.careereducation.columbia.edu/news/jumpst
arting-your-job-search-today%E2%80%99s-tough-
economy.
Jumpstarting your job search in today’s tough
economy. (2009, September 17)._ Retrieved from
Columbia University Center for Career Education
website_http://www.careereducation.columbia.edu/new
s/jumpstarting-your-job-search-today%E2%80%99s-
tough-economy_

30. What’s Wrong? (Chicago)
Copeland, Edward & Juliet McMaster, ed.
1997. Cambridge Companion to Jane
Austen. New York: Cambridge University
Press .
Copeland, Edward and Juliet McMaster, eds.
1997. Cambridge Companion to Jane
Austen. New York: Cambridge University
Press.

31. Short-cuts

32. Word 2007

33. Word 2007
• Garbage in, garbage out
(enter all names and titles accurately and in correct
capitalization)
• Double-check results
• Save frequently
• Citing not available in earlier version of Word

34. Questions?
Librarians available Mon-Thurs 9:30am-9pm;
Fri 9:30am-5pm; Sat-Sun 11:30-4:30