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Future defense exchange and security dialogue between japan and gcc countries
- 1. Future Defense Exchange and Security Dialogue Between Japan and GCC countries Feb. 27 2009 Col. Hitoshi ISHIKAWA Visiting Fellow, The Henry L. Stimson Center And Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF)
- 2. Future Defense Exchange and Security Dialogue Between Japan and GCC countries The Views expressed here are those of Hitoshi ISHIKAWA. Nothing spoken here is to be reflecting the views of The Henry L. Stimson Center, Japan Ministry of Defense and Japan Self-Defense Force.
- 3. Future Defense Exchange and Security Dialogue Between Japan and GCC countries
- 4. GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) = Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE
- 5. Challenges of This Region
- 6. Japan in this regio n ・・・・
- 7. Japan in this region, lately JSDF…
- 8. * Japan as a new partner for the security related project * Part of smart Diplomacy in this region
- 9. Contents General relations ; Japan and GCC countries JSDF major activities in the Middle East so far Regional security challenges and efforts addressed Future defense exchange
- 10. Japan and GCC countries For Japan For GCC countries 75% oil from GCC No.1 Export destination (90% from M East) (For Kuwait, Qatar, UAE) Export to GCC As for import from Japan Car, Machine, Japan is among top 5 Power Plant Desalination Plant Transportation System Fmr. TOYOTA CEO, Mr. Okuda at Bahrain As a Special Envoy
- 11. Japan is a country fortunate enough to be seen without particular prejudices by the various countries and factions around the (Middle East) region Instead, what we often hear is that people hold Japan in a positive light as a rare example of a non-Western European country that has successfully modernized while maintaining its own traditions. Foreign Minister Taro ASO (then) (At Middle East Research Institute of Japan) Feb. 28th 2007
- 12. GCC countries interest in Japan (ex. In Education) The Emir of Qatar The Prince of Abu Dhabi Japanese Style School and Japanese Language Kuwait, Saudi, Oman and UAE also Japanese Language class or Students to Japan Emir of Qatar to Jp P.M. Prince of Abu Dhabi to Jp P.M.
- 13. Japan is a country fortunate enough to be seen without particular prejudices by the various countries and factions around the (Middle East) region Instead, what we often hear is that people hold Japan in a positive light as a rare example of a non-Western European country that has successfully modernized while maintaining its own traditions. Foreign Minister Taro ASO (then) (At Middle East Research Institute of Japan) Feb. 28th 2007
- 14. JSDF major Activities in this region Re : 1st Gulf War Minesweeping Operation in the Persian Gulf Re : Middle East Peace Process UN Peace Keeping Operation on the Golan Heights Re : The Long War (OEF-MIO) Replenishment Activities in the Indian Ocean Re : Reconstruction Assistance in Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance by GSDF C-130H Airlift by ASDF Squadron
- 15. Minesweeping Operation in the Persian Gulf After 1st Gulf War, 1991 6 ships (Inc. 4 Minesweeper) 511 Personnel Disposed 34 mines in 99 days Iran Iraq Kuwait Saudi UAE
- 16. Between Israel and Syria (UNDOF) Since 1995 ~ Now UN Disengagement Observer Force Transport Unit and HQ Staff Officers
- 17. The Long War ; Support of OEF-MIO Replenishment Activities in the Indian Ocean Since 2001 ~ Now Mainly Fuel supply to US, European, Pakistan…… Pakistan Almost 100% Dependency Fuel Supply to moving Pakistan Ship at Sea
- 18. Reconstruction Assistance in Iraq by Ground SDF Since 2004 Jan.~ 2006 Sep. Around Samawah , Southern Iraq Medical Training, Water Supply, Public Facility Reconstruct and Local Employment Dual Track with ODA “ Create friendly sea around us.”
- 19. Lesson sharing (US Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual) “Zen-like Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency” Sometimes…… - the more you protect your force, the less secure you may be - the more force is used, the less effective it is - doing nothing is the best way - some of the best weapons for counterinsurgents do not shoot
- 20. Reconstruction Assistance in Iraq by Ground SDF Since 2004 Jan.~ 2006 Sep. Around Samawah , Southern Iraq Medical Training, Water Supply, Public Facility Reconstruct and Local Employment Dual Track with ODA “ Create friendly sea around us.”
- 21. Lesson learned to others in Africa Lecture for African people at Cairo At Egyptian Center for Conflict Resolution and Peacekeeping Joint project : Egypt, Japan and UNDP Experiences of International Peace Cooperation Activiti
- 22. C-130 Airlift from Kuwait to Iraq Since 2003 Dec. ~ 2008 Dec. From Kuwait to Iraq (Bagdad, Erbil….) by 3 C-130s Goods, Materials and Personnel for humanitarian assistance and reconstruction 821 days mission, 673 tons
- 23. Confidence Building Measures !? “Operation clean up Kuwait” ? - in the base - on the beach with local Japanese
- 24. Contents General relations ; Japan and GCC countries JSDF major activities in the Middle East so far Regional security challenges and efforts addressed Future defense exchange
- 25. Agendas ahead Gen. Petraeus pointed out to GCC Officials IISS Manama Dialogue at Bahrain Missile Defense December 14th 2008 Maritime Security Operation Intelligence Cooperation Critical Infra. Protection Training and Exercise
- 26. NATO Initiatives (ICI) Launched in June 2004 Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and UAE joined Menu 1 Border security 7 Small arms proliferation 2 Terrorism 8 Crisis management 3 Defense reform 9 Military-military contact 4 WMD proliferation 10 Peace support operations 5 Civil emergency planning 11 Military exercise and training 6 Conceptual planning 12 Military education
- 27. Expert of GCC military balance says The GCC threat to the GCC - Poor mission focus - Lack of integration - Lack of balanced force development in manpower quality Anthony H. Cordesman CSIS - Problems in jointness and exercise Leaders must take defense seriously End Feuding (inside GCC) End prestige buy and Focus on mission needs
- 28. Basic Principles Japan as a favorable image nation Cooperate with US and NATO (keep a low profile) Promote security “modernization” and “liberalization” Contribute to the stability of the region Cultivate mutual understanding with GCC countries Strength the alliance with US and the relations with NATO
- 29. Initial step To know each other well Better to increase GCC countries side visit to Japan More purpose oriented briefing about JSDF for examples…. Missile Defense Exercise Measures against Piracy (Future Option)
- 30. Next step * In GCC countries * In Japan - Security related briefing - Observing JSDF exercise at GCC military school - Officers to JSDF school - Conference on security With pacific Partners GSDF Exercise At Cairo
- 31. Further step (1/2) for the coordination among GCC Aug. 2008 Youth who lost relatives in conflict Japanese Diplomatic Attempts in Middle East Peace Process - Invite both Israelis and Palestinians - Joint trip exploring different culture of Japan - Discuss issues with full peace of mind - Quarrels, disputes, sharing of feeling and some change….. - For civil servants, students, youth leaders, and journalists “Meeting in Japan, we would not be branded with any particular
- 32. Further step (2/2) for the coordination among GCC How about this ? First, for young officers of GCC countries Then, for senior officers of GCC countries
- 33. Basic Principles Japan as a favorable image nation Cooperate with US and NATO (keep a low profile) Promote security “modernization” and “liberalization” Contribute to the stability of the region Cultivate mutual understanding with GCC countries Strength the alliance with US and the relations with NATO
- 34. For comprehensive peace in the Middle East, what is necessary is the mental "groundwork" that will make such peace possible ………… ………There is no doubt in my mind that there are certain types of diplomacy that Japan is uniquely able to undertake. Prime Minister Taro Aso (UN General Assembly) Sep. 25th 2008
- 35. The Views expressed here are those of Hitoshi ISHIKAWA. Nothing spoken here is to be reflecting the views of The Henry L. Stimson Center, Japan Ministry of Defense and Japan Self-Defense Force.
- 36. Question or Comment ?
Notas do Editor
- - Thank you Yuki for your kind introduction. Good morning everyone, I am Col. Hitoshi ISHIKAWA, Visiting fellow of Stimson Center and Japan Self-Defense Force. - Thank you for coming today to my presentation. @@ （以下、スライド変更又はアニメーションのクリックを示す印
- - Before staring, I would like to make sure that the views expressed in my presentation are those of me. Nothing spoken here is to be reflecting the views of Stimson Center, Japanese Ministry of Defense and Japan Self-Defense Force. @@
- - Today I would like to tell you about a rather new area. That is about future defense exchange and dialogue between Japan and GCC countries. @@
- - Without mention, Middle East issues are imminent and huge. They are widely discussed every corner of this city. Various topics are on the agenda and many people are working on them every day. @@ - Security of GCC countries are among them. Energy resources from the Gulf and GCC support for multinational force are vital element for us, I think. @@
- - But when we think about the changing regional situation, such as redeployment of US forces from Iraq to Afghanistan, disputes over Gaza strip and growing Iranian influence on this area and its suspected development of WMD, it is natural that people in the world are wondering how the GCC countries will react to these challenges. @@
- - Japan, so-called one of the energy hungry Asian nations along with China and India, is heavily depending on the energy resources from the Gulf, and Japan has been working steadily to keep favorable diplomatic relations with GCC countries. @@ - On the other hand, Japan Self-Defense Force, JSDF activities in this region had been very modest. I suppose this modest posture comes partly from its legal constraint on overseas activities and partly from the geographical distance between Japan and this region. @@
- - These days however, I can see a little change in this trend. As some of you may know, for the last 4-5 years, upon a government decision Japan Self-Defense Force had a chance to join international efforts to keep Afghanistan from becoming failed state and to support Iraqi reconstruction. - Through those missions and through the exchanges of greetings among high ranking officials and military officers of both sides, especially during days as a Japanese defense attaché to Kuwait I have come to feel the needs in the GCC countries for the defense exchange. At the same time I also feel the Japanese necessity of doing something for the security of this region and for the favorable relations with the forces of GCC countries. @@
- - In this region, although US, UK, France and some NATO member are the main players particularly in security issues, @@ it would be wonderful that Japan as a third party will be able to contribute to revitalize current security related project from the different aspect and to promote a part of smart diplomacy. @@
- - Today to discuss about future defense exchange between Japan and GCC countries, first I would like to mention about general relations between Japan and GCC countries, then I want you to know about the major activities of JSDF in this region so far and its implication for the future defense exchanges. - To look for the area where JSDF can contribute to in the future, next I would like to see the challenges there and know how US and NATO have been working to strength the security of this region. - Finally, I wish to talk about some options for future defense exchange for JSDF and Forces in GCC. @@
- - Japan, as you may know, is heavily depending on foreign energy resources. Precisely speaking 75% oil comes from GCC countries and 90% from the Middle East. - For GCC countries, Japan is one of the top ranking exporting destinations in the world, in particular for Kuwait, Qatar and UAE Japan is No.1 exporting partner. - AS for the export from Japan to GCC, Cars, construction machine, power plant and seawater desalination plant are among the lists. While USA, China and India are among the top of the lists of import partner for GCC, Japan is usually in the top 5 lists along with Germany or some EU country. For example, in UAE Japanese cars have majority of the market and in Kuwait TOYOTA calora is top of the market share. Thinking about those relations, Japanese government has assigned former TOYOTA CEO and current adviser, Mr.Okuda to Japanese Special Envoy for GCC countries. - Given all the GCC nations are seeking their industry diversification from energy industry monopoly, it said that plenty of social infrastructures such as public transportation system, power plant and desalination plant are expected in this region from Japan. - Even in the rapid growth of import from China and India, still the products of TOYOTA, SONY, Panasonic, Nintendo and so-on are creating reliable and positive image toward Japan itself. @@
- - Additionally Japan has more than two thousand years of history but Japan has had no territorial or colonial disputes in this region, and Japanese economical success story while maintaining its own traditions are widely known among local people in this region. As the then Foreign Minister Taro ASO mentioned, I think these are the reasons why GCC countries are interested in Japan from the different aspect from other western countries. @@
- - Those interests have been expressed by leading figures in GCC. For example, the Emir of Qatar has been putting more emphasis on introducing Japanese education system along with strengthening measures for economical relation. The prince of Abu Dhabi, Muhammad is encouraging local people to join a Japanese school in his city and has had strong support for Japanese language course and establishment of Japanese high school in UAE. - Other than that, in Kuwait, Japanese language course inside the Kuwait University has been expanding for ten years, and upon a request from Saudi government Japan started to accept as many as 150 university student candidates last April. - To facilitate those needs from GCC, since 2004 Japanese government has organized the tours of schools and institutes in Japan for GCC countries’ teachers and officials. - As our diplomats admit and I also feel from my short stay in Kuwait, GCC people do not know much about Japan and I have to be honest that these interest of GCC countries in a sense can be transient, @@
- but I believe those feelings to Japan can be driving force for Japan to do something new and to contribute to this region. - My research basic concept has come from the utilization of this interest of GCC to Japan. @@
- - Next I would like to introduce major JSDF activities in this region. The major activities that will be referred, you can see on the screen. @@
- - Our activities in this area had started just after 1st Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm. In 1991 Japan had decided to send 6 ships including 4 minesweepers with about 500 member of JMSDF to the deep inside the Persian Gulf for getting rid of mines laid by Saddam Hussein. - As a result of little delayed arrival to the sweeping area, Japanese ships were assigned to one of the most difficult but important sweeping area for Kuwait oil export along with US Navy. After 100 days sweeping mission, 34 mines were disposed. Compared with huge Desert Shield and Desert Storm Operation, our mission was small, but this was a small first step of JSDF activities in this region. @@
- - During my stay as a defense attaché to Israel, UNDOF Commander often made mention about the importance of the Japanese presence in that mission especially in a coordination with Syria. One Commander told me that this is because Syrian people generally have friendly and respectful feeling to Japanese. - Since the beginning of this mission, more than 1000 JSDF personnel have experienced the activities in this area and the experiences the SDF has accumulated through the mission has contributed to creating a foundation for other peacekeeping operations and activities in this region. @@
- - On the sea, since 2001 JSDF has been supporting the international efforts of Operation Enduring Freedom - Maritime Interdiction Operation through the replenish support activities in the Indian Ocean. This maritime interdiction operation by the international community has been to block and deter the movement of terrorists, weapons, ammunition and narcotics – a major funding source for terrorism. - At present, U.S., European, Pakistani and other countries’ ships are operating in this area and this replenishment activity has become an important basis for vessels on MIO. - It is said that this mission requires a high level of skill and only few countries besides Japan can stably conduct such activities. - In particular for Pakistan, the first Muslim country to join OEF-MIO, this support is rather essential, as Pakistan Navy admiral described in his message to mission HQ, saying “the Pakistan Navy vessels require high-quality fuel to drive their gas turbine engines and depend almost 100% on the Japanese supply. It is no exaggeration to say that it is the continuous support of Japan that enables Pakistan to take part in MIO as a Muslim nation.” - Pakistan is not an Arab and GCC countries, but this is one example of Japanese good relations with Muslim military organization. @@
- - Regarding the Iraq reconstruction assistance, mainly our Ground and Air SDF had been a part of that. - Ground SDF had stayed in around Samawah, southern part of Iraq from 2004 to Sep. 2006 and had engaged in Medical training, water supply and public facility restoration and construction such as schools and roads. - It is believed that high acclaim to these activities from international community as well as Iraq can be gained from the well combined contribution by JSDF with the Japanese government ODA, so-called “Dual Track operations” and also gained from favorable relations with local people in Samawah. - To gain hearts and minds of local people, GSDF members had managed to find occasions or measures to communicate with people there under the first commander’s slogan “Create friendly sea around us”. - Helped by a rather stable regional situation and e SDF members’ endeavor, Japan had completed this mission with no combat casualties. - During our mission, many Generals from multinational force visited Japanese camp to see Japanese way of doing mission and it is said some of the lessons were filed in new US Army counterinsurgency field manual, in which “the Zen-like Paradoxes of Counterinsurgency” are mentioned along with other guide line of activities. @@
- - That manual says for examples, Sometimes the more you protect your force, the less secure you may be Sometimes the more force is used, the less effective it is Sometimes doing nothing is the best reaction Some of the best weapons for counterinsurgents do not shoot - Besides the factor I mentioned, act as Japanese or being Japanese itself was a strong point in the Iraq, I think. @@
- - GSDF members selected not desert camouflage color but noticeable jungle color for their uniform to be identified as Japanese, based on the assumption that there still exist favorable image to Japan. - Compared with other coalition countries, our contribution to Iraqi reconstruction was modest, however it is worth mentioning that @@
- some African nations are interested in our experiences in the middle east and welcomed JSDF officers for the briefing at their meeting at Cairo, Egypt last November under the coordination of UN. - I do not think that JSDF has super secret of doing business in military affairs, but on the other hand I suppose that there are rooms in which people in the world would like to listen to the oriental views on handling security issues. - I hope that that curiosity like feeling can be a catalyst for creating new trend in the security agenda in the Gulf. - I would like to add one more activities for Iraqi reconstruction support by Japanese C-130 airlift squadron. @@
- - Starting in Dec. 2003 and ended in Dec. 2008, an ASDF squadron had transported goods, materials and personnel donated or dispatched by Japan, multinational force, other countries, UN and international organization from Kuwait to, for instance, Baghdad and Erbil. In 5 years, 673tons of goods and materials were airlifted in 821 days mission. - During this mission, Japanese squadron stayed in Kuwaiti Air Force base and was allowed to use the space near the Kuwaiti base commander’s office building for Japanese barracks and offices. - As is often the case in JSDF, JASDF commander ordered members of squadron to clean up the space allowed for Japanese use and regularly early in the morning all the member picked up plastic bag and paper trash. This routine gradually had come to gained Kuwaiti side follower and the area around Kuwaiti and Japanese offices became clean-cut quarter in the base. @@
- - This story had been usually told to Japanese visitor to Kuwait by Kuwait Forces Generals. I think this story also has contributed to the interest of the Gulf nations toward Japan. @@
- - Before getting into the idea for defense exchange among two sides, I want to briefly comment on the current security challenges in front of GCC countries, and the efforts of U.S and NATO to support their modernization. @@
- - As Gen. Petraeus clearly pointed out in front of almost all the distinguished security officials of GCC at Manama Dialogue last Dec, I think it is possible to overview the area of challenges from the following 5 aspects. They are missile defense, maritime security operation, intelligence cooperation, critical infrastructure protection and training for joint and combined operations. @@
- - NATO also has started the project, named Istanbul Cooperation Initiative since 2004, and so far Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and UAE have joined this initiative. Saudi and Oman also shows strong interests. In this initiative, 12 priority areas, as you see on the screen, are on the lists of menu. @@
- - But at the same time it seems better to remember some points raised by Anthony Cordesman, expert of Middle East military balance, under the title, like “the GCC threats to GCC”. In that he explained the GCC challenges using the phrases like, “Poor mission focus, Lack of integration, Lack of balanced force development in manpower quality, Problems in jointness and Problems in exercise”, and “Leaders must take defense as seriously as their military, End pointless feuding (in GCC) and prestige buys, and Focus on mission needs.” - Given those stated above, finally I would like to mention some ideas for future defense exchange between Japan and GCC countries. @@
- - Basic principles underlining my ideas are as follows. Japan, as a third party nation, not well-known but have welcomed with favorable image in the Gulf, should cooperate with US and NATO in promoting modernization plan such as Gen.Petraeus presented at Manama. Through these efforts, Japan and JSDF will be able to contribute to the stability of this region, to cultivate further mutual understandings with GCC countries and to strength the alliance with US and the relations with NATO. @@
- - As an initial stage, we have to know each other well. For this stage, JSDF high ranking officers has already visited several GCC countries to ask for the permission and support for dispatched JSDF members mentioned above. - For further interaction however, I think it is better to increase the GCC side visit to Japan. After I arranged Kuwait Air force commander`s visit to Japan in 2005, the commander`s image to Japan has changed more positive than before. Making the best of these occasions, not only general briefing on JSDF but also on the specific topics, such as Japanese missile defense program and lessons that we experienced through the coordination with US forces, would be better. In the near future it may be possible to share the know-how gained from the measures against piracy off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden. @@
- - As a next step, based on the GCC side requests or regional necessity, security related briefing at GCC military school or joint conference on the topic of interests can be one of the options. In this, briefing at Cairo can be one of the models. - Thinking about JSDF`s rather tight regulations for the use of weapons compared with other countries, to see the JSDF exercise as an observer can be a chance for GCC military officers to think about their delicate anti-terror mission, along with the reading of Zen-like Counterinsurgency Manual. - If they want to stay longer to know Japan, it may be possible to accept GCC military officer at some JSDF schools. @@
- - When we consider further step for easing quarrels among GCC and for cultivating mutual understanding among regional players, Japanese diplomatic attempts to bridge the gap between Israel and Palestine can be a hint for us, I believe. - Japanese diplomats have organized the joint trip of Japan for Israeli and Palestinian delegation for almost 10 years. During the stay in Japan, they travel together around Japan exploring Japanese culture and memorable places like Hiroshima, and have discussion among them. - At the beginning, they crash in discussion, but as time goes by in a completely different cultural atmosphere, they feel tired of criticizing each other and finally at the end of the tour usually both side start to realize the necessity of changing current situation. - Japanese diplomats have had several types of tour, for students, young leader, civil servants and journalists respectively. That is not rare case that they exchange telephone No. or e-mil and communicate even after that tour. - Still we cannot see the end of conflict there, but I believe this kind of groundwork is necessary step for the final goal. - At the end of my presentation, @@
- I would like to propose this type of joint Japan tour for GCC military officers both for young and senior level respectively. - I think those all ideas should be done under the name of Japan @@
- without clearly mentioning the coordination with Nato and US in the face of complicated regional feeling toward western forces, however, to maximize the effect of these ideas, continuous coordination and exchange of information with US and NATO project is essential for us all. @@
- Thank you for your attention. ……………………………. @@