Here is the diagram with color coding: [PASTES DIAGRAM WITH COLOR CODING]

1. Notes: Lower Respiratory Tract (pg 6)

2. Trachea (windpipe)
• Tube 12-15 cm long. Anterior and lateral walls
are supported by 15 to 20 C-shaped pieces of
hyaline cartilage that hold trachea open.

3. Trachea (windpipe)
• Tube 12-15 cm long. Anterior and lateral walls
are supported by 15 to 20 C-shaped pieces of
hyaline cartilage that hold trachea open.
• Posterior portion is smooth muscle (no
cartilage) allowing room for the
esophagus, which sits behind the trachea, to
expand during swallowing.

4. Lungs
• Soft and spongy because they are mostly
empty space

5. Lungs
• Soft and spongy because they are mostly
empty space
• Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to
the clavicle

6. Lungs
• Soft and spongy because they are mostly
empty space
• Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to
the clavicle
• Only point of attachment is the hilum, where
bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter

7. Lungs
• Soft and spongy because they are mostly
empty space
• Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to
the clavicle
• Only point of attachment is the hilum, where
bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter
• Right lung is shorter, broader, and has a
greater volume. 3 lobes.

8. Lungs
• Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty
space
• Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the
clavicle
• Only point of attachment is the hilum, where
bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter
• Right lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater
volume. 3 lobes.
• Left lung is longer and narrower and has an
indentation called the cardiac notch that makes
room for the heart. 2 lobes.

9. Lungs
• Soft and spongy because they are mostly empty
space
• Rest on the diaphragm and extend upward to the
clavicle
• Only point of attachment is the hilum, where
bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter
• Right lung is shorter, broader, and has a greater
volume. 3 lobes.
• Left lung is longer and narrower and has an
indentation called the cardiac notch that makes
room for the heart. 2 lobes.
• Each lung is enclosed by a double layered serous
membrane called the pleura.

10. Bronchi and Bronchial Tree
• Trachea divides into right and left primary
bronchi

11. Bronchi and Bronchial Tree
• Trachea divides into right and left primary
bronchi
• Primary bronchi enter lungs and branch to
form secondary (lobar) bronchi, which branch
into tertiary (segmental) bronchi

12. Bronchi and Bronchial Tree
• Trachea divides into right and left primary
bronchi
• Primary bronchi enter lungs and branch to form
secondary (lobar) bronchi, which branch into
tertiary (segmental) bronchi
• Branching continues to form bronchioles, which
branch into microscopic alveolar ducts. The ducts
terminate in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli
• Lungs have around 300 million alveoli

14. Output (pg 7)
Draw the previous diagram from memory and
label the following parts
• Bronchiole
• Alveolar duct
• Alveoli
• Capillaries

15. Alveoli (pg 6)
• Site of gas exchange between lungs and blood
• Walls of alveoli are only 1 cell thick and they
are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses
into the blood and CO2 diffuses out, driven by
concentration gradients.

16. Alveoli (pg 6)
• Site of gas exchange between lungs and blood
• Walls of alveoli are only 1 cell thick and they
are surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses
into the blood and CO2 diffuses out, driven by
concentration gradients.
• Oxygen Transport: 97% carried by heme
portion of hemoglobin in RBCs, 3% dissolved
in blood plasma

17. Alveoli (pg 6)
• Site of gas exchange between lungs and blood
• Walls of alveoli are only 1 cell thick and they are
surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen diffuses into
the blood and CO2 diffuses out, driven by
concentration gradients.
• Oxygen Transport: 97% carried by heme portion
of hemoglobin in RBCs, 3% dissolved in blood
plasma
• Carbon Dioxide Transport: 70% bicarbonate ions
in RBC cytoplasm, 23% carried by protein portion
of hemoglobin, 7% dissolved in blood plasma

18. Output (pg 5)
Paste in the diagram “Gas exchange in the
Alveoli”
Color code
• Red blood cells: Red
• Hemoglobin: Orange
• Oxygen: Green
• Carbon dioxide: Blue
• Blood plasma: Yellow