4. First European people to practice
democratic ideals.
Trial by juries (501 people to avoid
bribery)
No judges or lawyers
Accusers would recommend penalties.
5. Law of the Twelve Tables in 449 BCE
Over time law became more complex
Training of lawyers began
529 CE – Code of Justinian
6. Separate system passed down orally
Iroquois Confederacy –
Gayanashagowa
Became a reference for the UN and USA
Self-rule in some areas of Canada
7. Presumption of Innocence
Trial by Ordeal
11th Century William the Conquer
› Local authority to resolve disputes
12th Century King Henry II
› Consistency and fairness
King John and the Magna Carta
› Rule of Law
8. French Civil Law
Civil laws (private law) was organized
into codes arranged by topic
Napoleonic Code or French Civil Code
Precedence is less important
9.
10.
11.
12. Values and principles of Canadian law
Body of laws which deal with
government powers and legal principles
BNA Act, now the Constitution Act 1867
Constitution Act 1982 and Charter
Judicial Independence
Ultra vires and intra vires
13. Any law passed by the federal or
provincial governments
Judges interpret the statues
› Mischief rule
› Internal aids
› External aids