Review of Literature is a key of Research Methodology and writing the research proposal .Scientific method of writing the review is explained here

1. Literature search
Dr. Anjali Upadhye
M.Sc.,M.B.A., Ph.D
Hon.Shri.Annasaheb Dange Ayurved Medical College, Ashta, Sangli

2. Objectives of the Session:
• Various sources for literature to search
• Literature search on internet
• Introduction to Pubmed
- Using tags and Boolean operators in literature search
- Using filters
- MeSH terms

3. Why ??
• To have basic information about the subject
• To know-what others have already found out..
• To identify – the gaps in the available knowledge
• To justify the reason for your research
• To study – Methodology, others have adopted…
• To compare your results with previous results

4. Why ??
Thinking,
more the references,
more are the chances of
accepting our work..

5. Literature search
• Hard formats
▫ Text books
▫ Print journals
▫ Index medicus
▫ Soft formats
▪ Internet
▪ Soft copies of books

6. Internate sources
• Google
• Other search engines
• Websites devoted to medical literature search
o www.pubmed.gov
o www.thecochranelibrary.com

7. Lets start our search
on google
• I want to search articles on prevalence of hepatitis B

9. About 38,30,000 results
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10. Problem of plenty
Can we narrow the search?
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11. Heart of medical literature search
www.pubmed.com
www.pubmed.gov
PUBMED
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12. What is Pubmed?
• PubMed is a free search engine
• accessing primarily the MEDLINE database
• It is a database of all articles published in certain journals .
• The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the
National Institutes of Health maintains this database.
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drabhijit tambe24@gmail.com

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hepatitis b

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20. Problem of plenty
Can we narrow the search?
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21. Using tags
We can specify the fields from which
pubmed should search..
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22. Title
Authors
Journal
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23. Using tags
• Ti - title
• Au – Author
• Tiab – Title or abstract
These tags are used in [square brackets].
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24. Using tags
• Hepatitis b [ti] - “Hepatitis b” in title
• Hepatitis b [tiab] - “Hepatitis b” in title /Abstract
• Patil [Au] - “Patil” in author
• India [pl] - Articles published in India
• jalgaon [ad] - Articles by authors in jalgaon
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25. Affiliation [AD] Investigator [IR] Pharmacological Action [PA]
Article Identifier [AID] ISBN [ISBN] Place of Publication
[PL]
All Fields [ALL] Issue [IP] PMID [PMID]
Author [AU] Journal [TA] Publisher [PUBN]
Author Identifier [AUID] Language [LA] Publication Date [DP]
Book [book] Last Author [LASTAU] Publication Type [PT]
Comment Corrections Location ID [LID] Secondary Source ID [SI]
Corporate Author [CN] MeSH Date [MHDA] Subset [SB]
Create Date [CRDT] MeSH Major Topic [MAJR] Supplementary Concept[NM]
Completion Date [DCOM] MeSH Subheadings [SH] Text Words [TW]
EC/RN Number [RN] MeSH Terms [MH] Title [TI]
Editor [ED] Modification Date [LR] Title/Abstract [TIAB]
Entrez Date [EDAT] NLM Unique ID [JID] Transliterated Title [TT]
Filter [FILTER] Other Term [OT] UID [PMID]
First Author Name [1AU] Owner Version
Full Author Name [FAU] Pagination [PG] Volume [VI]
Full Investigator Name [FIR] Personal Name as Subject [PS]
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28. Combining multiple search terms:
Boolean Operators
• AND
• OR
• NOT
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29. • Prevalence [ti] AND hepatitis b [ti]
• Prevalence [ti] OR hepatitis b [ti]
• Hepatitis b [ti] NOT Prevalence[ti]
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33. • (Hepatitis b [ti] or hepatitis a [ti] ) AND
prevalence [ti] AND india[pl]
Articles with hepatitis B or hepatitis A in title
and
prevalence in title
and
published in India
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Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags

34. • Hepatitis b [ti] AND jalgaon [ad]
Articles with hepatitis B in title
and
affiliation as jalgaon
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Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags

35. • Hepatitis b [ti] NOT america [pl]
Articles with hepatitis B in title
and
not published in america
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Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags

36. Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags
• Hepatitis b [ti] NOT India[pl]
Articles with hepatitis B in title
and
not published in India
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37. Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags
• Hepatitis b [ti] AND prevalence [ti] AND
india[pl]
Articles with hepatitis B in title
and
prevalence in title
and
published in India
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38. Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags
• jalgaon [ad] NOT india [pl]
Articles by authors in jalgaon
and
Not published in India
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39. Combining multiple Boolean operators
and tags
• Patil [au] NOT india [pl]
Articles authored by Patil
and
Not published in India
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40. Wild card characters
• I want articles on psychosis, psychological illness,
psychiatric problems in children.
• Use search term - psych*
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41. Lets see the results using some of these Boolean
operators / tags
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42. Hepatitis b [ti] AND prevalence [ti]
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43. Hepatitis b [ti] AND prevalence [ti] AND india [pl]
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44. Manage filters
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51. MeSH
• Crux of Pubmed
• Medical Subjects Headings
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63. Other websites
• www.thechochranelibrary.com
• Database of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
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64. Summary
• Log on to www.pubmed.com
• Register yourself with NCBI.
• Search pubmed using sensible selection of search terms
• Use tags in square brackets.
• Use Boolean operators
• Use wildcard (*)
• Use sensible combinations of above
• Manage filters
• Find MeSH terms and use them
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