SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 45
Baixar para ler offline
Routes of Drug Administration
The route of administration (ROA)
that is chosen may have a
profound effect upon the speed
and efficiency with which the
drug acts
 The possible routes of drug entry into the body
may be divided into two classes:
o Enteral
sublingual
oral
other
oParenteral
I.V
I.M
S.C
ENTERNAL
Drugs
Enternal
Oral Rectal Sublingual
Topical
Dermal Inhalational Conjunctival Intraocular
parenteral
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Buccal
Lozenge Drops tabs
Parenteral
Some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are held in the mouth or under the
tongue.
• Advantages
 rapidabsorption (angina pectoris)
 drug stability
 avoidfirst-passeffect
• Disadvantages
 Inconvenient for all drugs .
 small doses
 unpleasant taste of some drugs
 E.g. of sublingual drugs:Trinitroglycerin, Borbrinpherin
 E.g. of buccal drug: Nicotine
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Tabs Capsules
Suspensions syrups Gels Elixirs Powders solutions
Parenteral
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Tabs
convenient soluble Dispersible Effervescent Chewable
Parenteral
 Advantages
 Convenient - can be self- administered, pain free, easy to take
 Absorption - takes place along the whole length of the GI tract
 Cheap - compared to most other parenteral routes
 Disadvantages
 Sometimes inefficient - only part of the drug may be absorbed
 First-passeffect - drugs absorbed orally are initially transported to the
liver via the portal vein
 irritation to gastric mucosa - nausea and vomiting
 Disadvantages cont.
 destructionof drugs by gastric acid and digestive juices
 effect too slowfor emergencies
 unpleasant taste of some drugs
 unable to use in unconscious patient
‫الهضمي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫بحركية‬ ‫يتأثر‬‫و‬‫الطعام‬ ‫تناول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫أدوية‬ ‫بإعطاء‬(‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مث‬:‫قد‬‫ي‬‫فاقم‬
‫الميتوكلوبراميد‬‫األدوية‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫امتصاص‬)‫وبمدى‬‫استقلب‬‫للدواء‬ ‫الكبد‬Er‫الممتص‬(‫تأثير‬
‫األول‬ ‫العبور‬),‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مث‬:‫يتخرب‬75%‫من‬‫البروبرانول‬‫الممتص‬(‫ذلك‬ ‫من‬ ‫وأكثر‬
‫للكيتامين‬)‫الكبد‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫األول‬ ‫العبور‬ ‫لدى‬.
‫بي‬ ‫األمعاء‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫كامل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫فعالية‬ ‫زال‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫حال‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬‫يتأثر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫نما‬
‫اآلخر‬ ‫البعض‬
 The first-pass effect is the term used for the hepatic metabolism of
a pharmacological agent when it is absorbed from the gut and
delivered to the liver via the portal circulation. The greater the
first-pass effect, the less the agent will reach the systemic
circulation when the agent is administered orally
Magnitude of first pass hepatic effect:
Extraction ratio (ER)
ER = CL liver / Q ; where Q is hepatic blood flow (usually
about 90 L per hour.
Systemic drug bioavailability (F) may be determined from the
extent of absorption (f) and the extraction ratio (ER):
F = f x (1 -ER)
ORAL CAPS
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Capsules
Hardcapsules Softcapsules
Parenteral topical
DRUG TREE HARD CAPS.
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Capsules
Hardcapsules
composedof twoparts, canbe
packedpowderor granules
DRUG TREE SOFTCAPS.
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Capsules
Soft capsules
one piece. Containinga liquidor
semisolidmaterial
DRUG TREE SUSPENSIONS
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
suspension
s
Solidphase
Liquidphase minimumdegreeof
dissolution
Parenteral
suspensions
Topica
DRUG TREE SYRUPS
Drugs
Enternal
Oral
Syrups
One phase Highly sugared Aqueous sol.
Parenteral
topical
RECTAL PREPS
Drugs
Enternal
Rectal
Supposotories
Parenteral
Topical
1. unconscious patients and children
2. if patient is nauseous or vomiting
3. absorption may be variable
4. good for drugs affecting the bowel suchas laxatives
5. irritating drugs contraindicated
•‫امتص‬ ‫لضمان‬ ‫المستقيم‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫الدواء‬ ‫يبقى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫شترط‬ُ‫ي‬‫اصه‬.
•‫تمتص‬ ‫قد‬50%‫الدوران‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الدواء‬ ‫جرعة‬ ‫من‬‫الجهازي‬
‫وال‬5%‫هذه‬ ‫تختلف‬ ‫عموما‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫البابي‬ ‫الدوران‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األخرى‬
‫دواء‬ ‫بين‬ ‫النسب‬‫و‬‫آخر‬.
TOPICAL
Drugs
Topical
Derma
Gels Ointments Creams Pastes Powders Aerosols Lotions TD patches
•Mucosal membranes (eye drops, antiseptic, sunscreen,
callous removal, nasal, etc.)
•Skin
a. Dermal - rubbing in of oil or ointment
(local action)
b. Transdermal - absorption of drug through skin (systemic
action)
i. stable blood levels
ii. no first pass metabolism
iii. drug must be potent or patch
becomes to large
‫الجلدية‬ ‫الصيدالنية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫من‬:Cream, ointment, gel, solution
‫الجلد‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫الصيدالنية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫من‬:Patchs‫اللصوقات‬‫األشكال‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تصمم‬ ‫الجلدية‬
‫الدوران‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫العديدة‬ ‫بطبقاته‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫الدوائية‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫عبور‬ ‫لضمان‬‫الجهازي‬..‫رغم‬‫أن‬
‫االمتصاص‬‫بطيئ‬‫مؤلم‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫موثوق‬ ‫لكنه‬.‫الطريق‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫المعطاة‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫من‬:
-Fentanyl‫تطبق‬ ‫المزمن‬ ‫األلم‬ ‫لحاالت‬ ‫يستطب‬ ‫الذي‬‫اللصاقة‬‫ل‬72‫ساعة‬.
-Scopolamine=‫الهيوسين‬‫تطبق‬‫اللصاقة‬‫مدار‬ ‫على‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫تحرر‬ ‫لتعطي‬‫ثللة‬‫أي‬‫ام‬
‫و‬ ‫الغثيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬‫اإلقياء‬‫بعد‬ ‫تستطب‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السفر‬ ‫دوار‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ينجم‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الذي‬‫الجراحة‬
‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬‫اإلقياء‬‫المخدرات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجم‬..
-‫لصوقات‬‫النيكوتين‬..‫إلخ‬.
‫األخرى‬ ‫الموضعية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫من‬:
‫المهبلية‬:‫ومحاليل‬ ‫بويضات‬ ‫و‬ ‫كريمات‬..‫الفطرية‬ ‫كالصادات‬(‫كلوتريمازول‬)‫وال‬‫صادات‬
‫الحيوية‬(‫كليندامايسين‬)‫الموضعية‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫مانعات‬ ‫و‬(‫بويضات‬‫نونوكسينول‬..)
‫الشرجية‬:‫مراهم‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحاميل‬(‫الشرجية‬ ‫البواسير‬ ‫لعلج‬ ‫كالمستخدمة‬)
CONJUNCTIVAL PREPS
Drugs
Topical
Conjunctival
Contact lens
inserts
Ointments
TOPICAL - CONJUNCTIVAL
Drugs
Topical
IntraOcular
Sols Suspensions
TOPICAL-VAGINAL
Drugs
Topical
Vaginal
Sols Ointments Emulsion foams Gels Tabs Suppositories
INHALTIONAL DRUGS
Drugs
topical
Inhalational
Intranasal Intrarespiratory
Parenteral Enternal
INHALTIONAL DRUGS
Drugs
Enternal
Inhalational
Intranasal
Sols Sprays Inhalants Ointments
Intrarespiratory
INHALTIONAL DRUGS
Drugs
Enternal
Inhalational
intranasal Intrarepiratory
Aerosols
1.gaseous and volatile agents and aerosols
2.rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation
a.large surface area
b.thin membranes separates alveoli circulation
c.high blood flow
Particles larger than 20 micron and the particles impact in
the mouth and throat. Smaller than 0.5 micron and they
aren't retained.
 Respiratory system. Except for IN, risk hypoxia.
 Intranasal (snorting) Snuff, cocaine may be partly oral via post-
nasal dripping. Fairly fast to brain, local damage to septum. Some
of the volatile gases also appear to cross nasal membranes.
 Smoke (Solids in air suspension, vapors) absorbed across lung
alveoli: Nicotine, opium, THC, freebase and crack cocaine, crystal
meth.Particles or vapors dissolve in lung fluids, then diffuse. Longer
action than volatile gases. Tissue damage from particles, tars, CO.
 Volatilegases: Some anaesthetics (nitrous oxide, ether) [precise
control], petroleum distillates. Diffusion and exhalation (alcohol).
 Lung-based transfer may get drug to brain in as little as five
seconds.
PARENTERAL
Drugs
Parenteral
Solutions Suspensions IV,IM,IA,SC
 Intravascular (IV, IA)- placing a drug directly into the blood stream
 Intramuscular (IM) - drug injected into skeletal muscle
 Subcutaneous - Absorption of drugs from the subcutaneoustissues
Routes of Drug Administration
Absorption phase is bypassed
(100%bioavailability)
1.precise, accurate and almost immediate onset of action,
2. large quantities can be given, fairly pain free
3. greater risk of adverse effects
a. high concentration attained rapidly
b. risk of embolism
1. very rapidabsorptionof drugs in aqueous
solution
2.repository and slowrelease preparations
3.painat injection sites for certain drugs
-‫الترا‬ ‫يؤذي‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كالبنسلين‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫لبعض‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫مؤلم‬‫كيب‬
‫المجاورة‬ ‫التشريحية‬(‫الوركي‬ ‫العصب‬ ‫أذية‬)
-‫امتصاص‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مث‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫دائم‬ ‫موثوق‬ ‫االمتصاص‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ال‬‫الديازيبا‬‫م‬‫لدى‬
‫بالعضل‬ ‫حقن‬ ‫اإلعطاء‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫منه‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫الفموي‬ ‫التناول‬.
-‫ا‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عضلي‬ ‫الحقن‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫التأكد‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫يصعب‬ ‫قد‬‫لدى‬ ‫لجلد‬
‫البدين‬ ‫المريض‬
1. slow and constant absorption
2. absorption is limited by blood flow, affected if circulatory
problems exist
3. concurrent administration of vasoconstrictor will slow
absorption
 intravenous 30-60 seconds
 intraosseous 30-60 seconds
 endotracheal 2-3 minutes
 inhalation 2-3 minutes
 sublingual 3-5 minutes
 intramuscular 10-20 minutes
 subcutaneous 15-30 minutes
 rectal 5-30 minutes
 ingestion 30-90 minutes
 transdermal (topical) variable (minutes to hours)
 Oral - controlled-release, timed-release, sustained-release
 designed to produce slow,uniform absorption for 8 hours or
longer
 better compliance, maintain effect over night, eliminate
extreme peaks and troughs
 Depot or reservoir preparations - parental
administration (except IV), may be prolonged by
using insoluble salts or suspensions in non-aqueous
vehicles.
The ROA is determined by the physical
characteristics of the drug, the speed
which the drug is absorbed and/ or
released, as well as the need to bypass
hepatic metabolism and achieve high
conc. at particular sites
Important
Info
No single method of
drug administration
is ideal for all drugs
in all circumstances
Very Important
note!
Polt ghraph of different dosage forms and it’s plazma concentrations
Routes of Drug Administration

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Local routes
Local routesLocal routes
Local routes
 
General anaesthetics
General anaestheticsGeneral anaesthetics
General anaesthetics
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Route of drug administration
Route of drug administrationRoute of drug administration
Route of drug administration
 
Route of administration of drugs
Route of administration of drugsRoute of administration of drugs
Route of administration of drugs
 
routes of drug administration
  routes of drug administration   routes of drug administration
routes of drug administration
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
New drug delivery systems
New drug delivery systemsNew drug delivery systems
New drug delivery systems
 
Routes of Drug Administration
Routes of Drug AdministrationRoutes of Drug Administration
Routes of Drug Administration
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Drug Dosage Forms
Drug Dosage FormsDrug Dosage Forms
Drug Dosage Forms
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATIONROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Absorption of drugs Pharmacokinetics
Absorption of drugs PharmacokineticsAbsorption of drugs Pharmacokinetics
Absorption of drugs Pharmacokinetics
 
Vaginal route of administration
Vaginal route of administrationVaginal route of administration
Vaginal route of administration
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Novel drug delivery system
Novel drug delivery systemNovel drug delivery system
Novel drug delivery system
 

Semelhante a Routes of Drug Administration

Route of drug administration
Route of drug administrationRoute of drug administration
Route of drug administrationPabitra Thapa
 
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics krupa sagar
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration LaraibTariq5
 
Disquisition on Routes of Drug Administration
Disquisition on Routes of Drug  AdministrationDisquisition on Routes of Drug  Administration
Disquisition on Routes of Drug AdministrationSMS MEDICAL COLLEGE
 
Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...
Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...
Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...supriyapuram7
 
Route of administration of drug
Route of administration of drugRoute of administration of drug
Route of administration of drugVarshaDhulasawant
 
Unit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacology
Unit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacologyUnit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacology
Unit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacologySabaShaikh76
 
[Pharma] routes of drug administration
[Pharma] routes of drug administration[Pharma] routes of drug administration
[Pharma] routes of drug administrationMuhammad Ahmad
 
Routes of drug administration (1)
Routes of drug administration (1)Routes of drug administration (1)
Routes of drug administration (1)kattamurilakshmi
 
Route of drug administration (2)
Route of drug administration (2)Route of drug administration (2)
Route of drug administration (2)PreetiChaudhary64
 
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformation
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationSeminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformation
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationnaseemashraf2
 
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing StudentsIntroduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing StudentsKalaivanisathishr
 
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.ppt
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.pptROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.ppt
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.pptMuhammadHassan592508
 
Rout of drug administration
Rout of drug administrationRout of drug administration
Rout of drug administrationAman Kakne
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration Muhammad Jafar
 

Semelhante a Routes of Drug Administration (20)

Route of drug administration
Route of drug administrationRoute of drug administration
Route of drug administration
 
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Routes of Administration Pharmacology
Routes of Administration PharmacologyRoutes of Administration Pharmacology
Routes of Administration Pharmacology
 
Disquisition on Routes of Drug Administration
Disquisition on Routes of Drug  AdministrationDisquisition on Routes of Drug  Administration
Disquisition on Routes of Drug Administration
 
Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...
Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...
Drug Administration Routes Sublingual Intravenous Social Routes Source Of The...
 
Route of administration of drug
Route of administration of drugRoute of administration of drug
Route of administration of drug
 
Introduction to pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacologyIntroduction to pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacology
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administrationRoutes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 
Unit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacology
Unit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacologyUnit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacology
Unit-1: General pharmacology :Introduction to pharmacology
 
[Pharma] routes of drug administration
[Pharma] routes of drug administration[Pharma] routes of drug administration
[Pharma] routes of drug administration
 
4th sem 3.pptx
4th sem 3.pptx4th sem 3.pptx
4th sem 3.pptx
 
Lecture # 04 Routes of Administration
Lecture # 04 Routes of AdministrationLecture # 04 Routes of Administration
Lecture # 04 Routes of Administration
 
Routes of drug administration (1)
Routes of drug administration (1)Routes of drug administration (1)
Routes of drug administration (1)
 
Route of drug administration (2)
Route of drug administration (2)Route of drug administration (2)
Route of drug administration (2)
 
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformation
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationSeminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformation
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformation
 
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing StudentsIntroduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
 
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.ppt
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.pptROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.ppt
ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION-Fall 2022.ppt
 
Rout of drug administration
Rout of drug administrationRout of drug administration
Rout of drug administration
 
Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration Routes of drug administration
Routes of drug administration
 

Mais de Haçan Elhalabi

Immunology to viruses depth veiw
Immunology to viruses depth veiwImmunology to viruses depth veiw
Immunology to viruses depth veiwHaçan Elhalabi
 
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentation
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentationLung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentation
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentationHaçan Elhalabi
 
Liposomes in drug targeting
Liposomes in drug targetingLiposomes in drug targeting
Liposomes in drug targetingHaçan Elhalabi
 
إكليل الجبل Rosemary
إكليل الجبل Rosemaryإكليل الجبل Rosemary
إكليل الجبل RosemaryHaçan Elhalabi
 
Viruses origin and Evolution
Viruses origin and EvolutionViruses origin and Evolution
Viruses origin and EvolutionHaçan Elhalabi
 
Pharmaceutical suspensions
Pharmaceutical suspensionsPharmaceutical suspensions
Pharmaceutical suspensionsHaçan Elhalabi
 

Mais de Haçan Elhalabi (7)

Immunology to viruses depth veiw
Immunology to viruses depth veiwImmunology to viruses depth veiw
Immunology to viruses depth veiw
 
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentation
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentationLung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentation
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke - Arabic presentation
 
Liposomes in drug targeting
Liposomes in drug targetingLiposomes in drug targeting
Liposomes in drug targeting
 
Treating sarin
Treating sarinTreating sarin
Treating sarin
 
إكليل الجبل Rosemary
إكليل الجبل Rosemaryإكليل الجبل Rosemary
إكليل الجبل Rosemary
 
Viruses origin and Evolution
Viruses origin and EvolutionViruses origin and Evolution
Viruses origin and Evolution
 
Pharmaceutical suspensions
Pharmaceutical suspensionsPharmaceutical suspensions
Pharmaceutical suspensions
 

Último

AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectiondrhanifmohdali
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsMedicoseAcademics
 
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologypA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologyDeepakDaniel9
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communicationskatiequigley33
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.aarjukhadka22
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.whalesdesign
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .Mohamed Rizk Khodair
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets barmohitRahangdale
 
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptxORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptxNIKITA BHUTE
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.pptRamDBawankar1
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdfHongBiThi1
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportNARMADAPETROLEUMGAS
 

Último (20)

AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
 
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologypA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
 
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
 
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
Bulimia nervosa ( Eating Disorders) Mental Health Nursing.
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
 
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptxORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptx
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project report
 

Routes of Drug Administration

  • 2. The route of administration (ROA) that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts
  • 3.  The possible routes of drug entry into the body may be divided into two classes: o Enteral sublingual oral other oParenteral I.V I.M S.C
  • 4. ENTERNAL Drugs Enternal Oral Rectal Sublingual Topical Dermal Inhalational Conjunctival Intraocular parenteral
  • 6. Some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are held in the mouth or under the tongue. • Advantages  rapidabsorption (angina pectoris)  drug stability  avoidfirst-passeffect
  • 7. • Disadvantages  Inconvenient for all drugs .  small doses  unpleasant taste of some drugs  E.g. of sublingual drugs:Trinitroglycerin, Borbrinpherin  E.g. of buccal drug: Nicotine
  • 8. Drugs Enternal Oral Tabs Capsules Suspensions syrups Gels Elixirs Powders solutions Parenteral
  • 10.  Advantages  Convenient - can be self- administered, pain free, easy to take  Absorption - takes place along the whole length of the GI tract  Cheap - compared to most other parenteral routes
  • 11.  Disadvantages  Sometimes inefficient - only part of the drug may be absorbed  First-passeffect - drugs absorbed orally are initially transported to the liver via the portal vein  irritation to gastric mucosa - nausea and vomiting
  • 12.  Disadvantages cont.  destructionof drugs by gastric acid and digestive juices  effect too slowfor emergencies  unpleasant taste of some drugs  unable to use in unconscious patient ‫الهضمي‬ ‫الجهاز‬ ‫بحركية‬ ‫يتأثر‬‫و‬‫الطعام‬ ‫تناول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫أدوية‬ ‫بإعطاء‬(‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مث‬:‫قد‬‫ي‬‫فاقم‬ ‫الميتوكلوبراميد‬‫األدوية‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫امتصاص‬)‫وبمدى‬‫استقلب‬‫للدواء‬ ‫الكبد‬Er‫الممتص‬(‫تأثير‬ ‫األول‬ ‫العبور‬),‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مث‬:‫يتخرب‬75%‫من‬‫البروبرانول‬‫الممتص‬(‫ذلك‬ ‫من‬ ‫وأكثر‬ ‫للكيتامين‬)‫الكبد‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫األول‬ ‫العبور‬ ‫لدى‬. ‫بي‬ ‫األمعاء‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫كامل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫فعالية‬ ‫زال‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫حال‬ ‫كل‬ ‫على‬‫يتأثر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫نما‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫البعض‬
  • 13.  The first-pass effect is the term used for the hepatic metabolism of a pharmacological agent when it is absorbed from the gut and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation. The greater the first-pass effect, the less the agent will reach the systemic circulation when the agent is administered orally
  • 14. Magnitude of first pass hepatic effect: Extraction ratio (ER) ER = CL liver / Q ; where Q is hepatic blood flow (usually about 90 L per hour. Systemic drug bioavailability (F) may be determined from the extent of absorption (f) and the extraction ratio (ER): F = f x (1 -ER)
  • 16. DRUG TREE HARD CAPS. Drugs Enternal Oral Capsules Hardcapsules composedof twoparts, canbe packedpowderor granules
  • 17. DRUG TREE SOFTCAPS. Drugs Enternal Oral Capsules Soft capsules one piece. Containinga liquidor semisolidmaterial
  • 18. DRUG TREE SUSPENSIONS Drugs Enternal Oral suspension s Solidphase Liquidphase minimumdegreeof dissolution Parenteral suspensions Topica
  • 19. DRUG TREE SYRUPS Drugs Enternal Oral Syrups One phase Highly sugared Aqueous sol. Parenteral topical
  • 21. 1. unconscious patients and children 2. if patient is nauseous or vomiting 3. absorption may be variable 4. good for drugs affecting the bowel suchas laxatives 5. irritating drugs contraindicated •‫امتص‬ ‫لضمان‬ ‫المستقيم‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫الدواء‬ ‫يبقى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫شترط‬ُ‫ي‬‫اصه‬. •‫تمتص‬ ‫قد‬50%‫الدوران‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الدواء‬ ‫جرعة‬ ‫من‬‫الجهازي‬ ‫وال‬5%‫هذه‬ ‫تختلف‬ ‫عموما‬ ‫لكن‬ ‫البابي‬ ‫الدوران‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫دواء‬ ‫بين‬ ‫النسب‬‫و‬‫آخر‬.
  • 22. TOPICAL Drugs Topical Derma Gels Ointments Creams Pastes Powders Aerosols Lotions TD patches
  • 23. •Mucosal membranes (eye drops, antiseptic, sunscreen, callous removal, nasal, etc.) •Skin a. Dermal - rubbing in of oil or ointment (local action) b. Transdermal - absorption of drug through skin (systemic action) i. stable blood levels ii. no first pass metabolism iii. drug must be potent or patch becomes to large
  • 24. ‫الجلدية‬ ‫الصيدالنية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫من‬:Cream, ointment, gel, solution ‫الجلد‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫الصيدالنية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫من‬:Patchs‫اللصوقات‬‫األشكال‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تصمم‬ ‫الجلدية‬ ‫الدوران‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫العديدة‬ ‫بطبقاته‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫الدوائية‬ ‫المادة‬ ‫عبور‬ ‫لضمان‬‫الجهازي‬..‫رغم‬‫أن‬ ‫االمتصاص‬‫بطيئ‬‫مؤلم‬ ‫غير‬ ‫و‬ ‫موثوق‬ ‫لكنه‬.‫الطريق‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫المعطاة‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫من‬: -Fentanyl‫تطبق‬ ‫المزمن‬ ‫األلم‬ ‫لحاالت‬ ‫يستطب‬ ‫الذي‬‫اللصاقة‬‫ل‬72‫ساعة‬. -Scopolamine=‫الهيوسين‬‫تطبق‬‫اللصاقة‬‫مدار‬ ‫على‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫تحرر‬ ‫لتعطي‬‫ثللة‬‫أي‬‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫الغثيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬‫اإلقياء‬‫بعد‬ ‫تستطب‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السفر‬ ‫دوار‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ينجم‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الذي‬‫الجراحة‬ ‫من‬ ‫للوقاية‬‫اإلقياء‬‫المخدرات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجم‬.. -‫لصوقات‬‫النيكوتين‬..‫إلخ‬. ‫األخرى‬ ‫الموضعية‬ ‫األشكال‬ ‫من‬: ‫المهبلية‬:‫ومحاليل‬ ‫بويضات‬ ‫و‬ ‫كريمات‬..‫الفطرية‬ ‫كالصادات‬(‫كلوتريمازول‬)‫وال‬‫صادات‬ ‫الحيوية‬(‫كليندامايسين‬)‫الموضعية‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫مانعات‬ ‫و‬(‫بويضات‬‫نونوكسينول‬..) ‫الشرجية‬:‫مراهم‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحاميل‬(‫الشرجية‬ ‫البواسير‬ ‫لعلج‬ ‫كالمستخدمة‬)
  • 31. 1.gaseous and volatile agents and aerosols 2.rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation a.large surface area b.thin membranes separates alveoli circulation c.high blood flow Particles larger than 20 micron and the particles impact in the mouth and throat. Smaller than 0.5 micron and they aren't retained.
  • 32.  Respiratory system. Except for IN, risk hypoxia.  Intranasal (snorting) Snuff, cocaine may be partly oral via post- nasal dripping. Fairly fast to brain, local damage to septum. Some of the volatile gases also appear to cross nasal membranes.  Smoke (Solids in air suspension, vapors) absorbed across lung alveoli: Nicotine, opium, THC, freebase and crack cocaine, crystal meth.Particles or vapors dissolve in lung fluids, then diffuse. Longer action than volatile gases. Tissue damage from particles, tars, CO.  Volatilegases: Some anaesthetics (nitrous oxide, ether) [precise control], petroleum distillates. Diffusion and exhalation (alcohol).  Lung-based transfer may get drug to brain in as little as five seconds.
  • 34.  Intravascular (IV, IA)- placing a drug directly into the blood stream  Intramuscular (IM) - drug injected into skeletal muscle  Subcutaneous - Absorption of drugs from the subcutaneoustissues
  • 36. Absorption phase is bypassed (100%bioavailability) 1.precise, accurate and almost immediate onset of action, 2. large quantities can be given, fairly pain free 3. greater risk of adverse effects a. high concentration attained rapidly b. risk of embolism
  • 37. 1. very rapidabsorptionof drugs in aqueous solution 2.repository and slowrelease preparations 3.painat injection sites for certain drugs -‫الترا‬ ‫يؤذي‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كالبنسلين‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫لبعض‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫مؤلم‬‫كيب‬ ‫المجاورة‬ ‫التشريحية‬(‫الوركي‬ ‫العصب‬ ‫أذية‬) -‫امتصاص‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫مث‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫دائم‬ ‫موثوق‬ ‫االمتصاص‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫ال‬‫الديازيبا‬‫م‬‫لدى‬ ‫بالعضل‬ ‫حقن‬ ‫اإلعطاء‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫منه‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫الفموي‬ ‫التناول‬. -‫ا‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عضلي‬ ‫الحقن‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫فيما‬ ‫التأكد‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫يصعب‬ ‫قد‬‫لدى‬ ‫لجلد‬ ‫البدين‬ ‫المريض‬
  • 38. 1. slow and constant absorption 2. absorption is limited by blood flow, affected if circulatory problems exist 3. concurrent administration of vasoconstrictor will slow absorption
  • 39.  intravenous 30-60 seconds  intraosseous 30-60 seconds  endotracheal 2-3 minutes  inhalation 2-3 minutes  sublingual 3-5 minutes  intramuscular 10-20 minutes  subcutaneous 15-30 minutes  rectal 5-30 minutes  ingestion 30-90 minutes  transdermal (topical) variable (minutes to hours)
  • 40.  Oral - controlled-release, timed-release, sustained-release  designed to produce slow,uniform absorption for 8 hours or longer  better compliance, maintain effect over night, eliminate extreme peaks and troughs
  • 41.  Depot or reservoir preparations - parental administration (except IV), may be prolonged by using insoluble salts or suspensions in non-aqueous vehicles.
  • 42. The ROA is determined by the physical characteristics of the drug, the speed which the drug is absorbed and/ or released, as well as the need to bypass hepatic metabolism and achieve high conc. at particular sites Important Info
  • 43. No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances Very Important note!
  • 44. Polt ghraph of different dosage forms and it’s plazma concentrations