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Centre Number                               Candidate Number                         For Examiner’s Use


Surname

Other Names
                                                                                     Examiner’s Initials
Candidate Signature

                                                                                    Question      Mark

                                 General Certificate of Education                      1
                                 Advanced Subsidiary Examination
                                 June 2009                                             2

                                                                                       3
Psychology                                                          PSYA2              4
(Specification A)                                                                      5

                                                                                       6
Unit 2    Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and
          Individual Differences                                                       7

                                                                                       8
Friday 15 May 2009          1.30 pm to 3.00 pm
                                                                                       9
 You will need no other materials.
                                                                                      10
Time allowed                                                                          11
  1 hour 30 minutes
                                                                                      12
Instructions
  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.                                            TOTAL
  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
  Answer all questions.
  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written
  in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.
  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
  to be marked.
  If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.

Information
  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
  The maximum mark for this paper is 72.
  Question 8 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the
  space provided to plan your answer. In Question 8, you will be marked
  on your ability to:
  – use good English
  – organise information clearly
  – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.




(JUN09PSYA201)
                                                               G/K44361   6/6/6/3          PSYA2
Areas outside
                                                                          2                                                                                   the box will
                                                                                                                                                            not be scanned
                                                                                                                                                              for marking


                                  SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

                                                          Answer all questions.



                                                                                                   Total for this question: 3 marks

1 The following are features of the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary pathway.

   Tick the boxes next to three features of the sympathomedullary pathway.


       Noradrenaline


       Pituitary gland


       Adrenal cortex


       Adrenal medulla


       Sympathetic nervous system

       (Tick three boxes only)
                                                                                                                                          (3 marks)

                                                                                                                                                                  3

                                                                                                   Total for this question: 6 marks

2 Questionnaires have often been used in stress research to measure the impact of life changes
  on health.

   Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of using questionnaires in stress research.

   One advantage ...........................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

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    One disadvantage ......................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                         (3 marks + 3 marks)

                                                                                                                                                                   6

                                                                                                    Total for this question: 5 marks

3 During the last few months, Paula has suffered from headaches and colds, and has been
  having difficulty sleeping. She decided to keep a diary and found that her headaches, colds
  and sleep problems were associated with experiences such as having too much homework,
  losing house keys and being stuck in traffic.

3    (a) What is the name for these sorts of stress-related experiences?

            .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                            (1 mark)

3   (b) Use your knowledge of psychology to explain why Paula might be feeling unwell.

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                                                                                                                                          Turn over


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                                                                                                 Total for this question: 10 marks

4 Discuss one or more physiological methods of stress management.

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  (Extra space for Question 4) .......................................................................................................

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                                        SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

                                                          Answer all questions.



                                                                                                   Total for this question: 4 marks

5 Explain what is meant by locus of control.

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                                                                                                   Total for this question: 2 marks

6 It is Ani’s first day in a new job and he spends a lot of time watching to see what his
  colleagues are doing, so that he will fit in with them and be liked. Explain Ani’s behaviour
  in terms of compliance.

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                          (2 marks)
                                                                                                                                                                  2
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Areas outside
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                                                                                                Total for this question: 6 marks

7   (a) Outline one method that psychologists have used to study conformity.

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         .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                       (2 marks)

7   (b) Explain one limitation of this method.

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                                                                                                                                       (2 marks)

7   (c) Suggest an appropriate way of overcoming this limitation.

         .............................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                                       (2 marks)

                                                                                                                                                               6




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                                                                                                 Total for this question: 12 marks

8 Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of why people obey.

    You may use this space to plan your answer




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                                                                      12                                                                                   the box will
                                                                                                                                                         not be scanned
                                                                                                                                                           for marking


                                SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

                                                       Answer all questions.



                                                                                                Total for this question: 6 marks

9   (a) Describe key features of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.

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                                                                                                                                       (4 marks)

         (Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

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9   (b) Outline one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology.

         .............................................................................................................................................

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         .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                       (2 marks)

                                                                                                                                                               6




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Areas outside
                                                                       13                                                                                   the box will
                                                                                                                                                          not be scanned
                                                                                                                                                            for marking


                                                                                                 Total for this question: 6 marks

10 One way of defining abnormality is to see whether or not someone meets the criteria for
   mental health. Ivan has high self-esteem and a strong sense of identity.

10   (a) Describe two other criteria that you would expect Ivan to display if he were
         psychologically healthy.

          Criteria 1 ...........................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          Criteria 2 ...........................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

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          .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                      (2 marks + 2 marks)

10   (b) Outline one weakness of defining abnormality in terms of mental health.

          .............................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                                        (2 marks)

                                                                                                                                                                6



                                              Turn over for the next question




                                                                                                                                       Turn over


(13)
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Areas outside
                                                                       14                                                                                   the box will
                                                                                                                                                          not be scanned
                                                                                                                                                            for marking


                                                                                                 Total for this question: 8 marks

11 Sally often gets anxious for no apparent reason. She believes that people do not like her and
   becomes distressed when she has to meet strangers. She is very nervous when faced with
   new or unexpected situations. Sally has been referred to a therapist for psychoanalysis.

11   (a) Outline two techniques used in psychoanalysis.

          Technique 1 ......................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          Technique 2 ......................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                      (2 marks + 2 marks)

11   (b) Sally asks whether there are any problems with this therapy. What would you tell her?

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                        (2 marks)

11   (c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is another psychological therapy. Explain why this
         might be an appropriate therapy for Sally’s problems.

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................

          .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                        (2 marks)

                                                                                                                                                                8



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Areas outside
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                                                                                                                                                                for marking


                                                                                                     Total for this question: 4 marks

12 Describe the use of ECT (electro-convulsive therapy) in treating abnormality.

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     ......................................................................................................................................................         4



                                                        END OF QUESTIONS




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PSYA2 June 2009

  • 1. Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark General Certificate of Education 1 Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2009 2 3 Psychology PSYA2 4 (Specification A) 5 6 Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences 7 8 Friday 15 May 2009 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm 9 You will need no other materials. 10 Time allowed 11 1 hour 30 minutes 12 Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. TOTAL Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 8 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 8, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JUN09PSYA201) G/K44361 6/6/6/3 PSYA2
  • 2. Areas outside 2 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Answer all questions. Total for this question: 3 marks 1 The following are features of the pituitary-adrenal system and the sympathomedullary pathway. Tick the boxes next to three features of the sympathomedullary pathway. Noradrenaline Pituitary gland Adrenal cortex Adrenal medulla Sympathetic nervous system (Tick three boxes only) (3 marks) 3 Total for this question: 6 marks 2 Questionnaires have often been used in stress research to measure the impact of life changes on health. Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of using questionnaires in stress research. One advantage ........................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (02) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 3. Areas outside 3 the box will not be scanned for marking One disadvantage ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (3 marks + 3 marks) 6 Total for this question: 5 marks 3 During the last few months, Paula has suffered from headaches and colds, and has been having difficulty sleeping. She decided to keep a diary and found that her headaches, colds and sleep problems were associated with experiences such as having too much homework, losing house keys and being stuck in traffic. 3 (a) What is the name for these sorts of stress-related experiences? ............................................................................................................................................. (1 mark) 3 (b) Use your knowledge of psychology to explain why Paula might be feeling unwell. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Turn over (03) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 4. Areas outside 4 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 10 marks 4 Discuss one or more physiological methods of stress management. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (04) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 5. Areas outside 5 the box will not be scanned for marking ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (10 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Turn over (05) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 6. Areas outside 6 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space for Question 4) ....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 (06) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 7. Areas outside 7 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Answer all questions. Total for this question: 4 marks 5 Explain what is meant by locus of control. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Total for this question: 2 marks 6 It is Ani’s first day in a new job and he spends a lot of time watching to see what his colleagues are doing, so that he will fit in with them and be liked. Explain Ani’s behaviour in terms of compliance. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (2 marks) 2 Turn over (07) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 8. Areas outside 8 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 7 (a) Outline one method that psychologists have used to study conformity. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 7 (b) Explain one limitation of this method. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 7 (c) Suggest an appropriate way of overcoming this limitation. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 6 (08) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 9. Areas outside 9 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 12 marks 8 Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of why people obey. You may use this space to plan your answer ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Turn over (09) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 10. Areas outside 10 the box will not be scanned for marking ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) (10) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 11. Areas outside 11 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Turn over (11) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 12. Areas outside 12 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Answer all questions. Total for this question: 6 marks 9 (a) Describe key features of the behavioural approach to psychopathology. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 9 (b) Outline one limitation of the behavioural approach to psychopathology. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 6 (12) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 13. Areas outside 13 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 10 One way of defining abnormality is to see whether or not someone meets the criteria for mental health. Ivan has high self-esteem and a strong sense of identity. 10 (a) Describe two other criteria that you would expect Ivan to display if he were psychologically healthy. Criteria 1 ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Criteria 2 ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) 10 (b) Outline one weakness of defining abnormality in terms of mental health. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 6 Turn over for the next question Turn over (13) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 14. Areas outside 14 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 8 marks 11 Sally often gets anxious for no apparent reason. She believes that people do not like her and becomes distressed when she has to meet strangers. She is very nervous when faced with new or unexpected situations. Sally has been referred to a therapist for psychoanalysis. 11 (a) Outline two techniques used in psychoanalysis. Technique 1 ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Technique 2 ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) 11 (b) Sally asks whether there are any problems with this therapy. What would you tell her? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 11 (c) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is another psychological therapy. Explain why this might be an appropriate therapy for Sally’s problems. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) 8 (14) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 15. Areas outside 15 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 4 marks 12 Describe the use of ECT (electro-convulsive therapy) in treating abnormality. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 END OF QUESTIONS (15) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2
  • 16. 16 There are no questions printed on this page DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED Copyright © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (16) G/K44361/Jun09/PSYA2