1. Installation
techniques and
practices...
Sudheesh.S

2. Pre installation Planning
 Placement and Site Selection
 Air conditioning
 AC Power Interference
 AC Stabilizer
 Power supply capability
PC Model SMPS Wattage
PC – 8088 63.5W
PC/XT 130W
AT-286 192W
Celeron PC 200W
Pentium III PC 250W
Pentitum IV 300W
I3 400W
I7 550W

3. Installation practices
 Un packing and checking
 Removing a Mother board
 Removing and replacing the Daughter boards
 Removing the FDD, Mounting FDD
 Checking the PCB Boards
 Tighten the screws
 Incorrect setting of DIP switches
 Broken wires,Wrong connections
 Missing jumpers
 Physical damage to cabinet or peripherals

4. Routine checks
 Inspect the Hardware modules, PCB’s cables..etc
 FDD jumper – Drive Select
 FDD cable –Twist
 FDD terminator
 Memory jumpers
 Cable connector orientation
 Processor Heat sink/ Cooling fan
Assembling preparatory Steps
 Collecting Hardware & Software modules
 CollectingTools
 Choosing the non metallic surface work and moisture
free environment

5. Caution
 Power to the PC should be switch OFF on assembling
 Use rubber soled shoes to minimize the static charge
 Use a grounding (Anti-static) strap attached on wrist
 A CRT should be handled carefully while carry
 Some MB support more then one processor.
 Proper log should be maintained and entry
 Illegal software and un confirmed software may bring
the virus
 Don’t use unstabilized AC power
MERITS
Saving money, choosing exact configuration, ease of
future up gradation, gaining expertise

6. Installation Sequence
 System box preparation
 Motherboard stuffing: processor and processor fan
 Mother boards stuffing: DIMM, RAM
 Mother board placement and Installation
 IDE preparation : Master, Slave or cable select drive
 Disk drives/Other peripheral installation
 Daughterboard installation
 Cables installation
 Power connections
 BIOS set-up
 Loading OS and I/O Drivers
Tools
Screwdriver, flat screwdriver, pliers (needle nose) marker pen

7. Inside the system BOX

8. Inside the system BOX

9. PC Installation
 Step – 1: Configuring the Mother board
(Now a days all in Mother board)
 Step – II: Identifying the Connectors & cables
 Step – III:Adding the Memory Modules
 Step – IV: BIOS set – up
 Step –V: Configuring the IDE card
 Step –VI: Final Assembly and software
Installation

10. Problems with Installations
 If CPU was added to working motherboard,
check:
◦ Thermal paste between CPU and heat sink
◦ Fastening between cooler and motherboard frame
◦ Pins or lands on the socket and processor
 Things to check if new motherboard is not
working:
◦ Whether the front cover of the case is installed
◦ Whether the power switch on back of the case is on
◦ Incorrect connections
◦ Installation of CPU, thermal compound, and cooler
◦ Installation of all motherboard drivers on the CD

11. Connectors and cables
 Key Board Connector
 Power supply connector
 I/o connectors :
Parallel port, Serial Port, Floppy port,
Primary IDE and Secondary IDE Ports
 External Battery connector
 Infrared device connector (Mouse)
 Hard Disk LED connector
 Turbo Switch connector
 Reset Switch connector
 Turbo LED connector
 Speaker connector
 Key-lock and Power LED connector

12. Different BIOS setup’s
 Standard set – up : press <DEL> to enter setup
- Date/Time, Setting for Floppy Drive A & B
- Setting for Master HD & Slave HD
 Advanced Set – up :
- Keyboard & display settings, Mouse set – up
- System Boot-up NUM LOCK, System Boot Sequence
- Floppy drive seek at boot & drive swapping
- virus warning, CPU internal cache/External cache
- Quick power on self test(POST)
- Boot sequence
- Swap FD, Boot up Floppy seek, Boot up NUM LOCK status
- Boot up system speed
- Gate A20 System Speed – (HMA) High memory area

13.  Chipset set-up :
- cache memory settings
- Auto Configuration
- DRAM cycle time selection
- MA(Memory address) wait state
- CPU to PCI IDE posting
- System BIOS cacheable – F0000 – FFFFF
-Video BIOS cacheable – C0000 to C0FFF
-Video RAM cacheable
- 8 bit and 16 bit I/O recovery time – delays
- AGP Aperture (portion of PCI MA) Size (MB)
- CPU warning temperature
- Current chassis (RPM) for CPU FAN speed

14.  Power management:
- Enable/Disable (APM) Automatic Power management
Mode
- Sleep mode time out, Suspend mode time out
-VGA Power down, HDD Power Down
 TOOLS

15. CMOS/BIOS Errors
 The complementary metal oxide
semiconductor (CMOS) or non-
volatile random access memory
(NVRAM) stores the systems
startup configurations and
parameters.
 To access the CMOS setup utility,
press the setup key during the
boot process.
 The setup key must be pressed
early in the boot process, or the
system will load the installed OS.
 The CMOS setup key is usually
F1, F2, or Delete.

16. CMOS/BIOS Errors
 Clearing the CMOS memory is useful
when the computer will not boot at all.
 The easiest way is to clear memory is
to remove the CMOS battery.
1. Turn off the power on the computer.
2. Remove the CMOS battery from the
motherboard.
3. Short the negative and positive
connections (terminals) of the battery
location on the motherboard
4. Replace the CMOS battery in its
original position on the motherboard.
5. Turn the power on (reboot) the system.

17. Overview of
Field Replaceable Units (FRUs

18. CPUs
 CPUs must be set to receive
the correct voltages to run
properly.
 That use Socket 5, Socket 7 or
Super Socket 7 chips need to
use voltage regulators.
 Typically, the voltage
regulators are built into the
board.
 They must be set at the
proper voltage, or the CPU
can be damaged.
 Staggered pin grid array

19. RAM
 Some motherboards require
memory modules to be
installed in a particular slot
order, or jumpers to be set
(SIMMs, DIMMs, and RIMMs).

20. Power Supply Issues
 The power supply converts
the current coming from the
wall jack from alternating
current (AC) into direct
current (DC).
 An onboard fan attached to
most power supplies cools the
power supply and internal
components.

21. Box Cooling Issues
 Computer components are
susceptible to heat.
 The components operate at high
speeds and in tight spaces.
 The computer case plays an
important role in cooling the
internal components and is
designed with cooling features.
 Computer cases have air intake
vents, which are usually cut into
the sides or front of the cases.

22. What isTroubleshooting?
 Effective troubleshooting
uses techniques to diagnose
and then fix computer
problems.
 A series of logical steps
speeds up the
troubleshooting process.
 Rarely will simply guessing
potential solutions for a
problem work.
 Troubleshooting is a cycle.

23. Problems with the
Motherboard and Processor
 Some symptoms of impending failure
◦ The system begins to boot but then powers down
◦ IntermittentWindows or hard drive errors occur
 First troubleshooting task to perform
◦ Update drivers of components not working
◦ Use support CD bundled with motherboard
 A few other tasks to perform if update does not
work
◦ Change power saving features, such as sleep mode
◦ Check jumpers, DIP switches, CMOS settings
◦ Exchange the processor

24. Trouble shooting the Mother board
 Check the SMPS power cable & DCVoltage cables
 Check whether Keyboard is connected properly
 Check the Monitor and signal cables are connected Properly
 Check the CMOS setting are set proper configuration
 Check the driver power cable and data cable
 Check all the Daughter Boards inserted properly
 Check the RESET Switch connected Properly
 Check KEYBOARD LOCK is Positioned Properly
 Check the all IC’s are inserted in the bases Properly
 Check the good Boot disk is available in drive A
 Check the Speaker connector in connected Properly

25. Trouble shooting the Key board
 Possible Problems:
- Complete Non operation, Non operation of some keys
- Broken (or) struck Keys, Keyboard Interface Problems
- Keyboard connector Problem, Keyboard Cable Problem
 Diagnostic Software:
- Checking of make and break scan codes for all Keys
- Check the Status of NUM Lock, CAPS Lock, SCROLL Lock
 Some Problem & Diagnostic:
- Interface Problem  check the SMD IC & replace
- Non Operation  check the PCB, Dry Soldering
- Broken & struck keys  Feather touch (or) soft Touch
- Connector Problem  Pins Replace the Keyboard

26. Trouble shooting Floppy disk Drive
 Possible Problems on FD:
- Display the directory of Diskette which was
Previously in the drive
- will not read the drive, Error during the Reading
- New drive will not recognize by the System
 Diagnosis procedure :
- check the jumper setting for disk change line
- check the data & Power cable, drive may be dirty
- Possible drive logic & controller failure
- Misalignment of drive (or) disk
- check CMOS setting & signal cables

27. Trouble shooting Hard disk Drive
 Possible Problems on HD:
- system is not booting from the Hard disk
- disk performance is slow
- system displays “ No fixed disk present”
- scan disk report the Hard disk Problem
 Diagnosis procedure :
- Check CMOS setting & run the SETUP and auto detect
- Buffers set too low in CONFIG.SYS (Increase)
- Run scan disk program to arrange the data proper
manner
- Enter the CMOS setup check the POST & make sure there
is no IRQ conflicts
- run windows set up with /ls parameter.

28. Audio Error codes

29. Advancements in Nanotechnology Could
Lead to Smaller Processors,Denser Storage
 A team from the University of Pittsburgh reported
they have achieved a way to make transistors a fraction
of the size of those used in today's silicon-based chips.
Using layers of lanthanum aluminate and strontium
titanate sandwiched together the team was successful in
creating the miniature transistors and claim the
technology could be used to produce the atom size
transistors in the future.
 A second team from team from the University of
Massachusetts Amherst and the University of California
Berkeley reported finding a way to make a a thin
semiconductor film capable of storing the equivalent of
250 DVDs on a surface the size of a quarter.