1. CHAPTER 1: Byzantine and
Muslim Civilizations
SECTION 2: The Beginnings of Islam

2. VOCABULARY
•Nomads: People who have no
permanent home but move from
place to place
•Oasis: Green area within a desert
fed by underground water
•Caravan: Large groups of traders
traveling across the desert
•Prophet: A person who is regarded
as speaking for god

3. VOCABULARY
•Mosque: Muslim house of worship
•Quran: The holy book of Islam
Continued

4. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
•Covered by desert
•Nomadic Bedouins make their home here
•Bedouins travel from oasis to oasis

5. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
•Knowledge of desert allows Bedouins to
become guides for caravans on trading routes
•Caravans depend upon camels
•City of Mecca becomes most important in
Arabia
Continued

6. Maps of
Saudi
Arabia

7. THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD
• Born in Mecca around 570
AD to a poor family
• 610 AD he goes into a cave in
the mountains to pray
• An angel visits Muhammad
in the cave
• Tells him people must stop
worshipping many false gods
• They must worship the one
true god, Allah

8. THE PROPHET MUHAMMADContinued
• Muhammad tells his story and
becomes a prophet
• People who accepted the
teaching of Muhammad were
called Muslims
• The religion of the Muslims is
called Islam
• Many people converted to
Islam
• Leaders of Mecca were afraid
and kicked Muhammad out

9. THE PROPHET MUHAMMADContinued
• 622 AD Muhammad is
invited to the city of
Yathrib
• Muhammad and his
followers move north to
Yathrib
• This is known as the Hijra
or “great migration”
• Yathrib is renamed
Medina, “The City of the
Prophet”

10. Maps of
Saudi
Arabia
Hijra

11. Maps of
Saudi
Arabia

12. THE PROPHET MUHAMMADContinued
• 630 AD
Muhammad
returns to Mecca
in triumph –
Everyone in
Arabia becomes
a Muslim

13. MUSLIM BELIEF
• Muslims worship in a mosque
• The holy book of Islam is called the Quran

14. PILLAR DESCRIPTION
Declaration of Faith Declare the one and only God is
Allah
Prayer Pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
Almsgiving Give money to the needy
Fasting Fast during daylight on the
month of Ramadan
Pilgrimage Make at least one pilgrimage to
Mecca
MUSLIM BELIEFContinued
• The 5 Pillars (Duties) of Islam

16. A SPLIT AMONG MUSLIMS
• 632 AD Muhammad dies
• A new ruler is elected to lead
the Muslim people
• The third leader is
assassinated
• Two different ideas on how to
replace this leader

17. REPLACEMENT
OF LEADER
LEADERSHIP FOLLOWING
SHIITES Direct
descendant of
Muhammad
One person 15% of
Muslims
SUNNIS Anyone from
Muhammad’s
tribe
Group of
scholars help
leader
85% of
Muslims
A SPLIT AMONG MUSLIMS
Continued
• The Muslims schism into Shiites and Sunnis