This is my presentation of Noahide Laws - the seven universal laws that precede the Ten Commandments included in 613 Commandments of traditional Judaism.
The lecture is in Polish (with some few pages in English). Should someone find interest in this ideas - please contact me at sopekmir@makolab.pl
3. Wykład ten powstał na podstawie lektur i rozmów z ortodoksyjnymi Żydami z Hajfy.
4. Najważniejszą była książka Rabinów: Chaima Clorfene oraz Yakov’aRogalsky’ego:„ThePath of TheRighteous Gentile”
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8. Judaizm podchodzi do kwestii jedności świata z zupełnie innej perspektywy:
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10. Ponadto, zgodnie z nauczaniem Talmudu, B-g nałożył na Noego wiążący zestaw praw, który był przeznaczony dla całej ludzkości (Sanhedrin)
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12. Wg. Talmudu Źródłem 6 tych praw jest zapis z księgi rodzaju (Gen. 2:16-17)16I przykazał Wiekuisty, Bóg, człowiekowi i rzekł: „Z każdego drzewa ogrodu pożywać możesz; 17Ale z drzewa poznania dobrego i złego, — pożywać zeń nie będziesz; bo gdy spożyjesz z niego — umrzesz!” Źródłem 7ego prawa jest zakaz spożywania żywego zwierzęcia dany Noemu (Gen. 9:4-6)
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15. PRAWA NOEGO In English: I - Prohibition against idolatry II - Prohibition against blasphemy III - Prohibition against murder IV - Prohibition against sexual immorality V-Prohibition against theft VI - Prohibition against eating the limb of a living animal VII – Order to establish courts of justice
16. PRAWA NOEGO Prawa Noego wg. Majmonidesa (Rambam) Źródło: MishnehTorah, Prawa Królów i ich Wojen, Rozdział 9: Adam HaRishon was commanded in six things: [the prohibition] concerning idolatry [the prohibition] concerning blasphemy [the prohibition] concerning spilling of blood [the prohibition] concerning forbidden relations [the prohibition] concerning robbery and [the injunction of establishing courts of] justice. Even though all these were received into our hands from Moshe Rabbenu, and the intelect naturally inclines towards them – from a general reading of the words of Torah, they can see that they were commanded in these. [G-d] added to Noah [the commandment] concerning a torn limb, as it is written "From the flesh, its life is in the blood, do not eat" (Genesis 9:4). This makes seven commandments. This is how matters stood in the world until Avraham. Avraham came and was commanded other things beyond this, in circumcision and he prayed the morning prayers. Yitzchak began tithing, and added the afternoon prayers. Yaakov added [the prohibition of not eating] the sciatic nerve and prayed the evening prayers. In Egypt, Amram was commanded other things, until Moshe Rabbenu came and completed [the giving] of the Torah, by his hand. I
17. PRAWA NOEGO Prawa Noego wg. Majmonidesa (Rambam) Źródło: MishnehTorah, Prawa Królów i ich Wojen, Rozdział 9: Adamowi HaRishonzakazano sześciu rzeczy: [zakaz] bałwochwalstwa[zakaz] dotyczący bluźnierstwa[zakaz] dotyczący rozlewu krwi[zakaz] w sprawie stosunków zabronionych[zakaz] w sprawie napadui [nakaz] ustanowienia sądów sprawiedliwości. Nawet jeśli wszystkie te wpłynęły w nasze ręce z MosheRabbenu i intelekt naturalnie skłania się ku nim – ogólne czytanie słowa Tory, dowodzi, że były one nakazane w tym zakresie. B-g dodał Noemu [przykazanie] rozrywanych kończyn, jak jest napisane: "Z ciała, którego życie jest we krwi, nie wolno ci jeść" (Rdz 9,4). To sprawia, że jest siedem przykazań. To jest w jaki sposób sprawy stały na świecie aż do czasu Avrahama. Avrahamprzyszedł i miał nakazane inne sprawy poza tym, np. obrzezanie i modlitwy poranne. Izaak rozpoczął dziesięciny i dodał modlitwy popołudniowej. Jakub dodał [zakaz jedzenia] nerwu kulszowego i modlitwy wieczorne. W Egipcie, Amramowi (Ojcowi Mojżesza) nakazano wiele innych rzeczy aż do MosheRabbenuktóry przyszedł i zakończone zostało [udzielania] Tory, przez jego ręce. I
18. PRAWA NOEGO Prawa Noego a 613 Mitzwot Na podstawie „Tarjagmicwot” Wydanie FundacjiLaudera, Kraków 2000 I
19. PRAWA NOEGO – czy tylko ? Nagroda za spełnianie praw: When one of the Children of Noah resolves to fulfill the Seven Universal Commandments, his or her soul is elevated. This person becomes one of the ChasideiUmotha‑Olam, the Pious Ones of the Nations, and receives a share of the Eternal World. The Holy Scriptures call one who accepts the yoke of fulfilling the Seven Universal Laws a gertoshav, a proselyte of the gate. This person is permitted to live in the Land of Israel and to enter the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and to offer sacrifices to the God of Israel. When one of the Children of Noah engages in the study of the Seven Universal Laws, he is able to attain a spiritual level higher than the High Priest of the Jews, who alone has the sanctity to enter the Holy of Holies in the Temple in Jerusalem. I
20. PRAWA NOEGO – czy tylko ? Postawa w spełnianiu praw: The responsibility of The Seven Noahide Laws is a yoke of faith in God. This means that the laws must be observed solely because God commanded them. If the Children of Noah observe these Seven Universal Laws for any reason or intention other than to fulfill God's will, the performance is invalid and no divine reward is received. This means that if one of the Children of Noah says, "These laws seem sensible and beneficial, therefore I will observe them," his actions accomplish nothing and he receives no reward. I
21. PRAWA NOEGO – czy tylko ? Ale …. : Although the Children of Noah are commanded only concerning the Seven Universal Commandments, they are permitted to observe any of the 613 Commandments of the Torah for the sake of receiving divine reward. The exceptions to this are: a.Observing the Sabbath in the manner of the Jews (resting from the actions that were needed for the building of the Tabernacle during the Exodus from Egypt) b. Observing the Jewish holy days in the manner of the Jews c. Studying those parts of the Torah that do not apply to the Noahides’ service of God d. Writing a Torah scroll (the Five Books of Moses) or receiving an aliyahto the Torah (reading a portion of the Torah at a public gathering) e. Making, writing, or wearing tefilin, the phylacteries worn during prayer that contain portions of the Torah f. Writing or affixing a mezuzah, the parchment containing portions of the Torah, to one's doorposts or gateposts I
22. PRAWA NOEGO – czy tylko ? Studiowanie świętych ksiąg: A prime purpose of the Seven Universal Laws is to teach the Children of Noah about the Oneness of God, and therefore those parts of Torah that pertain to this knowledge are permissible for him to study. This includes the entirety of the twenty‑four books of the Hebrew Scriptures. Also, the study of any part of the Torah that brings one to greater knowledge concerning the performance of the Seven NoahideCommandments is permissible. But Talmudic or Halakhic study of subjects that pertain exclusively to the Jew's service of God is forbidden. The Noahide who studies portions of the Torah that do not pertain to him damages his soul. I
33. Zakaz stosunków cielesnych z : matką, ojcem, córką, siostrą, bratem, siostrą ojca lub matki, żoną ojca, brata lub siostry, siostrą żony, przybraną córką, synową
48. In what way must [Noahides] fulfill the commandment to establish courts of justice? They are obligated to set up judges and magistrates in every major city to judge according to the above six laws, to warn the nation [regarding their observance];
62. Whereas Congress recognizes the historical tradition of ethical values and principles which are the basis of civilized society and upon which our great Nation was founded;
63. Whereas these ethical values and principles have been the bedrock of society from the dawn of civilization, when they were known as the Seven Noahide Laws;
64. Whereas the Lubavitch movement has fostered and promoted these ethical values and principles throughout the world;
65. Whereas Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, leader of the Lubavitch movement, is universally respected and revered and his eighty-ninth birthday falls on March 26, 1991;
66. Whereas in tribute to this great spiritual leader, `the rebbe', this, his ninetieth year will be seen as one of `education and giving', the year in which we turn to education and charity to return the world to the moral and ethical values contained in the Seven Noahide Laws; and
67. Whereas this will be reflected in an international scroll of honor signed by the President of the United States and other heads of state: Now, therefore, be it
68. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That March 26, 1991, the start of the ninetieth year of Rabbi MenachemSchneerson, leader of the worldwide Lubavitch movement, is designated as `Education Day, U.S.A.'. The President is requested to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe such day with appropriate ceremonies and activities.