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UK History 1042 – 1900
History – Phoenicians, North Africans in Roman times traded tin with Cornwall and
Wales. Immigrants, the Phoenicians came to Wales and Cornwall to trade, thousands
of years ago. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK)
1042-1066 – Coronation of King Edward the Confessor in 1042. Before assuming the
throne Edward spent 24 years in exile in Normandy. Edwards death was on 5 January
1066. Harold was then crowned King at Westminster Abbey. (History’s greatest hits.
Joseph Cummins ©2007)
1066 – Arrival of William I of Normandy, William the Conquerer in the UK. He had
an entourage from the Normandy’s French Jewish community as financiers to his
court. (My ancestors were Jewish ©2008 Antony Joseph UK)
14 October 1066 – The Anglo Saxons had controlled England since the 5th century.
After migrating there from Scandinavia or Germany. They were faced with a mass
invasion of their lands by the Normans from northern France who intended to stay.
The Normans had emerged as a regional power. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph
Cummins ©2007)
1133-1215 – The Plantagenets were a noble family and rulers of England since 1133.
John was born on Christmas eve 1166. The youngest of eight children of Eleanor of
Aquitaine and King Henry II of England. Richard died 1199 and John was crowned
king. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph Cummins ©2007)
1139 – 1899 – A list of high sheriffs of Cornwall inscriptions UK (Family tree mag
Sept 2010)
1205 – Roger Priur. Curia Regis rolls of Suffolk during the reign of King John.
January 1215 – Nobles, Barons gathered at a secret meeting at Dunmow castle in
Essex, the home of Lord Robert Fitzwalter Earls and Bishops. Ruler of the realm was
King John. Heavy taxes and the magna carta. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph
Cummins ©2007).
1337 – In Cornwall where our Pryor ancestors lived the Pryor name is mentioned in
Cornwall as far back as 1337 when a Nicholas Prior is mentioned. Dutchy of
Cornwall.
13th century – Before the Middle Ages people had only one name. It was only in the
13th century that surnames began to be used in England. We call unmarried women
spinsters because they earned their living by spinning wool. A major source of British
wealth in the Middle Ages. (How to trace your family tree. Anness pub ltd ©2005).
1348 – Black death. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK).
1377 – The Gatehouse at Thornton abbey in North Lincolnshire is a good example.
The oldest bricks in England are the ones left behind by the Romans, until the 13th
2
century the only bricks used in England were recycled Roman bricks. From the late
13th century bricks were made in England . (Practical family history December 2009).
1377-1381 – The poll tax records those of Richard II also in 1379 and 1381 sources of
tax info. The paper trail. (Practical family history mag December 2009)
1476 – The first English printing press was begun by William Caxton in Westminster.
(The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK).
1485-1509 – Land tax in the feet of fines medieval genealogy UK (Family tree mag
Sept 2010)
1490-1951 – Albert Montefiore Hyamson. The Sephardin of England. The study of
Spanish and Portugueze Jewish community. London reprint 1991.
1500-1700 – How to read local archives. FG Emmison. London Historical association
1967.
15th to 18th century – The change to English style surnames began with the gentry. So
occupational surnames did not appear as in England change to surnames. (Practical
family history August 2009)
1521-1603 – Census substitutes Fiants of the Tudor sovereigns, basic records. (How
to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK).
1538 – Archives Parish registers were introduced. (Practical family history December
2009)
1538 – Thomas Beckett, Henry VIII chief minister, introduced Parish registers. The
first time many families had their names recorded in writing. (The people detective
©2001 T McGregor UK).
1538-1838 – Parish registers baptisms, marriages and burials. A source until 1838.
Many have not survived. Baptisms not births and burials not deaths. (The people
detective ©2001 T McGregor UK).
1538 – Henry VIII decreed that each of 11,000 UK parishes should keep registers of
baptisms, marriages and burials of its inhabitants from 1538 onwards. Few survive
before 1558 when they started being kept on sheepskin instead of paper and even
fewer survive before the 1600’s. From 1598 annual copies were made and sent to
local bishops. (Tracing your family history. Anthony Adolph ©2007).
1538 – Thomas Beckett, Henry VIII chief minister, introduced Parish registers. The
first time many families had their names recorded in writing. (The people detective
©2001 T McGregor UK).
1538 – Archives. Parish registers were introduced in 1538 (Practical family history
December 2009)
3
1538 – 1838 – Parish registers baptisms, marriages and burials main source until
1838. Many have not survived. They were baptisms not births and burials not deaths.
(The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK)
1550 – 1920 – Family history Scotland Trade me $20 DVD’s Scottish reference
library of books on DVD.
1558 – Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 and the church of England
established. She was aged 27 in 1559. Piracy and documents, slave traders, British
empire. (Empires children ©2009 Anton Gill).
1573-1590 – Appointment of Sir Frances Walsingham as secretary of State for Queen
Elizabeth I. Walsingham died in 1590, nearly bankrupt. (Secret wars ©2009 G
Thomas US).
1575 – 1834 – UK prisons by the 13th century to hold debtors as houses of correction
established in 1575 held homeless and unmarried mothers, workhouses asylums, and
the poor. The result is they vanish from society, poor people asylums hospitals
workhouses for the poor. Records are closed for 100 years workhouses. The poor law
amendment act of 1834 poor people, paupers under a workhouse, out of sight out of
mind. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK).
11 June 1583 – Mining specialists on ships. Silver and gold was reported. The fleet
left Cawsand bay Cornwall on 11 June 1583 Raleigh’s ship had to turn back to the
UK for supplies. Mining equipment and supplies. Mission pursuit of minerals
Humphrey Gilbert ship. (Lost explorers. Ed Wright UK no date).
8 February 1587 – Mary Stuart Queen of Scots was beheaded at Fotheringham castle,
after spending 19 years as a prisoner of Elizabeth I (Practical family history February
2010).
1600-1900 – Three hundred years of embroidery. Pauline Johnson. Wakefield press
1986. ISBN 0-9492-6881-x
16th-19th century – The Parish was responsible for relief of poverty, collection of tithes
and recruits for the army. (How to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell
UK).
1603-1901 – Baptisms of illegitimate children in Cornwall various parishes on a CD.
(Family tree mag Sept 2010)
1603 – 1908 – The trail your ancestors left. Newspapers the Times for 1790 to 1908
British newspaper library. London newspapers from 1603 to 1800. (The people
detective ©2001 T McGregor UK).
1606 – Ships chartered by Elizabeth 1 are instructed to purchase the finest Indian
opium and transport it back to England. (Narconon int ©2010).
1609-1625 – James Bagg was Vice Admiral of Cornwall. England was attacked by
the Islamic corsairs of Barbary. Villages were at prayers and Christians were
4
kidnapped by the Islamic corsairs. Cornwall villages. North African Corsairs.
Villagers were carried off into slavery, taken to Sale on Morrocco,s Atlantic coast,
Rabat town, New Sale. Between 1609 and 1616 Muslims captured many English
slaves. Muslims who hated Christians. White slavery and female sex slavery. (White
gold. Giles Milton ©2004 UK)
1610-1646 – White Christian slaves. By 1643 so many slaves were being held. The
UK parliament ordered churches to collect money to buy back the slaves. By the
1640’s at least 3,000 English people were taken to Barbary Moroccan port of Sale.
Also in the Turkish regions of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. Ottoman sultan. White
slaves were found in Alexandria, Cairo and Istanbul. In 1646 Edmund Cason went to
Algiers to buy back Christian slaves, female sex slaves cost more to buy back. (White
gold. Giles Milton ©2004 UK)
1625 – 1627 – Christian sex slaves were called concubines. They were sold in North
Africa. 1626 the year after their raids in Cornwall and Devon. In 1625 King Charles I
sent John Harrison to Sale Morocco where English slaves were being held. Sir Henry
Marton was a lawyer and Cornish member of parliament. Sale Corsairs. Sidi
Mohammed el-Ayyadhi was revered by Sale slave traders and anti-Christian Muslims
in Morocco. March 1627 Harrison and Sidi Mohammed held talks in Sale. (White
gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
July 1625 – Christian slaves in Morocco, female sex slaves of the Sultan Moulay
Ismail, harems in North Africa, where white slaves were held. Slave auctions with
salves seized at sea, or from their homes in Europe. Tortured and forced to convert
from Christians to Muslims. Cornwall’s south western coasts. England was attacked
by Islamic Corsairs of Barbary. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1627-1637 – Islamic sultan in Sale Morocco and King Charles I in the UK. Sidi
Mohammed ordered attacks on the English coastline. The Sale Corsairs depended on
the slave trade for their livelihood. In May 1635 more than 150 English people were
kidnapped and tortured. 1,200 slaves in Sale and 27 female sex slaves. 1637 February
sailed for New Sale. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1631 - Barbary pirates in 1631 Murad Rais Southern Ireland. 200 Islamic troops in
the village of Baltimore. 237 men, women and children were slaves sent to Algiers
Christians at the slave auctions. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1635 – Royal mail began. (Family skeletons ©2005 R Paley S Fowler UK)
1635 – Charles I opens royal mail to his subjects to obtain revenue. The paper trail.
(Practical family history December 2009).
1640 – Lightening killed a dog, at the feet of one kneeling to receive the cup, at St
Anthony-in-Meneage, Cornwall. (mag practical family history July 2003 UK p18)
1650s – 100,000 Irish children sold for slaves during the 1650’s. Children between 10
and 14 years of age were taken from their parents and sold for slaves in Virginia and
New England. 52,000 women and children were sold as slaves to Virginia. (Irish
Examiner by Conall O Fatharta 29 January 2013).
5

1653 – Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Cromwell’s spies were landowners in Ireland amid famine. (Secret wars ©2009 G
Thomas US)
1656 – Since 1656 the immigration of Jews to the UK, and settlement there, followed
general migration patterns. Records were written in Hebrew. (My ancestors were
Jewish ©2008 Anthony Joseph UK)
1660-1685 – The oldest newspaper in Ireland gives an account of chief events.
February 1660 Sir Charles Cote, and a newsletter in Dublin in 1685. (How to trace
your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK)
1663 – 1807 – The guinea coin was first seen in 1663. Trading to Africa dealt mainly
in slaves, traded in slaves until 1731 when the trade changed to Ivory and Gold.
Provided gold to the Royal mint from 1668 to 1722. The slave trade flourished until
abolition in 1807. (Empires children ©2007 Anton Gill).
1666 – The year London caught fire. People started settling elsewhere, saying it was
less likely to be built again, records in dairies.(mag practical family history July 2003
UK)
1674 – The old Bailey session papers accounts of trials 1674-1913 search on
www.oldbaileyonline.org. (Practical family history August 2009).
1681 – Scores of English ships had been seized over the years and their crews
disappeared without trace. Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail held English slaves in
Morocco. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1682 – 11 January 1682 King Charles II sent to Morocco an embassy. Issue of
English slaves in Morocco. A treaty was signed in March 1682 concerning English,
Welsh, Scottish and Irish slaves. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1685 – King Charles II died. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1698-1798 – The Society for the promotion of Christian knowledge SPCK founded a
program, to build and develop charity schools for poor children, including girls. In the
first 30 years of the 18th century the SPCK 1500 schools many in south Wales and
Scotland. Sunday schools at Stockport 3,000 children the 1789-1920 registers names
ages on microfilm, they have not been indexed, some later registers to 1964. (Practical
family history mag August 2003 UK)
1700 – An index of wills proved in the archdeaconry court of London 1700-1807 Cliff
Webb.
1700 – Smuggling a history 1700-1970 David Phillipson Rosemary Pugh 1973.
1700-1840 – Smuggling in Kent and Sussex. Mary Waugh ©1985.
1700-1850 – Smuggling in Hampshire and Dorset. Geoffrey Morley ©1983.
6

17th century – The slave trade lasted from 17th to 19th century, basis of wealth for
Liverpool and Bristol. Ships left England for the coast of west Africa, slaves taken by
Arab traders. Slaves were densely packed into the holds of ships in bad conditions.
(Empires children ©2009 Anton Gill).
1700’s – Many babies and children were abandoned by their parents in Georgian and
Victorian times. Orphanages, hospitals and homes were built. Some starved to death
on the streets or in the workhouse. Ancestors orphans or adopted, photos records.
(Family history monthly mag march 2002).
11 July 1705 – Josiah Hill male born London UK. (See PAF file for notes about Hill).
1715 – Real pirates explains the intersection of slavery and piracy. The “Whydah”
pirate ship sank on Cape Cod USA 26 April 1717. It was built in Britain in 1715 as a
commercial ship to carry slaves from West Africa to the Caribbean. Slave trade and
piracy on the “Whydah”. Needles used to brand 700 slaves. The inhumanity of
trafficking. A branding iron and manacles. (onmilwaukee.com 17 Dec 2012 Real
pirates Milwaukee public museum 27 May 2013).
1715 – The Moors who attacked the Cornish coastline for so long, a large number of
captive slaves held in Barbary, many of them from Cornwall. Many of the English
vessels that had put to sea in 1715 were captured by the Corsairs. Captain John
Stocker’s ship the “Sarah” was captured at the end of March 1715, 15 crew were
taken as slaves to Sale Morocco. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK)
1716 – Summer a Cornish cabin boy named Thomas Pellow, and 51 others, were
captured at sea by Islamic slave traders from North Africa.. (White gold ©2004 Giles
Milton UK)
1718-1761 – Our first known ancestor is Anthony Pryor, born about 1718 in the reign
of George I. He married Avis Thomas in Wendron Cornwall on 19 October 1743. The
village has one of the longest histories of tin mining of any district in Cornwall back
to the 16th century. He and Avis had at least nine children all born in Wendron. Finally
Anthony was born in 1761, 17 years after his parents married.
1720-1840 – Cornwall parish registers Illogan 1720-1812 CD $21 and Cornwall
parish registers Illogan 1813-1840 CD $21. (Australia family tree Sept 2010)
1726-1831 – Bethnal house lunatic asylum opened as a private madhouse in Kirbys
castle in 1726. The building was extended by 1777 and called the White house. By
1831 a red house for men and a white house for women inmates. Bethnal Green
asylum housed 614 people, 558 of them inmates in 1851. It had 410 beds for men
from 1896. In 1901 there were 203 inmates and 60 staff. The asylum closed in 1920.
(Australia family tree Sept 2010).
1732 – Katherine Creuze female born London UK
December 1732 – Ann Hill born London Mix Eng.
7
1733 – Until 1733 most, if not all, manorial records were in Latin. Before 1733 Latin
was the official language of church and law. Parish registers were written in Latin.
Palaeography. (Practical family history February 2010).
1733 – Any official document that predates 1733 is likely to be written in Latin.
Handwriting language (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK).
1734 – Locating treasure. Parishes in the UK, a farsighted system of record keeping
survived. Historians and specific info. There were food riots in Cornwall. (Practical
family history August 2009).
1734-1837 – Lloyds list shipping news, weekly in 1734 and by 1837 daily
publication. Some issues have not survived. Trace movement of ships around the
world. (Family tree mag Sept 2010 UK)
1737 – The Belfast newsletter was first published. Its one of the oldest continuously
published newspapers in the world. Linen Hall library Belfast. (How to trace your
Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK)
1740-1940 – Betty Naggar. Jewish peddlers and hawkers. Camberley Porphyrogenitus
1992.
19 October 1743 – Avis Thomas married Anthony Pryor in Wendron Con England.
1744 – Catherine Rabaud died London Eng.
8 September 1748 – Marmaduke William Norris born Ludlow England
1749 – Smuggling and smugglers in Sussex. The genuine history of the Gentlemen
and Chichester.
1750’s – Smuggling in Devon and Cornwall. The Sicilly isles became dependent on
smuggling for its economy. Smuggling was a Cornish activity and in Cornwall tin ore
was mined. A famous family that operated out of Prussia cove near praa Sands in
Cornwall was the Carter family. John Carter was head of the family. Another family
mentioned was a devout Methodist preacher despite his interests in contraband
material. The Carters of Prussia cove. (p32-33 Family history monthly June 2008
UK.)
1752 – The murder act of 1752 said a criminal was to be hanged within 48 hours of
sentencing. (Practical family history August 2009).
1757-1784 – Pawnbroking was regulated by an Act of 1757 for crime related to
pawning goods. In 1784 a new Act specified the charges. Pawnbroking was a way of
getting money. Records. (Practical family history mag August 2003 UK)
7 February 1758 – Margery Waters married Richard Pryor in Crowan Con England.
8
1760 – England’s canals became important in the 1760’s and grew rapidly until the
middle of the 19th century. Then faded as new railways became established. (Practical
family history August 2003 UK)
1761-1787 – Anthony Pryor was baptised in Wendron 13 December 1761 in the
second year of the reign of George III. When Anthony was 19 he married Margery
(who also had the maiden name of Pryor), Wendron 29 January 1787.
29 June 1761 – Louisa Ogier born London Mdx Eng..
1764 – Lloyds register of shipping London.
1764 – Barbadoes 1764 there were 70,706 slaves on the island. Slaves were called
property or product. Diary of May 1756 slaves Maroons. (Empires children ©2009
Anton Gill).
1777 – Prison reform. John Howard book the state of the prisons. (Practical family
history August 2009).
1781 – Dog doors were cut in church doors Mullion in Cornwall 1781 (Similar to cat
doors).(mag practical family history July 2003 UK p18)
1785 – Daily universal register founded. Three years later it changed its name to The
Times. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK)
1787-1808 – On 11 November 1787 a son was born also called Anthony other
children followed. On boxing day 1808 he married Margaret Cowls at Helston about 3
miles south of Wendron.
1796 – The Linen industry in Ireland. Free spinning wheels or looms were given to
farmers who planted a certain amount of their land with flax. (How to trace your Irish
ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK)
1800-1945 – Settlers New Zealand immigrants from England Ireland and Scotland by
Hearn, Terry Phillips Jock ISBN 1869404017 Publication date 1/4/2008 (Trade me
$40).
20 January 1800 – Ann Hill died London Mxd Eng.
1 March 1801 – Mary Norris born in Richmond Sry Eng.
9 April 1804 – Frederick Sturmer born in Poplar NDX Eng.
26 December 1808 – Margaret Cowls married Anthony Pryor in Helston Con Eng.
1810 – 1880 – The general lunatic asylum opened at Sneinton in 1810 it became the
county lunatic asylum in 1855. Nottingham city asylum opened in 1880. Inmate
records are closed for 100 years. (Practical family history December 2009 p27).
1812 – Anthony Mangan born in CLA Ireland.
9

1812 –1839 – One other child was born to Anthony and Margaret Cowls, William
baptised at Helston 5 September 1812. In April 1838 at Kenwyn William married 24
year old Elizabeth Davey in Helston a gardener. William and Elizabeth had a son
James John on 20 January 1839 in Helston.
5 September 1812 – William Pryor born Helston Cornwall Eng..
1815 – English British naval history to 1815 a guide to literature. Eugene L Raser.
Smuggling 1892 Neville Williams. Contraband cargoes 1959. History profession
1713-1775.
1815 – Emigration from Europe 1815-1930 D Baines London Macmillan 1991.
1815 – Emigration from Europe 1815-1914 C Erickson London Adam and Charles
Black 1976.
1820 – From the mid 18th Century Cornwall was an industrial powerhouse, the richest
tin and copper mining region in the world. The rise and fall of the industries has
shaped almost every corner of Cornish life. By the bronze age 2100BC to 750BC
Western Europe depended on Cornwall for supplies of tin to make bronze. The metals
then produced by tin streaming and from open cast mines. p40 By the 1820s there
were more than 2,000 mines in operation making Cornwall the worlds leading mineral
producer. The world copper crash in 1866 left the industry reeling and a decline of
mining followed. Many Cornish left for mines in the US, Australia, New Zealand and
South Africa. Reviving production of tin in 2010 with a rise in world metal process.
Cornish ethnicity. (Cornwall Lesley Gillilan p37).
1823 – David Nicol born FIF Scotland.
1824-1877 – Banking dynasties. Jewish bankers the Rothschild family. 30 male
members married cousins. In 1839 James Rothschild, so the fortune would stay in the
family. (Family tree Sept 2010 UK)
11 March 1828 – Charles Watson born Lin Eng.
3 July 1828 – Frederick Sturmer married Mary Norris UK.
8 April 1829 – Frederick John Sturmer born Oxford OXF Eng.
1830-39 – First opium war between the UK and China began.
1831 – A cholera epidemic broke out in London UL (Timeline internet).
1833 – Deeds. Record land holding and transfer. A common form of deed dating from
the 1100’s to 1833 are feet of fines. Final agreements land was transferred from one
party to another. Written in triplicate on a sheet of sheep or goatskin divided three
ways. Surviving copies are kept in the National Archives indexed in series 1/7233-44
and 1/7217-68. Many have been published by county record societies, local archives
and libraries.
10

1834 – The boards of guardians were created in 1834. They ran workhouses and
employed school teachers for children in their care. (Practical family history August
2003 UK)
1834 – An introduction to poor law documents before 1834 2nd edition Anne Cole.
1834-1900 – Workhouse admissions and discharges Stafordshire archivist. (Family
tree mag Sept 2010 UK)
16 October 1834 – In London the houses of parliament caught fire and many historic
documents were burned. (Timeline internet).
1836 – Nathan Rothschild son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild dies in London. His
younger brother James took over the business. (Timeline internet).
1837 – Birth and death certificates England and Wales 1837-1969 Barbara Dixon.
1837 – The Victorian prison system between 1837 and 1900 there were more than 15
million recipients. (Family tree mag Sept 2010 UK)
28 April 1838 – William Pryor married Elizabeth Davey in Kenwyn Con Eng.
28 June 1838 – Queen Victoria was crowned in Westminster abbey. (AP 6/28/98
timeline internet).
20 January 1839 – James John Pryor was born at Helston Cornwall Eng.
5 Februaryu1839 – Elizabeth Davey died Helston Cornwall Eng.
1840 – Auckland maritime museum NZ. Ancestors who came to NZ from the UK by
ship from 1840’s onwards. The museum holds lists of ships passengers, poor
immigrants, museums in every town in NZ. (p64 Writing your family history a NZ
guide Joan Rosier Jones ©1997).
1841 – Anthony at Wendrow place Helston a fruiterer. In the 1841 census of
Cornwall his wife Margaret had four children still living at home.
1844-1877 – There was a few charity schools in some towns in the 1830’s. For
outcast destitute children. The Ragged school union 1844. In 1877 to 1908 finding
employment for thousands of poor children. (Practical family history mag August
2003 UK)
1 September 1845 – Catherine Jane Wasley born Gloucester GL Eng.
1847 – Britain passed the vagrancy act to combat begging, as the potato famine swept
Ireland. (AP 11/25/08 timeline internet).
1847 – Before 1847 in Liverpool and many cities and towns after that date. Private
companies supplied water. These companies got their water from sewage
11
contaminated wells, and in the case of London, from the sewage contaminated river
Thames. (mag practical family history July 2003 UK p15)
1848 – Elizabeth Strain was born Ireland.
1849 – Raper. Ship “Tasmania” Sydney. British born 1849. Aged 45 female.1
November 1894 Auckland NZ. (14 July 2013).
1849 – London UK to Otago NZ “Ajax” ship.
1849 – Water borne cholera killed about 14,000 people in London. (timeline internet).
1849 – Grace Stewart born Scotland.
21 November 1849 – Isabella Smith Nicol was born Edinburgh MLN Scotland.
4 November 1851 – Edward William born Maldon Ess Eng.
1856 – The rise and progress of British opium smuggling the illegality. R Alexander.
1859 – Glasgow Scotland to Port Chalmers Otago NZ “Cheviot” ship.
1859 – The genealogy of the existing British peerage and baronage. Edmond Lodge.
1859 – Sarah Ann Chambers born New Basford Eng.
1861 – Glasgow Scotland to Port Chalmers Otago NZ “Lady Egidia” ship.
30 July 1961 – Paupers in workhouses, inmates. Trade me $14 and postage. 14
thousand names book
30 May 1866 – Emily McNamara born Liverpool Lancashire Eng.
1868-1920 – The trade union congress TUC was formed in Manchester in 1868. Most
of its archives dealings with trade unions in other countries. (family tree mag Sept
2010 UK)
14 October 1871 – Somerset John Sturmer male born Altrincham Eng.
7 January 1873 – Mary Norris died Heapham rectory Linc Eng.
1874 – London to Port Chalmers Otago NZ “Christian McAussand”, photo
21 June 1875 – Ada Bee born Southwell Ntt Eng.
17 February 1876 – Arthur Watson born Nottingham Ntt Eng.
3 March 1876 – Frederick Sturmer died Kensington Mdx Eng.
1 May 1877 – Edward Williams and Sarah Ann Chambers married Eng.
12

1880 – Cures for poverty sterilising mothers of illegitimate children. Homeless boys
Dr Barnardos home.(Practical family history mag July 2003 UK)
1880 – “Daffodils never hear” an account of the lives of a Cornish family in the 1880s
based on their diaries, fathers emigration, work in silver mines Cornwall (Family
history monthly Jun 2008 UK).
1891 – A volunteer index for the 1891 census of Cornwall online. (Family tree sept
2010 UK).
13

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Uk history 1042 1900

  • 1. 1 UK History 1042 – 1900 History – Phoenicians, North Africans in Roman times traded tin with Cornwall and Wales. Immigrants, the Phoenicians came to Wales and Cornwall to trade, thousands of years ago. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK) 1042-1066 – Coronation of King Edward the Confessor in 1042. Before assuming the throne Edward spent 24 years in exile in Normandy. Edwards death was on 5 January 1066. Harold was then crowned King at Westminster Abbey. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph Cummins ©2007) 1066 – Arrival of William I of Normandy, William the Conquerer in the UK. He had an entourage from the Normandy’s French Jewish community as financiers to his court. (My ancestors were Jewish ©2008 Antony Joseph UK) 14 October 1066 – The Anglo Saxons had controlled England since the 5th century. After migrating there from Scandinavia or Germany. They were faced with a mass invasion of their lands by the Normans from northern France who intended to stay. The Normans had emerged as a regional power. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph Cummins ©2007) 1133-1215 – The Plantagenets were a noble family and rulers of England since 1133. John was born on Christmas eve 1166. The youngest of eight children of Eleanor of Aquitaine and King Henry II of England. Richard died 1199 and John was crowned king. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph Cummins ©2007) 1139 – 1899 – A list of high sheriffs of Cornwall inscriptions UK (Family tree mag Sept 2010) 1205 – Roger Priur. Curia Regis rolls of Suffolk during the reign of King John. January 1215 – Nobles, Barons gathered at a secret meeting at Dunmow castle in Essex, the home of Lord Robert Fitzwalter Earls and Bishops. Ruler of the realm was King John. Heavy taxes and the magna carta. (History’s greatest hits. Joseph Cummins ©2007). 1337 – In Cornwall where our Pryor ancestors lived the Pryor name is mentioned in Cornwall as far back as 1337 when a Nicholas Prior is mentioned. Dutchy of Cornwall. 13th century – Before the Middle Ages people had only one name. It was only in the 13th century that surnames began to be used in England. We call unmarried women spinsters because they earned their living by spinning wool. A major source of British wealth in the Middle Ages. (How to trace your family tree. Anness pub ltd ©2005). 1348 – Black death. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1377 – The Gatehouse at Thornton abbey in North Lincolnshire is a good example. The oldest bricks in England are the ones left behind by the Romans, until the 13th
  • 2. 2 century the only bricks used in England were recycled Roman bricks. From the late 13th century bricks were made in England . (Practical family history December 2009). 1377-1381 – The poll tax records those of Richard II also in 1379 and 1381 sources of tax info. The paper trail. (Practical family history mag December 2009) 1476 – The first English printing press was begun by William Caxton in Westminster. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1485-1509 – Land tax in the feet of fines medieval genealogy UK (Family tree mag Sept 2010) 1490-1951 – Albert Montefiore Hyamson. The Sephardin of England. The study of Spanish and Portugueze Jewish community. London reprint 1991. 1500-1700 – How to read local archives. FG Emmison. London Historical association 1967. 15th to 18th century – The change to English style surnames began with the gentry. So occupational surnames did not appear as in England change to surnames. (Practical family history August 2009) 1521-1603 – Census substitutes Fiants of the Tudor sovereigns, basic records. (How to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK). 1538 – Archives Parish registers were introduced. (Practical family history December 2009) 1538 – Thomas Beckett, Henry VIII chief minister, introduced Parish registers. The first time many families had their names recorded in writing. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1538-1838 – Parish registers baptisms, marriages and burials. A source until 1838. Many have not survived. Baptisms not births and burials not deaths. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1538 – Henry VIII decreed that each of 11,000 UK parishes should keep registers of baptisms, marriages and burials of its inhabitants from 1538 onwards. Few survive before 1558 when they started being kept on sheepskin instead of paper and even fewer survive before the 1600’s. From 1598 annual copies were made and sent to local bishops. (Tracing your family history. Anthony Adolph ©2007). 1538 – Thomas Beckett, Henry VIII chief minister, introduced Parish registers. The first time many families had their names recorded in writing. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1538 – Archives. Parish registers were introduced in 1538 (Practical family history December 2009)
  • 3. 3 1538 – 1838 – Parish registers baptisms, marriages and burials main source until 1838. Many have not survived. They were baptisms not births and burials not deaths. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK) 1550 – 1920 – Family history Scotland Trade me $20 DVD’s Scottish reference library of books on DVD. 1558 – Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 and the church of England established. She was aged 27 in 1559. Piracy and documents, slave traders, British empire. (Empires children ©2009 Anton Gill). 1573-1590 – Appointment of Sir Frances Walsingham as secretary of State for Queen Elizabeth I. Walsingham died in 1590, nearly bankrupt. (Secret wars ©2009 G Thomas US). 1575 – 1834 – UK prisons by the 13th century to hold debtors as houses of correction established in 1575 held homeless and unmarried mothers, workhouses asylums, and the poor. The result is they vanish from society, poor people asylums hospitals workhouses for the poor. Records are closed for 100 years workhouses. The poor law amendment act of 1834 poor people, paupers under a workhouse, out of sight out of mind. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 11 June 1583 – Mining specialists on ships. Silver and gold was reported. The fleet left Cawsand bay Cornwall on 11 June 1583 Raleigh’s ship had to turn back to the UK for supplies. Mining equipment and supplies. Mission pursuit of minerals Humphrey Gilbert ship. (Lost explorers. Ed Wright UK no date). 8 February 1587 – Mary Stuart Queen of Scots was beheaded at Fotheringham castle, after spending 19 years as a prisoner of Elizabeth I (Practical family history February 2010). 1600-1900 – Three hundred years of embroidery. Pauline Johnson. Wakefield press 1986. ISBN 0-9492-6881-x 16th-19th century – The Parish was responsible for relief of poverty, collection of tithes and recruits for the army. (How to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK). 1603-1901 – Baptisms of illegitimate children in Cornwall various parishes on a CD. (Family tree mag Sept 2010) 1603 – 1908 – The trail your ancestors left. Newspapers the Times for 1790 to 1908 British newspaper library. London newspapers from 1603 to 1800. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1606 – Ships chartered by Elizabeth 1 are instructed to purchase the finest Indian opium and transport it back to England. (Narconon int ©2010). 1609-1625 – James Bagg was Vice Admiral of Cornwall. England was attacked by the Islamic corsairs of Barbary. Villages were at prayers and Christians were
  • 4. 4 kidnapped by the Islamic corsairs. Cornwall villages. North African Corsairs. Villagers were carried off into slavery, taken to Sale on Morrocco,s Atlantic coast, Rabat town, New Sale. Between 1609 and 1616 Muslims captured many English slaves. Muslims who hated Christians. White slavery and female sex slavery. (White gold. Giles Milton ©2004 UK) 1610-1646 – White Christian slaves. By 1643 so many slaves were being held. The UK parliament ordered churches to collect money to buy back the slaves. By the 1640’s at least 3,000 English people were taken to Barbary Moroccan port of Sale. Also in the Turkish regions of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. Ottoman sultan. White slaves were found in Alexandria, Cairo and Istanbul. In 1646 Edmund Cason went to Algiers to buy back Christian slaves, female sex slaves cost more to buy back. (White gold. Giles Milton ©2004 UK) 1625 – 1627 – Christian sex slaves were called concubines. They were sold in North Africa. 1626 the year after their raids in Cornwall and Devon. In 1625 King Charles I sent John Harrison to Sale Morocco where English slaves were being held. Sir Henry Marton was a lawyer and Cornish member of parliament. Sale Corsairs. Sidi Mohammed el-Ayyadhi was revered by Sale slave traders and anti-Christian Muslims in Morocco. March 1627 Harrison and Sidi Mohammed held talks in Sale. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) July 1625 – Christian slaves in Morocco, female sex slaves of the Sultan Moulay Ismail, harems in North Africa, where white slaves were held. Slave auctions with salves seized at sea, or from their homes in Europe. Tortured and forced to convert from Christians to Muslims. Cornwall’s south western coasts. England was attacked by Islamic Corsairs of Barbary. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1627-1637 – Islamic sultan in Sale Morocco and King Charles I in the UK. Sidi Mohammed ordered attacks on the English coastline. The Sale Corsairs depended on the slave trade for their livelihood. In May 1635 more than 150 English people were kidnapped and tortured. 1,200 slaves in Sale and 27 female sex slaves. 1637 February sailed for New Sale. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1631 - Barbary pirates in 1631 Murad Rais Southern Ireland. 200 Islamic troops in the village of Baltimore. 237 men, women and children were slaves sent to Algiers Christians at the slave auctions. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1635 – Royal mail began. (Family skeletons ©2005 R Paley S Fowler UK) 1635 – Charles I opens royal mail to his subjects to obtain revenue. The paper trail. (Practical family history December 2009). 1640 – Lightening killed a dog, at the feet of one kneeling to receive the cup, at St Anthony-in-Meneage, Cornwall. (mag practical family history July 2003 UK p18) 1650s – 100,000 Irish children sold for slaves during the 1650’s. Children between 10 and 14 years of age were taken from their parents and sold for slaves in Virginia and New England. 52,000 women and children were sold as slaves to Virginia. (Irish Examiner by Conall O Fatharta 29 January 2013).
  • 5. 5 1653 – Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. Cromwell’s spies were landowners in Ireland amid famine. (Secret wars ©2009 G Thomas US) 1656 – Since 1656 the immigration of Jews to the UK, and settlement there, followed general migration patterns. Records were written in Hebrew. (My ancestors were Jewish ©2008 Anthony Joseph UK) 1660-1685 – The oldest newspaper in Ireland gives an account of chief events. February 1660 Sir Charles Cote, and a newsletter in Dublin in 1685. (How to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK) 1663 – 1807 – The guinea coin was first seen in 1663. Trading to Africa dealt mainly in slaves, traded in slaves until 1731 when the trade changed to Ivory and Gold. Provided gold to the Royal mint from 1668 to 1722. The slave trade flourished until abolition in 1807. (Empires children ©2007 Anton Gill). 1666 – The year London caught fire. People started settling elsewhere, saying it was less likely to be built again, records in dairies.(mag practical family history July 2003 UK) 1674 – The old Bailey session papers accounts of trials 1674-1913 search on www.oldbaileyonline.org. (Practical family history August 2009). 1681 – Scores of English ships had been seized over the years and their crews disappeared without trace. Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail held English slaves in Morocco. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1682 – 11 January 1682 King Charles II sent to Morocco an embassy. Issue of English slaves in Morocco. A treaty was signed in March 1682 concerning English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish slaves. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1685 – King Charles II died. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1698-1798 – The Society for the promotion of Christian knowledge SPCK founded a program, to build and develop charity schools for poor children, including girls. In the first 30 years of the 18th century the SPCK 1500 schools many in south Wales and Scotland. Sunday schools at Stockport 3,000 children the 1789-1920 registers names ages on microfilm, they have not been indexed, some later registers to 1964. (Practical family history mag August 2003 UK) 1700 – An index of wills proved in the archdeaconry court of London 1700-1807 Cliff Webb. 1700 – Smuggling a history 1700-1970 David Phillipson Rosemary Pugh 1973. 1700-1840 – Smuggling in Kent and Sussex. Mary Waugh ©1985. 1700-1850 – Smuggling in Hampshire and Dorset. Geoffrey Morley ©1983.
  • 6. 6 17th century – The slave trade lasted from 17th to 19th century, basis of wealth for Liverpool and Bristol. Ships left England for the coast of west Africa, slaves taken by Arab traders. Slaves were densely packed into the holds of ships in bad conditions. (Empires children ©2009 Anton Gill). 1700’s – Many babies and children were abandoned by their parents in Georgian and Victorian times. Orphanages, hospitals and homes were built. Some starved to death on the streets or in the workhouse. Ancestors orphans or adopted, photos records. (Family history monthly mag march 2002). 11 July 1705 – Josiah Hill male born London UK. (See PAF file for notes about Hill). 1715 – Real pirates explains the intersection of slavery and piracy. The “Whydah” pirate ship sank on Cape Cod USA 26 April 1717. It was built in Britain in 1715 as a commercial ship to carry slaves from West Africa to the Caribbean. Slave trade and piracy on the “Whydah”. Needles used to brand 700 slaves. The inhumanity of trafficking. A branding iron and manacles. (onmilwaukee.com 17 Dec 2012 Real pirates Milwaukee public museum 27 May 2013). 1715 – The Moors who attacked the Cornish coastline for so long, a large number of captive slaves held in Barbary, many of them from Cornwall. Many of the English vessels that had put to sea in 1715 were captured by the Corsairs. Captain John Stocker’s ship the “Sarah” was captured at the end of March 1715, 15 crew were taken as slaves to Sale Morocco. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1716 – Summer a Cornish cabin boy named Thomas Pellow, and 51 others, were captured at sea by Islamic slave traders from North Africa.. (White gold ©2004 Giles Milton UK) 1718-1761 – Our first known ancestor is Anthony Pryor, born about 1718 in the reign of George I. He married Avis Thomas in Wendron Cornwall on 19 October 1743. The village has one of the longest histories of tin mining of any district in Cornwall back to the 16th century. He and Avis had at least nine children all born in Wendron. Finally Anthony was born in 1761, 17 years after his parents married. 1720-1840 – Cornwall parish registers Illogan 1720-1812 CD $21 and Cornwall parish registers Illogan 1813-1840 CD $21. (Australia family tree Sept 2010) 1726-1831 – Bethnal house lunatic asylum opened as a private madhouse in Kirbys castle in 1726. The building was extended by 1777 and called the White house. By 1831 a red house for men and a white house for women inmates. Bethnal Green asylum housed 614 people, 558 of them inmates in 1851. It had 410 beds for men from 1896. In 1901 there were 203 inmates and 60 staff. The asylum closed in 1920. (Australia family tree Sept 2010). 1732 – Katherine Creuze female born London UK December 1732 – Ann Hill born London Mix Eng.
  • 7. 7 1733 – Until 1733 most, if not all, manorial records were in Latin. Before 1733 Latin was the official language of church and law. Parish registers were written in Latin. Palaeography. (Practical family history February 2010). 1733 – Any official document that predates 1733 is likely to be written in Latin. Handwriting language (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK). 1734 – Locating treasure. Parishes in the UK, a farsighted system of record keeping survived. Historians and specific info. There were food riots in Cornwall. (Practical family history August 2009). 1734-1837 – Lloyds list shipping news, weekly in 1734 and by 1837 daily publication. Some issues have not survived. Trace movement of ships around the world. (Family tree mag Sept 2010 UK) 1737 – The Belfast newsletter was first published. Its one of the oldest continuously published newspapers in the world. Linen Hall library Belfast. (How to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK) 1740-1940 – Betty Naggar. Jewish peddlers and hawkers. Camberley Porphyrogenitus 1992. 19 October 1743 – Avis Thomas married Anthony Pryor in Wendron Con England. 1744 – Catherine Rabaud died London Eng. 8 September 1748 – Marmaduke William Norris born Ludlow England 1749 – Smuggling and smugglers in Sussex. The genuine history of the Gentlemen and Chichester. 1750’s – Smuggling in Devon and Cornwall. The Sicilly isles became dependent on smuggling for its economy. Smuggling was a Cornish activity and in Cornwall tin ore was mined. A famous family that operated out of Prussia cove near praa Sands in Cornwall was the Carter family. John Carter was head of the family. Another family mentioned was a devout Methodist preacher despite his interests in contraband material. The Carters of Prussia cove. (p32-33 Family history monthly June 2008 UK.) 1752 – The murder act of 1752 said a criminal was to be hanged within 48 hours of sentencing. (Practical family history August 2009). 1757-1784 – Pawnbroking was regulated by an Act of 1757 for crime related to pawning goods. In 1784 a new Act specified the charges. Pawnbroking was a way of getting money. Records. (Practical family history mag August 2003 UK) 7 February 1758 – Margery Waters married Richard Pryor in Crowan Con England.
  • 8. 8 1760 – England’s canals became important in the 1760’s and grew rapidly until the middle of the 19th century. Then faded as new railways became established. (Practical family history August 2003 UK) 1761-1787 – Anthony Pryor was baptised in Wendron 13 December 1761 in the second year of the reign of George III. When Anthony was 19 he married Margery (who also had the maiden name of Pryor), Wendron 29 January 1787. 29 June 1761 – Louisa Ogier born London Mdx Eng.. 1764 – Lloyds register of shipping London. 1764 – Barbadoes 1764 there were 70,706 slaves on the island. Slaves were called property or product. Diary of May 1756 slaves Maroons. (Empires children ©2009 Anton Gill). 1777 – Prison reform. John Howard book the state of the prisons. (Practical family history August 2009). 1781 – Dog doors were cut in church doors Mullion in Cornwall 1781 (Similar to cat doors).(mag practical family history July 2003 UK p18) 1785 – Daily universal register founded. Three years later it changed its name to The Times. (The people detective ©2001 T McGregor UK) 1787-1808 – On 11 November 1787 a son was born also called Anthony other children followed. On boxing day 1808 he married Margaret Cowls at Helston about 3 miles south of Wendron. 1796 – The Linen industry in Ireland. Free spinning wheels or looms were given to farmers who planted a certain amount of their land with flax. (How to trace your Irish ancestors ©2008 Ian Maxwell UK) 1800-1945 – Settlers New Zealand immigrants from England Ireland and Scotland by Hearn, Terry Phillips Jock ISBN 1869404017 Publication date 1/4/2008 (Trade me $40). 20 January 1800 – Ann Hill died London Mxd Eng. 1 March 1801 – Mary Norris born in Richmond Sry Eng. 9 April 1804 – Frederick Sturmer born in Poplar NDX Eng. 26 December 1808 – Margaret Cowls married Anthony Pryor in Helston Con Eng. 1810 – 1880 – The general lunatic asylum opened at Sneinton in 1810 it became the county lunatic asylum in 1855. Nottingham city asylum opened in 1880. Inmate records are closed for 100 years. (Practical family history December 2009 p27). 1812 – Anthony Mangan born in CLA Ireland.
  • 9. 9 1812 –1839 – One other child was born to Anthony and Margaret Cowls, William baptised at Helston 5 September 1812. In April 1838 at Kenwyn William married 24 year old Elizabeth Davey in Helston a gardener. William and Elizabeth had a son James John on 20 January 1839 in Helston. 5 September 1812 – William Pryor born Helston Cornwall Eng.. 1815 – English British naval history to 1815 a guide to literature. Eugene L Raser. Smuggling 1892 Neville Williams. Contraband cargoes 1959. History profession 1713-1775. 1815 – Emigration from Europe 1815-1930 D Baines London Macmillan 1991. 1815 – Emigration from Europe 1815-1914 C Erickson London Adam and Charles Black 1976. 1820 – From the mid 18th Century Cornwall was an industrial powerhouse, the richest tin and copper mining region in the world. The rise and fall of the industries has shaped almost every corner of Cornish life. By the bronze age 2100BC to 750BC Western Europe depended on Cornwall for supplies of tin to make bronze. The metals then produced by tin streaming and from open cast mines. p40 By the 1820s there were more than 2,000 mines in operation making Cornwall the worlds leading mineral producer. The world copper crash in 1866 left the industry reeling and a decline of mining followed. Many Cornish left for mines in the US, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Reviving production of tin in 2010 with a rise in world metal process. Cornish ethnicity. (Cornwall Lesley Gillilan p37). 1823 – David Nicol born FIF Scotland. 1824-1877 – Banking dynasties. Jewish bankers the Rothschild family. 30 male members married cousins. In 1839 James Rothschild, so the fortune would stay in the family. (Family tree Sept 2010 UK) 11 March 1828 – Charles Watson born Lin Eng. 3 July 1828 – Frederick Sturmer married Mary Norris UK. 8 April 1829 – Frederick John Sturmer born Oxford OXF Eng. 1830-39 – First opium war between the UK and China began. 1831 – A cholera epidemic broke out in London UL (Timeline internet). 1833 – Deeds. Record land holding and transfer. A common form of deed dating from the 1100’s to 1833 are feet of fines. Final agreements land was transferred from one party to another. Written in triplicate on a sheet of sheep or goatskin divided three ways. Surviving copies are kept in the National Archives indexed in series 1/7233-44 and 1/7217-68. Many have been published by county record societies, local archives and libraries.
  • 10. 10 1834 – The boards of guardians were created in 1834. They ran workhouses and employed school teachers for children in their care. (Practical family history August 2003 UK) 1834 – An introduction to poor law documents before 1834 2nd edition Anne Cole. 1834-1900 – Workhouse admissions and discharges Stafordshire archivist. (Family tree mag Sept 2010 UK) 16 October 1834 – In London the houses of parliament caught fire and many historic documents were burned. (Timeline internet). 1836 – Nathan Rothschild son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild dies in London. His younger brother James took over the business. (Timeline internet). 1837 – Birth and death certificates England and Wales 1837-1969 Barbara Dixon. 1837 – The Victorian prison system between 1837 and 1900 there were more than 15 million recipients. (Family tree mag Sept 2010 UK) 28 April 1838 – William Pryor married Elizabeth Davey in Kenwyn Con Eng. 28 June 1838 – Queen Victoria was crowned in Westminster abbey. (AP 6/28/98 timeline internet). 20 January 1839 – James John Pryor was born at Helston Cornwall Eng. 5 Februaryu1839 – Elizabeth Davey died Helston Cornwall Eng. 1840 – Auckland maritime museum NZ. Ancestors who came to NZ from the UK by ship from 1840’s onwards. The museum holds lists of ships passengers, poor immigrants, museums in every town in NZ. (p64 Writing your family history a NZ guide Joan Rosier Jones ©1997). 1841 – Anthony at Wendrow place Helston a fruiterer. In the 1841 census of Cornwall his wife Margaret had four children still living at home. 1844-1877 – There was a few charity schools in some towns in the 1830’s. For outcast destitute children. The Ragged school union 1844. In 1877 to 1908 finding employment for thousands of poor children. (Practical family history mag August 2003 UK) 1 September 1845 – Catherine Jane Wasley born Gloucester GL Eng. 1847 – Britain passed the vagrancy act to combat begging, as the potato famine swept Ireland. (AP 11/25/08 timeline internet). 1847 – Before 1847 in Liverpool and many cities and towns after that date. Private companies supplied water. These companies got their water from sewage
  • 11. 11 contaminated wells, and in the case of London, from the sewage contaminated river Thames. (mag practical family history July 2003 UK p15) 1848 – Elizabeth Strain was born Ireland. 1849 – Raper. Ship “Tasmania” Sydney. British born 1849. Aged 45 female.1 November 1894 Auckland NZ. (14 July 2013). 1849 – London UK to Otago NZ “Ajax” ship. 1849 – Water borne cholera killed about 14,000 people in London. (timeline internet). 1849 – Grace Stewart born Scotland. 21 November 1849 – Isabella Smith Nicol was born Edinburgh MLN Scotland. 4 November 1851 – Edward William born Maldon Ess Eng. 1856 – The rise and progress of British opium smuggling the illegality. R Alexander. 1859 – Glasgow Scotland to Port Chalmers Otago NZ “Cheviot” ship. 1859 – The genealogy of the existing British peerage and baronage. Edmond Lodge. 1859 – Sarah Ann Chambers born New Basford Eng. 1861 – Glasgow Scotland to Port Chalmers Otago NZ “Lady Egidia” ship. 30 July 1961 – Paupers in workhouses, inmates. Trade me $14 and postage. 14 thousand names book 30 May 1866 – Emily McNamara born Liverpool Lancashire Eng. 1868-1920 – The trade union congress TUC was formed in Manchester in 1868. Most of its archives dealings with trade unions in other countries. (family tree mag Sept 2010 UK) 14 October 1871 – Somerset John Sturmer male born Altrincham Eng. 7 January 1873 – Mary Norris died Heapham rectory Linc Eng. 1874 – London to Port Chalmers Otago NZ “Christian McAussand”, photo 21 June 1875 – Ada Bee born Southwell Ntt Eng. 17 February 1876 – Arthur Watson born Nottingham Ntt Eng. 3 March 1876 – Frederick Sturmer died Kensington Mdx Eng. 1 May 1877 – Edward Williams and Sarah Ann Chambers married Eng.
  • 12. 12 1880 – Cures for poverty sterilising mothers of illegitimate children. Homeless boys Dr Barnardos home.(Practical family history mag July 2003 UK) 1880 – “Daffodils never hear” an account of the lives of a Cornish family in the 1880s based on their diaries, fathers emigration, work in silver mines Cornwall (Family history monthly Jun 2008 UK). 1891 – A volunteer index for the 1891 census of Cornwall online. (Family tree sept 2010 UK).
  • 13. 13