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Abscond – (v) To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest.
Adversity - (n) Hardship, difficulty; opposition
Aggravate – (v) to make worse/intensify something
Arduous – (adj) hard to do, requiring much effort
Belie – (v) to contradict, to give a false impression
Bombast - (n) speech or writing that sounds grand or important but has little meaning
Castigation – (n) Severe criticism or punishment
Censure – (v) to criticize harshly
Chicanery – (n) trickery, fraud, deception
Coercive – (adj) Forcing someone to do something against their will; intimidate
Condemn – (v) to express strong disapproval of
Conspire – (v) to plan together secretly to do something wrong or illegal
Covert – (adj) secret or hidden
Cower – (v) To crouch or shrink away from in fear or shame
Craven – (adj) lacking courage-coward
Denigrate – (v)to attack the reputation of; to speak ill of
Denounce – (v) to criticize publicly
Discomfit – (v) to embarrass, unsettle
Disingenuous – (adj) not candid; insincere; not honest
Exacerbate –(v) to make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.
Fraud –(n) a deliberate deception intended to produce unlawful gain
Garrulous – (adj) talkative, rambling
Impudent – (adj) disrespectful, characterized by improper bold behavior
Inopportune – (adj) coming at a bad time; not appropriate
Irascible – (adj) easily angered; prone to temperamental outbursts
Martial – (n) associated with war and the armed forces
Misanthrope – (n) a person who hates or despises people
Obdurate - (adj) stubborn; hardhearted
Onerous – (adj) troubling; burdensome
Perjury –(n) lying under oath
Provoke – (v) anger, arouse, bring to action
Recalcitrant – (adj/n) marked by stubborn resistance to and defiant of authority or guidance
Secrete – (v) to ensconce, conceal, or stow
Squander – (v) to spend foolishly, waste
Abate - (v) to lessen in intensity or degree
Accolade - (n) an expression of praise
Adulation - (n) excessive praise; intense adoration
Aesthetic - (adj.) dealing with, appreciative of, or responsive to art or the beautiful
Ameliorate - (v) to make better or make more tolerable
Ascetic - (n) one who practice rigid self-denial, esp. as an act of religious devotion
Avarice - (n) greed, esp. for wealth
Axiom - (n) a universally recognized principle
Burgeon - (v) to grow rapidly or flourish
Bucolic - (adj.) rustic and pastoral; characteristic of rural areas and their inhabitants
3|Page
4. 45. Cacophony - (n) harsh, jarring, discordant sound; dissonance
46. Canon - (n) an established set of principles or code of laws, often religious in nature
47. Catalyst - (n) a substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without itself changing; a person or
thing that cause change
48. Caustic - (adj) burning or stinging; causing corrosion
49. Chary - (adj.) wary, cautious, sparing
50. Cogent - (adj.) appealing forcibly to the mind or reason; convincing
51. Complaisance - (n) the willingness to comply with the wishes of others
52. Contentious - (adj.) argumentative; quarrelsome; causing controversy or disagreement
53. Contrite - (adj.) regretful; penitent; seeking forgiveness
54. Culpable - (adj.) deserving blame
55. Dearth - (n) smallness of quantity or number; scarcity; a lack
56. Demur - (v) to question or oppose
57. Didactic - (adj.) intended to teach or instruct
58. Discretion - (n) cautious reserve in speech; ability to make responsible decisions
59. Dogmatic - (adj.) expressing a rigid opinion based on unproved or unprovable principles
60. Ebullience - (n) the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts and feelings
61. Eclectic - (adj.) composed of elements drawn from various sources
62. Elegy - (n) a mournful poem, esp. one lamenting the dead
63. Emollient - (adj./n.) soothing, esp. to the skin; making less harsh; mollifying; an agent that softens or smooths
the skin
64. Empirical - (adj.) based on observation or experiment
65. Enigmatic - (adj.) mysterious; obscure; difficult to understand
66. Ephemeral - (adj.) brief;fleeting
67. Esoteric - (adj.) intended for or understood by a small, specific group
68. Eulogy - (n) a speech honoring the dead; expression of approval or commendation
69. Exonerate - (v) to remove blame
70. Facetious - (adj.) playful; humorous
71. Fallacy - (n) an invalid or incorrect notion; a mistaken belief
72. Furtive - (adj.) marked by stealth; covert; surreptitious
73. Gregarious - (adj.) sociable; outgoing; enjoying the company of other people
74. Harangue - (v./n.) to deliver a pompous speech or tirade; a long, pompous speech
75. Heretical - (adj.) violating accepted dogma or convention
76. Hyperbole - (n) an exaggerated statement, often used as a figure of speech
77. Impecunious - (adj.) lacking funds; without money
78. Incipient - (adj.) beginning to come into being or to become apparent
79. Inert - (adj.) unmoving; lethargic; sluggish
80. Innocuous - (adj.) harmless; causing no damage
81. Intransigent - (adj.) refusing to compromise
82. Inveigle - (v) to obtain by deception or flattery
83. Morose - (adj.) sad; sullen; melancholy
84. Odious - (adj.) evoking intense aversion or dislike
85. Opaque - (adj.) impenetrable by light; not reflecting light; unintelligible
86. Oscillation - (n) the act or state of swinging back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythm
4|Page
5. 87. Penurious - (adj.) penny-pinching; excessively thrifty; ungenerous
88. Pernicious - (adj.) extremely harmful; potentially causing death
89. Peruse - (v) to examine with great care
90. Pious - (adj.) extremely reverent or devout; showing strong religious devotion
91. Precursor - (n) one that precedes and indicates or announces another
92. Preen - (v) to dress; to primp; to groom oneself with elaborate care
93. Prodigious - (adj.) abundant in size, force or extent; extraordinary
94. Prolific - (adj.) producing large volumes or amounts; productive
95. Putrefy - (v) to rot; to decay and give off a foul odor
96. Quaff - (v) to drink deeply
97. Quiescence - (n) stillness; motionlessness; quality of being at rest
98. Redoubtable - (adj.) awe-inspiring; worthy of honor
99. Sanction - (n/v) authoritative permission or approval; a penalty intended to enforce compliance; to give
permission or authority to
100. Satire - (n) a literary work that ridicules or criticizes a human vice through humor or derision
101. Squalid - (adj.) sordid; wretched and dirty as from neglect
102. Stoic - (adj.) indifferent to or unaffected by pleasure or pain; steadfast
103. Supplant - (v) to take the place of; supersede
104. Torpid - (adj.) lethargic; sluggish; dormant
105. Ubiquitous - (adj.) existing everywhere at the same time; constantly encountered; wide-spread
106. Urbane - (adj.) sophisticated, refined, elegant
107. Vilify - (v) to defame; to characterize harshly
108. Viscous - (adj.) thick; sticky
109. Acumen - (n) keen, accurate judgement or insight; shrewdness
110. Adulterate - (v) to reduce purity by combining with inferior ingredients
111. Amalgamate - (v) to combine several elements into a whole
112. Archaic - (adj.) outdated; associated with an earlier, perhaps more primitive time
113. Aver - (v) to state as a fact; to declare or assert
114. Bolster - (v) to provide support or reinforcement
115. Bombastic - (adj.) pompous; grandiloquent
116. Diatribe - (n) a harsh denunciation
117. Dissemble - (v) to disguise or conceal; to mislead
118. Eccentric - (adj.) departing from norms or conventions
119. Endemic - (adj.) characteristic of or often found in a particular locality, region, of people
120. Evanescent - (adj.) tending to disappear like vapor; vanishing
121. Fervent - (adj.) greatly emotional or zealous
122. Fortuitous - (adj.) happening by accident or chance
123. Germane - (adj.) relevant to the subject at hand; appropriate in subject matter
124. Grandiloquence - (n) pompous speech or expression
125. Hackneyed - (adj.) rendered trite or commonplace by frequent usage
126. Halcyon - (adj.) calm and peaceful
127. Hedonism - (n) devotion to pleasurable pursuits, esp. to the pleasure of the senses (a hedonist is someone who
pursue pleasure)
128. Hegemony - (n) the consistent dominance of one state or ideology over others
5|Page
6. 129. Iconoclast - (n) one who attacks or undermines traditional conventions or institution
130. Idolatrous - (adj.) given to intense or excessive devotion to something
131. Impassive - (adj.) revealing no emotion
132. Imperturbable - (adj.) marked by extreme calm, impassivity and steadiness
133. Implacable - (adj.) not capable of being appeased or significantly changed
134. Impunity - (n) immunity from punishment or penalty
135. Inchoate - (adj.) in an initial stage; not fully formed
136. Infelicitous - (adj.) unfortunate; inappropriate
137. Insipid - (adj.) without taste or flavor; lacking in spirit; bland
138. Loquacious - (adj.) extremely talkative (like Michelle!)
139. Luminous - (adj.) characterized by brightness and the emission of light
140. Malevolent - (adj.) having or showing often vicious ill will, spite, or hatred
141. Malleable - (adj.) capable of being shaped or formed; tractable; pliable
142. Mendacity - (n) the condition of being untruthful; dishonesty
143. Meticulous - (adj.) characterized by extreme care and precision; attentive to detail
144. Mitigate - (v) to make or become less severe or intense; to moderate
145. Obsequious - (adj.) exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
146. Occlude - (v) to obstruct or block
147. Opprobrium - (n) disgrace; contempt; scorn
148. Pedagogy - (n) the profession or principles of teaching, or instructing
149. Pedantic - (adj,) overly concerned with the trivial details of learning or education; show-offish about one's
knowledge
150. Penury - (n) poverty; destitution
151. Pervasive - (adj.) having the tendency to permeate or spread throughout
152. Pine - (v) to yearn intensely; to languish; to lose vigor
153. Pirate - (v) to illegally use or produce
154. Pith - (n) the essential or central part
155. Pithy - (adj.) precise and brief
156. Placate - (v) to appease; to calm by making concessions; to pacify
157. Platitude - (n) a superficial remark, esp. one offered as meaningful
158. Plummet - (v) to plunge or drop straight down
159. Prodigal - (adj.) recklessly wasteful; extravagant; profuse; lavish
160. Profuse - (adj.) given or coming forth abundantly; extravagant
161. Proliferate - (v) to grow or increase swiftly and abundantly
162. Queries - (n) questions; inquiries; doubts in the mind; reservations
163. Querulous - (adj.) prone to complaining or grumbling; peevish
164. Rancorous - (adj.) characterized by bitter, long-lasting resentment
165. Recalcitrant - (adj.) obstinately defiant of authority; difficult to manage
166. Repudiate - (v) to refuse to have anything to do with; disown
167. Rescind - (v) to invalidate; to repeal; to retract
168. Reverent - (adj.) marked by, feeling or expressing a feeling of profound awe and respect
169. Rhetoric - (n) the art or study of effective use of language for communication and persuasion
170. Salubrious - (adj.) promoting health or well-being
171. Solvent - (adj.) able to meet financial obligations; able to dissolve another substance
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7. 172. Specious - (adj.) seeming true, but actually being fallacious; misleadingly attractive; plausible but false
173. Spurious - (adj.) lacking authenticity or validity; false; counterfeit
174. Subpoena - (n) a court order requiring appearance and/or testimony
175. Succinct - (adj.) brief; concise
176. Superfluous - (adj.) exceeding what is sufficient or necessary
177. Surfeit - (n/v) an overabundant supply; excess; to feed or supply to excess
178. Tenacity - (n) the quality of adherence to something valued; persistent determination
179. Tenuous - (adj.) having little substance or strength; flimsy; weak
180. Tirade - (n) a long and extremely critical speech; a harsh denunciation
181. Transient - (adj.) fleeting; passing quickly; brief
182. Zealous - (adj.) fervent; ardent; impassioned; devoted to a cause (a zealot is a zealous person)
183. Acerbic - (adj.) having a sour or bitter taste or character; sharp; biting; vitriolic
184. Aggrandize - (v) to increase in intensity, power, influence or prestige
185. Alchemy - (n) a medieval science aimed at the transmutation of metals, esp. base metals into gold (an alchemist
is one who practices alchemy)
186. Amenable - (adj.) agreeable; responsive to suggestion
187. Anachronism - (n) something or someone out of place in terms of historical or chronological context
188. Astringent - (adj./n) having a tightening effect on living tissue; harsh; severe; something with a tightening effect
on tissue
189. Contiguous - (adj.) sharing a border; touching; adjacent
190. Convention - (n) a generally agreed-upon practice or attitude
191. Credulous - (adj.) tending to believe too readily; gullible
192. Cynicism - (n) an attitude or quality of belief that all people are motivated by selfishness
193. Decorum - (n) polite or appropriate conduct or behavior
194. Derision - (n) scorn, ridicule, contemptuous treatment
195. Desiccate - (v) to dry out or dehydrate; to make dry or dull
196. Dilettante - (n) one with an amateurish or superficial interest in the arts or a branch of knowledge
197. Disparage - (v) to slight or belittle
198. Divulge - (v) to disclose a secret; unwrap
199. Fawn - (v) to flatter or praise excessively
200. Flout - (v) to show contempt for, as in a rule or convention
201. Glib - (adj.) marked by ease or informality; nonchalant; lacking in depth; superficial
202. Hubris - (n) overbearing presumption or pride; arrogance
203. Imminent - (adj.) about to happen; impending
204. Immutable - (adj.) not capable of change
205. Impetuous - (adj.) hastily or rashly energetic; impulsive and vehement
206. Indifferent - (adj.) having no interest or concern; showing no bias or prejudice
207. Inimical - (adj.) damaging; harmful; injurious
208. Intractable - (adj.) not easily managed or directed; stubborn; obstinate
209. Intrepid - (adj.) steadfast and courageous
210. Laconic - (adj.) using few words; terse
211. Maverick - (n) an independent or unorthodox individual ;dissenter; refuse to be branded
212. Mercurial - (adj.) characterized by rapid and unpredictable change in mood
213. Mollify - (v) to calm or soothe; to reduce in emotional intensity
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Neophyte - (n) a recent convert; a beginner; novice
Obfuscate - (v) to deliberately obscure; to make confusing
Obstinate - (adj.) stubborn; hardheaded; uncompromising
Ostentatious - (adj.) characterized by or given to pretentious play; showy
Pervade - (v) to permeate throughout
Phlegmatic - (adj.) calm; sluggish; unemotional
Pragmatic - (adj.) practical rather than idealistic
Presumptuous - (adj.) over stepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy); taking liberties
Pristine - (adj.) pure; uncorrupted; clean
Probity - (n) adherence to highest principles; complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness
Proclivity - (n) a natural predisposition or inclination
Profligate - (adj.) excessively wasteful; recklessly extravagant
Propensity - (n) a natural inclination or tendency; penchant
Prosaic - (adj.) dull; lacking in spirit or imagination
Pungent - (adj.) characterized by a strong, sharp smell or taste
Quixotic - (adj.) foolishly impractical; marked by lofty romantic ideals
Quotidian - (adj.) occurring or recurring daily; commonplace
Rarefy - (v) to make or become thin, less dense; to refine
Recondite - (adj.) hidden; concealed; difficult to understand; obscure
Refulgent - (adj.) radiant; shiny; brilliant
Renege - (v) to fail to honor a commitment; to go back on a promise
Sedulous - (adj.) diligent; persistent; hardworking
Shard - (n) a piece of broken pottery or glass
Soporific - (adj.) causing drowsiness; tending to induce sleep
Sparse - (adj.) thin; not dense; arranged at widely spaced intervals
Spendthrift - (n) one who spends money wastefully
Subtle - (adj.) not obvious; elusive; difficult to discern
Terse - (adj.) brief and concise in wording
Tout - (v) to publicly praise or promote
Trenchant - (adj.) sharply perceptive; keen; penetrating
Unfeigned - (adj.) genuine; not false or hypocritical
Untenable - (adj.) indefensible; not viable; uninhabitable
Vacillate - (v) to waver indecisively between one course of action or opinion and another; waver
Variegated - (adj.) multicolored; characterized by a variety of patches of different colors
Vexation - (n) annoyance; irritation
Vigilant - (adj.) alertly watchful
Vituperate - (v) to use harsh, condemnatory language; to abuse or censure severely or abusively; berate
Volatile - (adj.) readily changing to a vapor; changeable; fickle; explosive
Plethora - (n) an overabundance; a surplus
Abyss – (n) an immeasurably deep chasm or void; a bottomless pit
Alleviate – (v) to make more bearable
Arbitrate – (v) to judge a dispute between two opposing parties
Ardor – (n) intense and passionate feeling
Articulate – (v) able to speak clearly and expressively
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Assuage – (v) to make something unpleasant less severe
Attenuate – (v) to reduce in force or degree; to weaken
Audacious – (adj) fearless and daring
Austere – (adj) severe or stern in appearance, undecorated
Banal – (adj) predictable, clichéd, boring
Bolster – (v) to support; to prop up
Candid – (adj) impartial and honest in speech
Capricious – (adj) changing one's mind quickly and often; whimsical
Crescendo – (n) steadily increasing volume or force
Deference – (n) respect, courtesy
Desultory – (adj) jumping from one thing to another; disconnected
Diffident – (adj) lacking self-confidence
Dilate – (v) to make larger; to expand
Dilatory – (adj) intended to delay
Dirge – (n) a funeral hymn; a mournful poem; a funeral service in its solemn or sung forms
Disabuse – (v) to set right; to free from error
Discern – (v) to perceive; to recognize
Disparate – (adj) fundamentally different; entirely unlike
Dissonance – (n) a harsh and disagreeable combination, often of sounds
Dupe – (v) to deceive; a person who is easily deceived
Efficacy – (n) effectiveness
Eloquent – (adj) persuasive and moving, especially in speech
Emulate – (v) to copy; to try to equal or excel
Enervate – (v) to reduce in strength
Engender – (v) to produce, cause, or bring about
Enumerate – (v) to count, list, or itemize
Equivocate – (v)to use expressions of double meaning in order to mislead
Erratic –(adj) wandering and unpredictable; lacking regularity
Erudite – (adj) learned, scholarly, bookish
Estimable – (adj) admirable
Euphemism – (n) use of an inoffensive word or phrase in place of a more distasteful one
Exculpate - (v) to clear from blame; prove innocent
Exigent - (adj) urgent; requiring immediate action
Explicit - (adj) clearly stated or shown; forthright in expression
Fanatical - (adj) acting excessively enthusiastic; filled with extreme, unquestioned devotion
Fervid - (adj) intensely emotional; feverish
Florid - (adj) excessively decorated or embellished
Foment - (v) to arouse or incite
Frugality - (adj) a tendency to be thrifty or cheap
Gregarious - (adj) outgoing, sociable
Guile - (n) deceit or trickery
Gullible - (adj) easily deceived; naive
Homogenous - (adj) of a similar kind
Impervious - (adj) impossible to penetrate; incapable of being affected
9|Page
10. 302. Ingenuous - (adj) showing innocence or childlike simplicity
303. Inundate - (v) to overwhelm; to cover with water
304. Lament -(v) to express sorrow; to grieve
305. Laud - (v) to give praise; to glorify
306. Lavish - (adj) to give unsparingly; or extremely generous or extravagant
307. Lethargic - (adj) acting in an indifferent or slow, sluggish manner
308. Lucid - (adj) clear and easily understood
309. Malinger – (v) to evade responsibility by pretending to be ill
310. Monotony - (n) lack of variation
311. Naïve - (adj) lacking sophistication or experience
312. Obviate - (v) to prevent; to make unnecessary
313. Ostentation - (n) excessive showiness; flashiness
314. Paradox - (n) a contradiction or dilemma
315. Paragon - (n) a model of excellence or perfection
316. Perfidious - (adj) willing to betray one's trust
317. Perfunctory - (adj) done in a routine way; indifferent
318. Permeate - (v) to penetrate
319. Philanthropy - (n)charity; a desire or effort to promote goodness
320. Plastic – (adj) able to be molded, altered, or bent; impressionable
321. Precipitate – (v) to throw violently or bring about abruptly; lacking deliberation
322. Prevaricate – (v) to lie or deviate from the truth
323. Propitiate – (v) to conciliate; to appease
324. Propriety – (n) correct behavior; obedience to rules and customs
325. Prudence – (n) wisdom, caution, or restraint
326. Quiescent – (adj) motionless; inactive; dormant
327. Reticent - (adj) silent, reserved
328. Satiate – (v) to satisfy fully or overindulge
329. Stigma – (n)a mark of shame or discredit
330. Stolid - (adj) unemotional; lacking sensitivity; impassive
331. Sublime - (adj) lofty or grand
332. Taciturn - (adj) silent, not talkative ; tacit – done without using words
333. Torpor – (n) extreme mental and physical sluggishness
334. Transitory - (adj) temporary, lasting a brief time
335. Venerate – (v)to respect deeply
336. Veracity – (noun) filled with truth and accuracy
337. Verbose – (adj) wordy
338. Waver – (v) to fluctuate between choices
339. Whimsical – (adj) acting in a fanciful or capricious manner; unpredictable
340. Tumult (n) - violent and noisy commotion or disturbance of a crowd or mob; uproar; great mental or emotional
agitation
341. Trifling (adj) - of very little importance; trivial; insignificant
342. Schism (n) - division or disunion, especially into mutually opposed parties.
343. Heresy (n) - any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs, customs, etc.
10 | P a g e
11. ROOT LIST
Root
Meaning
Example
A
acu, ac, acr
sharp
acute, acupuncture, accurate
ag, agi, ig, act
do, move, go
agent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous, action
ali, allo, alter
other
alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism
agog
leader
demagogue, pedagogue
alt(us)
high, deep
altimeter, altitude
am, amor
love, liking
amiable, amorous, enamoured
anni, annu, enni
year
anniversary, annually, centennial
anthrop
man
anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy
anti(co)
old
antique, antiquated, antiquity
arch
chief, first, rule
archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy, matriarchy,
patriarchy, Archeozoic era
aster, astr
star
aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
aud, aus,audit, aur
hear, listen
audiology, auditorium, audio, audition, ausculate
aug, auc
increase
augur, augment, auction
aev, ev
age, era
primeval, coeval, medieval
agri, agrari
field
agrarian, agriculture, peregrination
anim
mind, soul
animadvert, unanimous, magnanimity
11 | P a g e
12. apt
fit
aptitude, adapt
auto, aut
self
automobile, autograph, automatic
B
belli
war
rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose
bibl
book
Bible, bibliography, bibliomania
bio
life
biology, biometrics, biome, biosphere
brev
short
abbreviate, brief
bene, ben
good
benefactor, benevolence, beign
C
cad, cas
to fall
cadaver, cadence, cascade
calor
heat
calorie, caloric, calorimeter
cap, cip, cept
take
capable, intercept, forceps, capture, except,
reciprocate
capit, capt
head
decapitate, capital, captain, caption
carn
flesh
carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal
caus, caut
burn, heat
caustic, cauldron, cauterize
cause, cuse, cus
cause, motive
because, excuse, accusation
ced, ceed, cede, cess
move, yield, go, surrender
procedure, proceed, cede, concede, recede, precede,
accede, success
cenetri
center
concentric, centrifugal, centripetal, eccentric
chrom
color
chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic
12 | P a g e
14. deca
ten
decade, decalogue, decathlon, decahedron
dem
people
democracy, demography, epidemic
dent, dont
tooth
dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal
derm
skin
hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy
dict
say, speak
dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone,
edict, predict, verdict, contradict, benediction
doc, dokein
teach
doctrine, indoctrinate, document, dogma, dogmatic
domin
master
dominate, dominion, predominant, domain
don
give
donate, condone
dorm
sleep
dormant, dormitory
dox
opinion, praise
orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology
drome
run, step
syndrome (run together), hippodrome (place where
horses run)
duc, duct
lead
induce, seduce (lead aside), produce, reduce
dura
hard, lasting
durable, duration, endure
dynam
power
dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics
E
endo
within
endorse, endocardial, endoskeletal, endoskeleton,
endosperm
equi
equal
equinox, equilibrium, equipoise
erg
work
energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph,
ergophobia
14 | P a g e
15. F
fac, fact, fic, fect
do, make
factory, fact, manufacture, amplification, confection
fall, fals
deceive
fallacy, falsify, fallacious
fer
bear, carry
ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transfer
fid, fide, feder(is)
faith, trust
confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel,
federal, confederacy, semper fi
fila, fili
thread
filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster
fin
end, ended, finished
final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale
fix
fix
fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix
flex, flect
bend
flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect, deflect
flu, fluc, fluv
flowing
influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate
form
form, shape
form, uniform, conform, formulary, perform, formal,
formula
fort, forc
strong
fort, fortress, fortify, forte, fortitude
fract, frag
break
fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract
G
gam
marriage
bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
gastr (o)
stomach
gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod
gen
birth, race, produce
genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate,
genetic, antigen, pathogen
geo
earth
geometry, geography, geocentric, geology
15 | P a g e
16. germ
vital part
germination, germ, germane
gest
carry, bear
congest, gestation
gloss, glot
tongue
glossary, polyglot, epiglottis
glu, glo
lump, bond, glue
glue, agglutinate, conglomerate
grad, gress
step, go
grade, gradual, graduate, progress, graduated, egress
graph, gram
write, written
graph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite,
telegram
grat
pleasing
congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate
grav
heavy, weighty
grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate
greg
herd
gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian
H
hypn
sleep
hypnosis, hypnotherapy
helio
sun
heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric
hema, hemo
blood
hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat
here, hes
stick
adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary
hetero
different
heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox
homo
same
homogeneous, homonym, homogenize
hum, human
earth, ground, man
humus, exhume, humane
hydr, hydra, hydro
water
dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrogen,
hydrophobia
16 | P a g e
17. I
ignis
fire
ignite, igneous, ignition
J
ject
throw
deject, inject, project, eject, interject
join, junct
join
adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction,
conjunction
juven
young
juvenile, rejuvenate
L
lau, lav, lot, lut
wash
launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute
leg
law
legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize
levi
light
alleviate, levitate, levity
liber, liver
free
liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance
liter
letters
literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate
loc, loco
place
locality, allocate, locomotion
log, logo, ology
word, study, speech
catalog, prologue, dialogue, logogram (symbol
representing a word), zoology
loqu, locut
talk, speak
eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution
luc, lum, lus, lun
light
translucent, luminary, luster, luna (moon goddess)
M
macr-, macer
lean
emaciated, meager
17 | P a g e
18. magn
great
magnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate,
magnitude, magnum
man
hand
manual, manage, manufacture, manacle, manicure,
manifest, maneuver, emancipate
mand
command
mandatory, remand, mandate
mania
madness
mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania
mar, mari, mer
sea, pool
marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid
matri
mother
matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron
medi
half, middle, between,
halfway
mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre,
medium
mega
great
megaphone, megalopolis, megacycle (a million
cycles), megaton
mem
remember
memo, commemoration, memento, memoir,
memorable
meter
measure
meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometer
micro
small
microscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave,
micrometer
migra
wander
migrate, emigrant, immigrate
mit, miss
send
emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit,
omit, intermittent, mission, missile
mob, mot, mov
move
mobile, motionless, motor
mon
warn, remind
monument, admonition, monitor, premonition
mor, mort
mortal, death
mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary
morph
form
amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis, morphology
multi
many, much
multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply
18 | P a g e
19. N
nat, nasc
to be from, to spring forth
innate, natal, native, renaissance
neo
new
Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte,
neonate
neur
nerve
neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic
nom
law, order
autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economy
nomen, nomin
name
nomenclature, nominate, ignominious
nov
new
novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate
nox, noc
night
nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent
numer
number
numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable
numisma
coin
numismatics
O
oligo
few, little
Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy
omni
all, every
omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous
onym
name
anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym
oper
work
operate, cooperate, opus
ortho
straight, correct
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox
P
pac
peace
pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean
paleo
old
Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism,
paleopsychology
19 | P a g e
20. pan
all
Pan-American, pan-African, panacea, pandemonium
(place of all the demons),
pater, patr
father
paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize
path, pathy
feeling, suffering
pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy
ped, pod
foot
pedal, impede (get feet in a trap), pedestrian,
centipede, tripod, podiatry, antipode
pedo
child
orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics
pel, puls
drive, urge
compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse,
pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsive
pend, pens, pond
hang, weigh
pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage, pensive
phage
eat
macrophage, bacteriophage
phil
love
philosophy, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile
phlegma
inflammation
phlegm, phlegmatic
phobia, phobos
fear
phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia,
ergophobia, homophobia
phon
sound
phonograph, phonetic, symphony, homophone,
euphonious
photo
light
photograph, photoelectric, photogenic,
photosynthesis
plac, plais
please
placid, placebo, placate, complacent
plu, plur, plus
more
plural, pluralist, plus
pneuma, pneumon
breath
pneumatic, pneumonia,
poli
city
metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis, megalopolis,
acropolis
poly
many
polysaccharide, polyandrous, polytheistic
20 | P a g e
21. pon, pos, pound
place, put
postpone, component, opponent, proponent, expose,
impose, deposit, posture, position, expound,
impound
pop
people
population, populous, popular
port
carry
porter, portable, transport, report, export, import,
support, transportation
portion
part, share
portion, proportion
pot
power
potential, potentate, impotent
prehendere
seize, grasp
apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, prehensile
prim, prime
first
primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal,
primeval
proto
first
prototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan,
Proterozoic, protoindustrial
psych
mind, soul
psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
punct
point, dot
punctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture,
punctuation
R
reg, recti
straighten
regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle
ri, ridi, risi
laughter
deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible
rog, roga
ask
prerogative, interrogation, derogatory
rupt
break
rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible
S
sacr, sanc, secr
sacred
sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate, desecrate
salv, salu
safe, healthy
salvation, salvage, salutation
21 | P a g e
23. sphere
ball, sphere
sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid
spir
breath
spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire,
respiration
string, strict
draw tight
stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, boa constrictor
stru, struct
build
construe (build in the mind, interpret), structure,
construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy
sume, sump
take, use, waste
consume, assume (to take, to use), sump pump
presumption (to take or use before knowing all the
facts
T
tact, tang, tag, tig,
ting
touch
tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible,
contagious, contiguous
tele
far
telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope, television,
telephoto, telecast, telepathy
tempo
time
tempo, temporary, extemporaneously,
contemporary, pro tem, temporal
ten, tin, tain
hold
tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention,
retentive, content, pertinent, continent, obstinate,
contain, abstain, pertain, detain
tend, tent, tens
stretch, strain
tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend,
superintend, tender, extent, tension, pretense
terra
earth
terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial
test
to bear witness
testament, detest, testimony, attest
the, theo
God, a god
monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology
therm
heat
thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle,
thermostat, hypothermia
thesis, thet
place, put
antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet
tom
cut
atom (not cuttable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy,
dichotomy, anatomy
tort, tors
twist
torture (twisting to inflict pain) retort, extort, distort,
contort, torsion, tortuous, torturous
23 | P a g e
24. tox
poison
toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra
draw, pull
tractor, attract, subtract, tractable, abstract,
subtrahend
tom
cut
atom (not cutable, smallest particle of matter),
appendectomy, tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy
tort, tors
twist
torture (twisting to inflict pain), retort, extort (twist
out), distort, contort, torsion
tox
poison
toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra
draw, pull
tractor, attract, traction, subtract, tractable, abstract
(to draw away), subtrahend (the number to be drawn
away from another).
trib
pay, bestow
tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary
turbo
disturb
turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil
typ
print
type, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter,
typology, typify
U
ultima
last
ultimate, ultimatum
umber, umbraticum
shadow
umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate
uni
one
unicorn, unify, university, unanimous, universal
V
vac
empty
vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant, vacuous
vale, vali, valu
strength, worth
equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor
ven, vent
come
convene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue,
circumvent, invent, convent, venture, event, advent,
prevent
ver, veri
TRUE
very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude
24 | P a g e
25. vert, vers
turn
avert, divert, invert, introvert, convertible, reverse,
controversy, versatile
vic, vicis
change, substitute
vicarious, vicar, vicissitude
vict, vinc
conquer
victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible
vid, vis
see
video, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise,
supervise, vista, visit, vision
viv, vita, vivi
alive, life
revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection
voc
call
vocation, avocation, convocation, invocation, evoke,
provoke, revoke, advocate, provocative, vocal
vol
will
malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition
volcan
fire
volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan
volvo
turn about, roll
revolve, voluble (easily turned about or around
or talkative), voluminous, convolution
vor
eat greedily
voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous,
devour
Z
zo
animal
zoo (short for zoological garden), zoology,
zoomorphism (attributing animal form to god), zodiac
(circle of animal constellations), protozoan
25 | P a g e
26. PREFIX LIST
Prefix
Meaning
Example
A
a,ac,ad,af,ag,al, an, ap,
as, at
to, toward, in addition
to, according to
ahead, accompany, adhere, affix, aggravate, alarm,
appall, assent, attempt
a, an
without, not
asexual, amoral, anarchy, anhydrous, Anabaptist,
anachronism
ab, abs, a
apart, away from
abnormal, abduct, abductor (muscle), abscission
.See ad in Prefixes,
ad
toward
adhere, adductor (muscle) . See ab in Prefixessection),
adumbrate
agere
act
agent, agency, agenda
amphi, ambi
round, both sides
amphitheater, amphibian, ambidextrous, ambivalent
ante
before
antedate, anteroom, antecedent, anterior
anthro
man
anthropology, anthropomorphic
anti
against
antipathy, antitank, anticlimax
aqua
water
aquarium, aqueous
archaios
ancient
archeology, archetype, archaic, archeozoic
archos
leader, first, chief
monarchy, oligarchy, anarchy, archetype, architect
arch
chief, first
archetype, archbishop, archeology
audio
hear
audiophile, audiometer, auditory
auto
self
automatic, automaton, auto-immune
B
bi
two
bi-partisan, bisexual, biennial, binary, bicuspid, bivalve
26 | P a g e
27. bene
well, favorable
benefit, benevolent, benefactor, beneficent
bible
book
bibliography, Bible, bibliophile
bio
life
biology, biography, bio-active
C
cata
down
catastrophe, cataract, catapult
contra, contro
against
contravene, controversy
co, cog,col,com,con,cor
with, together,mutually
coherent, cognizant, collapse, companion, concur,
correspond
caco
Bad
cacophony
cide
kill
homicide, parricide, germicidal, ecocide
circum
around
circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate
constitutus
stand
constitution, statute
corpus
body
corpse, corporeal punishment, corpus callosum
cracy
rule
democracy, theocrat, technocracy
credo
belief
credit, (see also roots section)
D
demos
people
democracy, demographic
de
to do the opposite of
decriminalize, degenerate
di
two, double
dimorphism, dicotyledon, diatomic
dia
across, through
diagonal, dialectic, dialogue, diagnosis
27 | P a g e
28. dis
not, apart
disperse, disinherit, disenfranchise, distend
dys
faulty, bad
dyslexia, dyspepsia
dominus
lord
dominant, dominion
dynasthai
be able
dynamic, dynamo, dynasty, dynamite
E
ego
I, self
ego, egomaniac, egocentric,
epi
upon, over
epidermis, epidemic, epigram, epitaph, epithet,
epiphyte, epistasis, epinephrine, epiphysis
ex,e
out of, Away from
exotic, exterior, extraneous, extemporaneous,
exophalmic, exogenous, exothermic, exoskeleton
extra, extro
beyond, outside
extracirrcular, extraterritorial, extrovert
em, en
to put into, to cause to
be
endear, embody
F
frater
brother
fraternize, fraternity, fraternal, fratricide
G
geo
earth
geology, geography, geocentric, geomancy
H
hetero
mixed, unlike
heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox, heterodont,
hetero atom, heterocyclic, heterozygous,
hypo
beneath, lower
hypoglycemia
homo
same, alike
homogeneous, homogenized, homozygous, homolytic
fission, Homo sapiens, homonid, homeostasis
28 | P a g e
29. I
idem
the same
identity, idiopathic, I, individual
ideo
idea
ideology, ideation, ideal
idios
one's own
idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiopathic
in(il,im, ir)
in, on, upon
incarcerate, incorporate, inculcate, induction,
inductance, indigenous, indicator, inspiration
in, im
not
incredible, ignoble, inglorious, inhospitable, infinite,
infinitesimal, immoral
inter
between
interact, interstellar, interpret, interstitial
intra, intro
within
intramural, introvert
L
legis (lex)
law
legal, legislature
lexis
word
lexicon, lexicography
liber
free, book
liberty, library, liberal
locus
place
locality, local, circumlocution
M
macro
large
macroeconomics, macroscopic, macrophage
micro
small
microscope, micron, micrometer, microorganism
mono
one, single
monocle, monopoly, monogamy, monovalent,
monomania, monarchy
multi
many
multifarious, multitudinous
29 | P a g e
30. mortis
death
mortician, mortuary, moribund, morbid
nomen
name
noble, ignominy, nomenclature, nominal
mal
bad
maladjusted, malformed
mis
wrong,bad, improper
misnomer, mischance, misdemeanor
mis
hatred
misanthrope, misogynist
meta
involving change
metamorphosis
O
olig
few
oligarchy, oligopoly
P
para
beside
paradigm, paragraph
per
through, completely
permeable, pervade
pater
father
paternal, paternity, patricide
peri
around
peripatetic, periscope, perineum, peritoneum
philo
love
philosophy, philanthropy
polein
sell
monopoly
porto
carry
porter, export
post
after
post script (p.s.), ex post facto, post hoc, post-mortem
pre
before
premier, preview, premium, prescient
pro
before, in favor of
project, projectile,
30 | P a g e
31. psyche
mind, soul
psychology
publicus
people
public, republic, pub, publican
poly
many
polygamist, polyglot
prim
first
primordial, primogeniture
proto
first
prototype
pseudo
FALSE
pseudonym
R
riparia
river
riparian
re
back,again
reiterate,reimburse
retro
backward
retrospect, retroactive
S
scope
examine
microscope, oscilloscope
se
away, aside
secede, seclude, seduce
solus
alone
solo, solitary
subter
under, secret
subterfuge, subtle, subaltern, subterranean
syn (sym, syl, sys)
together, with
synchronize, symphony, sympathy, syncretic, syncope
semi
half, partly
semiannual, semiconscious
sub (suc, suf, sug, sup,
sus)
under, less
subway, subjugate, succumb
super, sur
over, above
supernatural, supervise, surtax
31 | P a g e
32. T
tele
distance
telegraph, telephone, teleology
trans
across
transport, transcend, transmogrify
tri
three
trilogy, tricycle
U
utilis
useful
utility, utilitarian
ultra
beyond, excessive
ultramodern, ultacritical
un
not
unfeigned, unkemt, unwitting
uni
one
unison, sunicycle
under
below
undergrid, underling
V
vide, visibil, vis
see
video, vision, visible
vice
in place of
vicarious, viceroy
W
with
away, against
withhold, withstand
32 | P a g e
33. SUFFIX LIST
Suffix
Meaning
Example
A
able, ible
able, capable
capable, agreeable, edible, visible
ac, ic
like, pertaining to
cardiac, aquatic, dramatic
ade
result of action
blockade
age
act of, state of, result of
storage, wreckage, damage
al
relating to
gradual, manual, natural
algia
pain
neuralgia, nostalgia, myalgia
an, ian
native of, relating to
African, riparian,
ance, ancy
action, process, state
assistance, allowance, defiance
acious, icious
full of
audacious, perspicacious, avaricious
ant, ent
full of
eloquent, suppliant, verdant
ate
to make
consecrate, enervate, mitigate
ation
that which is
exasperation, irritation
ary, ery, ory, ar
relating to, quality, place where
aviary, bravery, dormitory
C
cian
possessing a specific skill or art
magician, physician,
cy, acy
action, function
hesitancy, prophecy, normalcy
cule, ling
very small
molecule, ridicule, animalcule, duckling, sapling
D
dom
quality, realm
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
E
ee
one who receives the action
refugee, nominee, lessee
en
made of, to make
silken, frozen, wooden
ence, ency
action, state of, quality
difference, confidence, urgency, agency
33 | P a g e
34. er, or
one who, that which
baker, miller, professor
escent
in the process of
adolescent, senescence, putrescence
ese
a native of, the language of
Javanese, Japanese, Balinese
esis, osis
action, process, condition
genesis, hypnosis, neurosis, osmosis
ess
female
goddess, lioness, actress
et, ette
small one, group
midget, baronet, sextet, lorgnette
F
fic
making, causing
scientific, specific
fold
divided or multiplied by
trifold, hundredfold
ful
full of
frightful, careful, helpful
fy, ify
make
beautify, fortify, simplify
H
hood
order, condition, quality
manhood, adulthood
I
ia
disease or condition of
inertia, anemia
iatry
medical treatment
psychiatry, podiatry
ician
one who
physician, mortician
ics
science of
athletics, physics
ic
nature of, like
metallic, acidic, bucolic, simplistic
ice
condition, state, quality
justice, malice
id, ide
a thing connected with or belonging to
fluid, fluoride, bromide
ile
relating to, suited for, capable of
juvenile, senile, purile, missile
ine
nature of
feminine, genuine, medicine
ion, sion, tion
act, result, or state of
cancellation, contagion, infection, crenellation
ish
origin, nature, resembling
foolish, Irish, clownish, impish
ism
system, manner, condition,
characteristic
alcoholism, communism, capitalism,
34 | P a g e
35. ist
one who, that which
artist, dentist, flautist
ite
nature of, quality of, mineral product
prelate, Mennonite, dynamite, graphite, Israelite
ity, ty
state of, quality
celebrity, captivity, clarity, poverty
ive, ative, itive
causing, making
abusive, exhaustive, abortive
iferous
producing, bearing
pestiferous, vaciferous
ize, ise
make
emphasize, exercise, bowdlerize, bastardize,
idolize, fanaticize
L
logy
study, science, theory
biology, anthropology, geology, neurology
ly
like, manner of
carelessly, fearlessly, hopelessly
less
without
careless, hopeless
M
ment
act of, state or, result
containment, contentment, amendment
N
ness
state of
carelessness, restlessness
nomy
law
autonomy, economy, taxonomy
O
oid
resembling
asteroid, spheroid, rhomboid, anthropoid
ous, eous, ose, ious
full of, having
gracious, nervous, pompous,
ose
full of
Verbose, lachrymose
osis
condition
psychosis, neurosis, hypnosis
S
ship
state of, office, quality
assistantship, friendship, authorship
some
like, apt, tending to
lonesome, lissome, threesome, gruesome
T
35 | P a g e
36. tude
state of, condition of
gratitude, aptitude, multitude
U
ure
state of, act, process, rank
culture, literature, rupture, rapture
W
wise
in the manner of
otherwise, clockwise
ward
in the direction of
eastward, downward, backward
Y
y
inclined to, tend to
cheery, crafty, faulty
36 | P a g e