8. Caribbean Experiments
► Columbus’s second voyage to the New
World established the first Spanish colony
in the Americas (in present-day Santo
Domingo).
► Tainos were the first indigenous people to
meet the Spaniards.
9.
10.
11. The Conquistadors’ Onslaught
at Tenochtitlan
► Withina single generation after the
death of Columbus, Spain had conquered
most of the New World.
► Spainwas motivated by religion,
nationalist pride, and dreams of personal
enrichment.
12.
13. The Great Dying
► Spanish contacts with the natives of the
Caribbean, central Mexico, and Peru in the
early sixteenth century triggered a
biological epidemic of smallpox in which
some 6 million people perished in 15
years.
14. The Columbian Exchange
► Imported animals from Europe (cattle,
goats, pigs, etc.) devastated the fragile
environment of the New World.
► Various plants (especially weeds) imported
accidentally from Europe caused
significant damage to the ecosystem
15.
16. Silver, Sugar, and
Their Consequences
► Silver was found abundantly in the New World,
especially in South America.
► Native labor was coerced into mining the metal
for the Spanish.
► Wild influx of silver nearly destroyed the
financial markets of Europe.
► Sugar production grew at an alarming rate, due
to the changing tastes of Europeans.
► African slaves were deemed the best labor to
produce the sugar.
17. Spain’s Northern Frontier
► Composed of the present-day Sun
Belt of the United States:
Texas
Florida
New Mexico
Arizona
California
20. England Challenges Spain
► England was the slowest European power to
begin expansion in the New World.
► They were initially motivated by the need to
expand fishing areas and find new sources of
wood.
► The rift between England and Spain centered on
religion (Catholic v. Protestant).
► England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588; a
gigantic upset.
21. The Westward Fever
► The opportunities of the New World began
to permeate all levels of English society in
the 1580s.
► England’s first effort at colonization
occurred in Ireland.
► England’s first attempts at American
colonization were weak and unprofitable.
22. Anticipating
North America
► Early English settlers had vague ideas
about the nature of the American
natives, some true some false.
► Some saw Indians as savage predators
to be conquered quickly.
► Others saw them as docile and child-like
24. The Slave Trade
► TheAfrican slave trade began as an
attempt to fill a labor shortage in the
Mediterranean region as early as the
eighth century.
► Portuguese merchants were the first
European slave traders following decades
of trade by the Arabs and Moors.
25.
26. The Middle Passage
► Alsoknown as the Atlantic
Passage, transferred
slaves to the New World
in four to eight weeks on
board sailing vessels.
► Conditionswere incredibly
bad and many Africans
died during the forced
journey.
27.
28. Slavery in Early Spanish
Colonies
► Many thousands of African slaves were brought
along by the great Spanish explorers of the late
fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries:
► Ponce de Leon
► Vasquez
► De Soto
► Coronado
