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Hand out ยีนและโครโมโซม

  • 1. ƒ´¥˜m´¤™¯–¤·›Ã§²Ä†¥Ä£Ä£ ¤·›Ã§²Ä†¥Ä£Ä£ *HQH DQG &KURPRVRPH *HQH DQG &KURPRVRPH By Thanyamon C. By Thanyamon C. 1 By Thanyamon C. 2 ƒ´¥˜m´¤™¯–¤·›Ã§²Ä†¥Ä£Ä£ ™¦«·Ä†¥Ä£Ä£Å›ƒ´¥˜m´¤™¯–§³ƒ«•²™´‰ ³›šºƒ¥¥£ FKURPRVRPH WKHRU RI LQKHULWDQFH z ©¯§Â—¯¥q ³–—³› :DOWHU 6XWWRQ |› œº††§Ã¥ƒ™·ÂÊ ¬›¯ z ¤·›£· Œº– ç²Ä†¥Ä£Ä£ƒÉ£· Œº– ŠÏ´›©›Œº–„¯‰¤·›Â™m´ƒ³œŠÏ´›©› Œº–„¯‰Ä†¥Ä£Ä£ ™¦«·Ä†¥Ä£Ä£Å›ƒ´¥˜m´¤™¯–§³ƒ«•²™´‰  ³›šºƒ¥¥£ FKURPRVRPH WKHRU RI z ¤·›Ã§²Ä†¥Ä£Ä£¬´£´¥˜m´¤™¯–Ɲ¬»¥›§»ƒ­§´›Æ–n m ºm LQKHULWDQFH ƣį¶ z „•²™·£ƒ´¥Ãœm‰Â§§qÃœœ ƣį¶¬ PHLRVLV Ć¥Ä£Ä££·ƒ´¥Â„n´†»ƒ› Ê· m³ †¹¯ ¬¶‰™·ÂÊ ¥·¤ƒ©m´ áƒÂ—¯¥q Š´ƒ„n¯Â¬›¯„¯‰ Ê Ã§²—m´‰Ã¤ƒƒ³›Æ¤³‰Â§§q§ƒÃ—m§²Â§§q ¤·›ƒÉ£ƒ´¥Ã¤ƒ—³©„¯‰Ã¯§§·§–n©¤ » · „¯‰Ã¯§§· £›Â–§¸Ê £›Â–§¸‰—m¯£´Â¥·¤ƒ©m´ ¤·› ›³››m´Š²¯¤»œ› Ë m z ƒ´¥Ã¤ƒ—³©„¯‰Ä†¥Ä£Ä£™·Â|›†»ƒ›Æ¤³‰„³©Â§§q¯¤m´‰¯¶¬¥²ÂŒm›Â–·¤©ƒ³œƒ´¥ Ê m³ Ë ¤©ƒ³ Ć¥Ä£Ä£  ¥´²£·Â­—ºƒ´¥•q­§´¤¯¤m´‰™·¤› Ê· „¯‰Ã¯§§· 䃗³©„¯‰Ã¯§§·§ ç²Ä†¥Ä£ ç²Ä†¥Ä£ £·†©´£¬¯–†§n¯‰ƒ³›ƒ³› By Thanyamon C. 3 By Thanyamon C. 4
  • 2. ™¦«·Ä†¥Ä£Ä£Å›ƒ´¥˜m´¤™¯–§³ƒ«•²™´‰ ³›šºƒ¥¥£ ƒ´¥†n› œ¬´¥ ³›šºƒ¥¥£ FKURPRVRPH WKHRU RI LQKHULWDQFH —m¯ z ÂŒ¯¥q ¯¡ £¶ÂŒ¯¥q ) 0LHVFKHU Æ–nªƒ«´ ¸ z „•²Âƒ¶–ƒ´¥¬¹œ ³›šºq ƒ´¥¥©£„¯‰Â§§qÆ„mƒœ¬Âc¥£ |›ÆÄƒ—ƒ¶–Ãœœ¬º£ ³ q ƍă— ă—ƒ¶ m ™Ï´Å­nŒ–Ć¥Ä£Ä£Š´ƒÂ§§qÆ„m粬c¥£Â|›ÆÃœœ¬º£–n©¤ ÂŒm›Â–·¤©ƒ³œ º q m ¬m©›¥²ƒ¯œ„¯‰›¶©Â†§·¤¬Å›Â£É–§¹¯–„´©  œ©m´ „¯‰Ã¯§ §Š´ƒÂ§§q 裏·§Š´ƒ  ¶ ¯›Æ£q ¶›Æ£m¬´£´¥˜¤m¯¤¬´¥Œ›¶–­›¸‰Å›Ê ƒ´¥¥©£Œº–„¯‰Ã¯§§·§Š´ƒÂ§§qÆ„m粬c¥£ q ›¶©Â†§·¤¬Æ–n £¹¯©¶Â†¥´²­q¬©›¥²ƒ¯œ  œ©m´ Ê m z ™ºƒÂ§§q™ ”›´£´Š´ƒÆÄƒ—Š²£·Ä†¥Ä£Ä£†¥¸‰­›¸‰£´Š´ƒ m¯ 粯·ƒ ·Ê ³ Ê Ê £· 1 ç² 3 |›¯‰†q¥²ƒ¯œ Š¸‰—³‰Œ¹¯©m´ Ë Ê †¥¸‰­›¸‰£´Š´ƒÃ£m ÂŒm›Â–·¤©ƒ³›ƒ³œ¤·›™·†¥¸‰­›¸‰£´Š´ƒ m¯Ã§²†¥¸‰­›¸‰£´ Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê ©†§·¯¶ ›¶©†§·¯¶› QXFOHLQ ¸‰—m¯£´Æ–n§·¤›Œ¹¯Â|› Ê Ê Ê Š´ƒÃ£m ƒ¥–›¶©†§·¯ƒ QXFOHLF DFLG  ¥´² œ©m´ ¶ ¬¥º †¹†¹¯¯ ¤·¤·›¯¤»œ›Ä†¥Ä£Ä£›³›Â¯‰ ¬¥º ›¯¤»m œ›Ä†¥Ä£Ä£›³Ê ›Â¯‰ m Ê ¬´¥›·£¬£œ³—¶ |›ƒ¥– Ë· By Thanyamon C. 5 By Thanyamon C. 6 ƒ´¥†n› œ¬´¥ ³›šºƒ¥¥£ —m¯ ƒ´¥†n› œ¬´¥ ³›šºƒ¥¥£ —m¯ z Û ¯´¥q ¡¯¤§qÛ 5 )HXOJHQ Æ–n ”›´¬· ³ z ¯¡ ƒ¥¶¡¡c™ ¡º†¶› ¸‰¤n¯£—¶– '1$ Å­n¬·Ã–‰ ¸‰Â£¹¯›Ï´Æ Ê Ê Ê ) *ULIILWK ¤n¯£Â§§q  œ©m´—¶–™·›©Â†§·¤¬ ç²¥©£ƒ³› Ê ¶ ™Ï´ƒ´¥™–§¯‰Ä–¤ƒ´¥ ­›´Ã›m›™·Ä†¥Ä£Ä£ Š¸‰¬¥º©m´ Ê ‹·–Ãœ†™·Â¥·¤™·™´Å­n ÊÏ '1$ |›¬´¥ ³›šºƒ¥¥£„¯‰¬¶‰£·Œ©— Ê ·¶ ƒ¶–Ä¥†¯–œ©£Å› z ×m›ƒ©¶™¤´ª´¬—¥qÅ›¬£³¤›³›¬m©›Å­mÂŒ¹¯©m´ ³ Ë Ê ­›» Ä–¤ÅŒnÃœ†™·Â¥·¤ ¬´¥ ³›šºƒ¥¥£›m´Š²Â|›Ä¥—·›  ¥´²£· ¬´¤ ³›šºq ŠÏ´›©›Œ›¶–£´ƒ ¯™·Š²†©œ†º£§³ƒ«•²„¯‰ Ê ¬¶‰£·Œ©—Æ–n¯¤m´‰†¥œ˜n©› Ê ·¶ By Thanyamon C. 7 By Thanyamon C. 8
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