This issue of THINK magazine discusses several topics including:
1) The design of four high-speed railway stations in Saudi Arabia influenced by Islamic architecture.
2) A ranking of the most reputable universities globally which found American universities dominated the top spots.
3) A prediction that Saudi Arabia will become the richest economy in the Middle East and 6th richest globally by 2050.
4) An agreement for Real Madrid to build a sports academy in Saudi Arabia and plans in Qatar to use an artificial cloud to provide shade at World Cup stadiums.
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THINK Q2 2011
1. 2 0 1 1
G L O B A L I S S U E S I N P E R S P E C T I V E
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4. I S S U E 1 7 2 0 1 1
G L O B A L I S S U E S I N P E R S P E C T I V E
20 thE 2011 globAl 44 thE NEw worlD orDEr 60 AN APPY MEDIUM
coMPEtIvENEss forUM China’s exponential growth as an economic Applications development has become big business,
This year’s GCF’s had leaders from diverse backgrounds superpower has important lessons for other economies. growing into a multi-billion dollar industry in just a few years.
discussing how innovation can add a competitive edge.
52 fooD INsEcUrItY 70 A vIEw froM thE toP
30 MINEr IssUEs – MAJor ProblEM While rising food prices threaten global stability, the A slew of upscale property openings around the
After a spate of high-profile incidents, the mining solution may lie in alternate agricultural practices. world are revving up tourism.
industry is working hard to clean up its act.
56 sPEllINg sUccEss 74 soN of thE soIl
34 trIcKs of thE trADE Dyslexics’ strong visual and spatial skills The second artist to exhibit under the aegis of Project
The theft of millions in carbon credits has made and lateral thinking abilities makes them great 60, Abdullah Hamas’s work is deeply rooted in his heritage
regulators sit up and take note. entrepreneurs. and culture.
04
5. “rEcogNIsINg thAt Its
coMPEtItIvE ADvANtAgE Is
Not thrEAtENED If thE worlD
UsEs solAr AND wIND ENErgY,
thIs rEgIoN shoUlD sEEK to
bEcoME thE EPIcENtrE of thE
sUstAINAblE ENErgY EcoNoMY
of thE worlD. wE NEED to UsE
thE rEsoUrcEs UNDErNEAth
thE groUND to crEAtE MorE
oPPortUNItIEs for thosE
PEoPlE thAt ArE oN toP of It.”
ForMEr US PrESIdENT BILL CLINToN
78 bEYoND thE boArDrooM regulars opinion
Trends in fashion, gadgets and lifestyle for spring
11 sPEctrUM 83 fUtUrE thINKINg 26 cEo sPEAKs 51 thINKINg
The best and brightest ideas An energy-efficient offshore to thINK forwArD
from around the world marine research centre Meet Magatte Philip Stanton on the new
Wade-Marchand, a developments shaping the
17 Art+cUltUrE 85 booKs compassionate capitalist. Middle East
A look at the flourishing art THINK reviews the best
scene in Saudi Arabia reads this quarter 40 thINK 64 whAt Do
roUNDtAblE YoU thINK
69 ProfIlE 86 vIsIoNArY How cross-border bourses are Students from around the
Calvin Chin is making Eco-activist and Nobel gaining a competitive edge world discuss if sports can
tertiary education accessible Laureate Wangari Maathai through large-scale mergers. be an engine for growth
05
6. Sagia EdITorIAL AdvISor Fahd M Hamidaddin
ProjECT LEAdEr Aseel A Al-Zamil
motivate publiShing EdITor-IN-CHIEF Obaid Humaid Al Tayer
GroUP EdITor + MANAGING PArTNEr Ian Fairservice
GroUP SENIor EdITor Gina Johnson
GroUP EdITor Catherine Belbin catherine@motivate.ae
dEPUTy EdITor Shalaka Paradkar shalaka@motivate.ae
CHIEF SUB EdITor Iain Smith iain@motivate.ae
EdITorIAL ASSISTANT Belinda Igaya belinda@motivate.ae
GENErAL MANAGEr GroUP SALES Anthony Milne anthony@motivate.ae
SENIor AdvErTISEMENT MANAGEr Rowena Miranda rowena@motivate.ae
dEPUTy AdvErTISEMENT MANAGEr Omar Al Eit omar@motivate.ae
GENErAL MANAGEr – ProdUCTIoN + CIrCULATIoN S. Sasidharan sasidharan@motivate.ae
ProdUCTIoN MANAGEr C. Sudhakar sudhakar@motivate.ae
dESIGN Design Studio
INTErNATIoNAL CorrESPoNdENTS Steve Hill, Joanne Molina, Lisa Vincenti, Dorothy Waldman, Richard Warren, Samia Qaiyum
C
SAuDI ARABIAn GEnERAL InVESTMEnT AuTHORITy (SAGIA)
SAGIA HEADQuARTERS Imam Saud Bin Abdulaziz Road (university Road), PO Box 5927, Riyadh 11432, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, M
T +966 1 203 5555 F +966 1 263 2894 E Info@sagia.gov.sa
Y
SAGIA InTERnATIOnAL OFFICES
CM
MIddLE EAST & AFrICA Hatem A Al-Ahmad; E mena@sagia.gov.sa
EUroPE Mai Al-Torki; E europe@sagia.gov.sa
MY
FrANCE Lucile Pons van der Slikke; E france@sagia.gov.sa CY
ITALy Mai Al-Torki; E italy@sagia.gov.sa CMY
GErMANy dahlia T rahaimy; E germany@sagia.gov.sa
K
UNITEd KINGdoM Sara Bouzo; E uk@sagia.gov.sa
THE AMErICAS Ahmed Islam; E americas@sagia.gov.sa
WASHINGToN dC Ahmed Islam; E americas@sagia.gov.sa
EAST ASIA Noriko Sozuki; E japan@sagia.gov.sa
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HEAd oFFICE Po Box 2331, dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Motivate Publishing LLC, on behalf of Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, publishes THINK quarterly. SAGIA and Motivate Publishing do not accept liability for errors or omissions contained in this publication for whatever reason, however
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9. edit
Q2 2011
tHinKing on a new plane
Rejuvenation has been uppermost on our minds as Wade’s “compassionate capitalism” rejuvenated an thinking. It implies THINKing about how routine
we come to terms with the turmoil of recent events, impoverished African economy, thereby creating jobs processes can be made more sustainable, more
In TransIT II, 2010, ABdULNASSEr GHArEM
whether wreaked by nature or the financial markets. and wealth. Or in China, where the world’s largest efficient and more profitable.
In this issue of THINK, our international country has embraced a new way of thinking to THINK of it as a spa treatment for your mind –
correspondents set about finding ideas and become the world’s second-largest economy. Carbon rejuvenating the way you think about the same old,
innovations that rejuvenate. credits have rejuvenated the thinking about how same old.
Be it profit generation, as exemplified by Magatte businesses can cut emissions and still be profitable.
Wade, one of the speakers at the fifth annual Global World-renowned lateral thinking expert Edward Catherine Belbin
Competitiveness Forum organised by SAGIA. de Bono says the way forward lies in value-added Group Editor THINK@motivate.ae
09
10.
11. spectrum
tHe rigHt
place at tHe
rigHt time
wrIttEN bY stEvE hIll
revolutionary work in the fields of crop
growth and medicine, the world’s most
liveable city, plus new hotels and football
facilities for Saudi Arabia make the
headlines
011
12. spectrum
oN trAcK
The designs of four stations conceived
by Foster & Partners for the Haramain
high-speed railway in Saudi Arabia have
been revealed.
The cities of Makkah, Madinah,
jeddah and the developing King
Abdullah Economic City in the west will
be connected by the railway, which will
provide a new link for pilgrims travelling
during the Hajj. Islamic architectural
traditions have influenced the design
of 25 metre-high arches in each of the
stations, due to be completed by May
2013.
toP of thE clAss
Seven of the 10 most reputable
universities in the world – and 45 of the
leading 100 – are American, according
CoUrTESy oF SINGAPorE ToUrISM BoArd
to the results of a global poll published
by Times Higher Education. Harvard
was at the top of the list followed by the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Two British universities – Cambridge
(third) and oxford (sixth) – also feature in
the top 10. japan is the only other nation
to break into the top ten with Tokyo
growing Wealth
University in eighth place. surpass Canada, Britain and Switzerland to
rankings were based on a survey of become the sixth richest economy in the world
more than 13,000 academics from 131 by 2050. The report stated that Singapore
countries. retained its position as the globe’s richest
sAUDI ArAbIA will become the richest average of more than $98,000 per annum, economy, in terms of GDP per capita by 2050,
economy in the Middle East in terms of GDP according to a forecast by Citibank. at $137,710 followed by Hong Kong ($116,639)
per capita by 2050 when citizens will earn an It also predicted that Saudi Arabia will and Taiwan ($114,093).
Bloomberg
Businessweek’s best
undergrad B-school for 2011
for thE second consecutive year, the study abroad at an international institution like
sPortINg goAl
World football powerhouse real Madrid
museum’s Boost University of Notre Dame’s Mendoza College
of Business won top spot in Bloomberg
Cass Business School in London or Bocconi
University in Milan.
has inked an agreement with the Prince thE forD Foundation has contributed $3 Businessweek’s ranking of the best undergraduate The rest of the places in the top 10 went
Salman Foundation to build a sports million towards the final construction costs of the business programmes in the USA. to (in order of ranking): University of
academy in Saudi Arabia for 300 new building housing New York’s Museum for Students at Mendoza have the option of Pennsylvania (Wharton), Cornell University
children. The Spanish club currently has African Art, which is due to open later this year. studying abroad in countries like Egypt and (Dyson), Ithaca, N.Y, University of Michigan
68 academies in 32 countries. The Ford Foundation Lobby will be an South Africa. Second place went to University (Ross), Ann Arbor, Villanova University,
Madrid President Florentino Perez said: integral part of the $90-million museum of Virginia’s McIntire School of Commerce Pennsylvania, University of North Carolina
“The academy will serve as a marvellous which has been designed by Robert AM Stern (McIntire Undergraduate Business Profile). (Kenan-Flagler), Chapel Hill, Massachusetts
alliance and will allow us to open several Architects. Other donors to the museum After McIntire is Emory’s Goizueta Business Institute of Technology (Sloan), Cambridge,
others across the 13 provinces of Saudi include David Rockefeller, John Tishman and School (Goizueta Undergraduate Business and Georgetown University (McDonough),
Arabia.” the Walt Disney Company. Profile), a programme that enables students to Washington, D.C.
012
13. spectrum
sky’s
the limit
ExPErts IN Qatar are getting creative
in preparation for the 2022 World Cup. Dr.
Saud Abdul Ghani, head of Mechanical and
Industrial Engineering at Qatar University,
has unveiled the design of an artificial helium-
filled cloud to float over Doha’s open-air
stadiums, shading and cooling the grounds
during matches. E-booKs INNovAtIoN
The project will be executed in collaboration rufoof, a bookstore application that
with Qatar Science and Technology Park. targets the Arab audience with more than
Estimated to cost $500,000, the remote- 4,500 books covering various sectors,
controlled cloud will be made of 100 per cent was launched in Saudi Arabia at the
light carbonic materials and fuelled by four Second International Conference on
solar-powered engines, flying at a very high e-Learning staged in riyadh.
altitude to block direct and indirect sunrays. The rufoof app download is free
Final Frontiers
and can be downloaded from itunes.
Users can view a wide range of titles
in different categories and download
DiScovery, naSa’s oldest surviving space shuttle, will be sent to the Smithsonian a sample to have the content available
institute for display after being retired from active duty. it racked up nearly 240 even when the device is offline.
million kilometres over the course of 39 missions in 27 years, spending 365 days in
space. Discovery flew to the international Space Station 13 times and carried a total fAr tEAchINg
of 184 astronauts. naSa’s two other shuttles are also set to be retired following the King Abdulaziz University has become
end of the space shuttle programme. a member of the SAP University Alliance
Programme – a global endeavour that
helps faculty members teach students
how technology can enable integrated
business processes and strategic thinking.
Professor osama Bin Sadeq Tayyeb,
taking Flight
economy-class seats. The remaining jetliners President of King Abdulaziz University,
are in the new High Density configuration, said: “We have selected SAP’s business
which accommodates 14 business-class and solutions for their functionality to support
327 economy-class seats. teaching, learning and business
boEINg AND Saudi Arabian Airlines are range) is scheduled to be completed later this First class seats feature 39.1cm in-seat processes, enabling us to improve
teaming up to modernise the carrier’s fleet of year. video monitors with PC power and powered our financial management, maintain
777s to enhance passenger experience. The Eight of the aeroplanes feature Saudi Arabian seat adjustment, while Business Class seats operational excellence, improve
cabin modification programme involving the Airlines’ new Business Market configuration, have 30.7cm in-seat video monitors, also with productivity and ensure best-practice.”
interiors of 22 Boeing 777-200ERs (extended with 24 first class, 38 business-class and 170 PC power and powered adjustment capability. The university, established in 1967,
now boasts 140,000 students.
clEAN brEAK
Investment in clean energy hit record
levels in 2010, climbing 30 per cent
to $243 billion according to the latest
analysis of global renewable energy
markets by Ernst & young. However, there
is concern that government spending cuts
around the world could restrict continued
expansion of the industry.
China remains the clear global leader
in terms of renewable energy with its
wind capacity increasing by 64 per cent
in 2010.
013
14. spectrum
PowEr lIst
Lubna olayan, the CEo of riyadh-based
olayan Financing Company, is the
second most powerful Arab woman in
the world according to CEo Middle East
magazine.
olayan Financing was launched
by her father in 1947 and has grown
to become one of the nation’s most
successful conglomerates. olayan, who
in 2004 spoke at the WEF in davos,
Switzerland is also on the board of the
Beirut-based Arab Thought Foundation.
top of the crops
Regions where water quantity and quality
are limited, such as Saudi Arabia and the
Middle East, could benefit by growing crops
engineered for stress tolerance, which would
rEsEArchErs at King Abdullah resistance of current crop varieties. Dr Magdy address the problem of the nutritional needs
University of Science and Technology Mahfouz and his research team have been of a growing population and pave the way for
(KAUST) have developed technology that looking at a new way of genetically engineering surplus crops to be exported to GM-restrictive
could improve the quality, yield and disease plants to tolerate aggressive environments. markets like Japan.
the place
to Be
lUPUs brEAKthroUgh vANcoUvEr has emerged as the most
The US Food and drug Administration liveable city in the world for the fifth successive
has approved the first new treatment for year, under an annual index compiled by the
lupus in more than 50 years. Economist Intelligence Unit.
Benlysta is an injectable drug A combination of stability, healthcare,
developed over 15 years by US biotech culture and environment, education and
PHoTo CoUrTESy oF ToUrISM vANCoUvEr
Human Genome Sciences. infrastructure helped the Canadian west coast
It is estimated that this chronic and city emerge with a score of 98 per cent. Two
often disabling autoimmune disease other Canadian cities were in the top 10, with
affects more than 1.5 million Americans, Toronto listed in fourth place and Calgary fifth.
90 per cent of whom are women. Melbourne leapfrogged the Austrian capital of
Symptoms include fever, exhaustion, Vienna into second place.
fatigue, joint pains and skin rashes, and The leading US city was Pittsburgh, in 29th
there is no known cure for the disease. position, while New York stayed at 56th.
014
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16.
17. art + culture
right to the art of it
TErMINAL, THE GroUNdBrEAKING ExHIBITIoN By EdGE oF ArABIA,
IS HELPING To PUT SAUdI ArABIAN ArTISTS oN THE MAP ANd SHoWING
oFF THE CoUNTry’S FLoUrISHING CULTUrAL CrEdENTIALS.
wrIttEN bY sAMIA QAIYUM
If thoughts about the Kingdom of Saudi Kingdom, ranging from the mountains international cultural relationships, and addressed concepts of travel,
Arabia only evoke images of vast deserts, of Aseer to the backstreets of Jeddah. stimulate interest and investment in bureaucracy, privacy and identity
great wealth and limitless reserves of It all started back in 2003, when Saudi art. through the eyes of eight leading Saudi
crude oil you should think again. British artist Steven Stapleton embarked Following successful exhibitions contemporary artists. The artworks, all
An unexpected side of Saudi Arabia on a bumpy bus ride across Yemen’s in Venice, Riyadh, Berlin and most commissioned for this show, ranged
has been revealed through the efforts of border with Saudi Arabia. His journey recently Istanbul, Edge of Arabia kicked from photography and sculpture to
Edge of Arabia, a grassroots initiative introduced him to young artists at off 2011 with its first major exhibition performance, video and installation.
that allows global audiences to better the Al-Miftaha Arts Village in Abha in the Gulf from March 14-April 15 The issue of travelling for people
engage with the country’s relatively and ultimately welcomed an isolated at the Dubai International Finance from the Middle East, especially
Screened unknown art culture. The non-profit arts community into mainstream Centre. Saudi, has changed drastically post
2011 organisation brings together a new conversation. Launched in London in Entitled TERMINAL, the highly 9/11. Having said that, more Saudis
maha malluh generation of artists from all over the 2008, Edge of Arabia aims to enhance conceptual and experiential exhibition are now travelling than ever before,
017
18. art + culture
absorbing new ideas and challenging
their own ideologies in the process.
Both dynamics were reflected in the
artworks; and the results were as
educational as they were inspiring, as
unpredictable as they were beautiful.
a tale of
Upon arrival at the exhibition,
a “passport” was provided to take
one through the airport setting that 1
candidly mirrored the discomforts of
travelling in today’s world. Viewers two cities
were guided from check-in through
to security and immigration, before Taking viewers on a journey of exploration
allowing them a moment to pause and illumination between Makkah and
and reflect in the first class lounge. venice will be the Saudi pavilion at the 54th
Contemporary art in Saudi Arabia may venice Biennale.
be nascent, but TERMINAL proved Entitled The Black arch, the exhibition will
to be surprisingly vibrant, critical and showcase work by Shadia and raja Alem,
innovative. two artists who offer two different visions of
3
Curator Bashar Al Shroogi tradition, memory and contemporary issues
commented: “Edge of Arabia has – one as a novelist and the other as a visual
come a long way in terms of the artist. They were chosen after their proposals
development of the exhibition as were considered to be the most appropriate
a whole, as well as the individual for the biennial’s theme, which this year is
growth of artistic expression of the 2 “Illumination”.
artists themselves. TERMINAL pushes The sisters grew up in Makkah and
curatorial boundaries in dialoguing Art Beijing studied classical literature, but it is their
with audiences via an experiential April 29 – May 2 everyday experiences in the city (that
installation. It also marks a maturity China National Agriculture Exhibition annually hosts millions of people from all
in the relationship between artists and Centre, Beijing, China over the world) that dominates their work at
4
curators working within very tightly the pavilion. Saudi traditions and the Muslim
defined parameters. It is fantastic to see CONTACT Photography Festival Art HK pilgrimage form the exhibition’s backdrop.
the artists of Saudi Arabia pioneering May 1- 31 May 26-29 “I grew up aware of the physical
this curatorial relationship for the first Multiple venues, Toronto, ON Canada Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition presence of black all around – the black
time in the Gulf.” Centre, Hong Kong silhouettes of Saudi women, the black cloth
The Edge of Arabia world tour is Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty of the Kaaba and the Black Stone,” raja
globally sponsored by ALJ Community May 4 - July 31 Tim Burton explains.
Initiatives and undertaken in Metropolitan Museum of Art, New May 29 – October 31 In turn, the colour becomes the main
partnership with the Saudi Arabian York, US Los Angeles County Museum of Art, theme of the exhibition itself and also works
General Investment Authority Los Angeles, US to contrast the other part of the work, a
(SAGIA). Art Amsterdam mirror image reflecting the present. Black
May 11- 15 54th International Art Exhibition – also represents the rich life the sisters lead
Art AgENDA Amsterdam RAI, Parkhal (hal 8), Venice Biennale in Makkah; the past full of people, mostly
Miró Amsterdam, Holland June 4 – November 27 pilgrims, stories told by grandmothers and
April 14 – September 11 Multiple venues, Venice, Italy the rich traditions of Islam’s holiest city.
Tate Modern, London, England SP-Arte This is Saudi Arabia’s debut at the venice
May 12 – 15 Photoespana Biennale. Its mere presence is important on 1. inside
Rembrandt and the Face of Jesus Pavilhão Ciccillo Matarazzo, São Paulo, June 9 – July 25 many levels, but it is vital for Saudi artists, TERMINAL
April 21 – July 18 Brazil Paseo de Castellana, Madrid, Spain who have gained considerable confidence 2. curator
Louvre, Paris, France in the wake of the rise of the contemporary bashar al
Art Melbourne Picasso: Masterpieces from the Musée Khaleej art market. Shroogi
Art Brussels May 19 – 22 June 11 – October 9 The 54th International art Exhibition will run 3. Brainwash,
April 28 – May 1 Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne, National Picasso, Paris De Young from June 4 to november 27. 2011
Brussels Expo, Halls 1 & 3, Brussels, Australia Museum, San Francisco, US Official partners for the saudi arabian hala ali
Belgium pavilion include The Ministry of Culture and 4. Concrete
arteBA Art Basel Information of the Kingdom of saudi arabia, Block IV
Art Chicago May 19 to 23 June 15-19 the saudi arabian General Investment 2010
April 29 – May 2 La Rural, Pabellones Azul y Verde, Messe Basel, Halls 1 & 2, Basel, authority (saGIa), saudi aramco, and the abdulnasser
The Merchandise Mart, Chicago, US Buenos Aires, Argentina Switzerland saudi research and Marketing Group. gharem
018
19. art + culture
going once,
going twice
Edge of Arabia continues its
commitment to reinvest in the future
of arts and culture in Saudi Arabia by
auctioning six works of contemporary
Arab, Iranian and Turkish art on April
19 in Dubai. Held in conjunction with
the region’s leading art auctioneer,
Christie’s Dubai, at the Jumeirah
Emirates Towers Hotel, the sale is a
fundraiser to enable the expansion of
Edge of Arabia’s education programme
and art workshops in Saudi schools and
universities.
The auction reflects the surge of
interest in the region’s arts during
the past few years. Local art shows
are on the rise, more Saudi artists are
participating in overseas exhibitions
and more educational institutes are
now offering arts degrees. This group
of iconic works feature highlights from
previous international exhibitions and
it is estimated it will raise in the region
of $150,000:
1. The highlight of the sale is a wood
and copper dome symbolising the
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem by
Abdulnasser Gharem, a pioneer of
conceptual art in Saudi Arabia and
co-founder of Edge of Arabia. Entitled
Message/Messenger and created in
2010, it hides beneath its vast diameter
a small dove, the symbol of peace.
Estimated at $70,000-$100,000.
2. Edge of Arabia co-founder Ahmed
Mater lives in southern Saudi Arabia
and is much celebrated for his X-Ray
Illumination series. The work offered
for sale, Evolution of Man, is a series of
five light boxes showing a petrol pump
in x-ray form slowly evolving into the
head and torso of a man pointing the
pump nozzle and then a gun to his 4. Manal Al Dowayan, a leading
head. Estimated at $22,000-$28,000. Saudi lens-based artist known for her
depiction of Saudi women’s issues
3. Maharem, a play on the Arabic word through art, is offering the Time 5. Maha Malluh is a photographer
used to describe tissues and your close Seduces and Time Betrays triptych. This based in Riyadh. Since recently, she has 6. A Lambda print mounted on
family, is by Ayman Yossri. In this monumental piece is from her recent begun to work with photograms – one aluminium by Sami Al-Turki entitled
work, the Jeddah-based artist has taken series, which depicts an imagined of the oldest forms of photography Marhabba from the series Washaeg. It
a group of tissue boxes, decorated them conversation between urban inhabitants using photographic paper exposed depicts two figures in the desert before
with posters advertising classic Arabic and their cityscape, confronting the to light. Unveiled is a large lightbox an expansive sky pierced with sunlight,
films from the 1940s or 1950s and complex issues of uncertainty, conflict containing a group of kitchen utensils and became iconic as the marketing
stacked them beside and on top of one and constant flux in the relationship. animated with smiling faces. Estimated image for Edge of Arabia Dubai.
another. Estimated at $20,000-$25,000. Estimated at $15,000-$20,000. at $5,000-$7,000. Estimated at $5,000-$7,000.
019
20. thE 201
globAl 1
coMPEtItIvENEss forUM
SoME oF THE WorLd’S MoST PoWErFUL BUSINESS, PoLITICAL ANd ENvIroNMENTAL
LEAdErS GATHErEd For THE FIFTH TIME IN SAUdI ArABIA To dISCUSS HoW CoUNTrIES
ANd LEAdING BUSINESSES CAN FoSTEr INNovATIoN. wrIttEN bY JoANNE MolINA
020
21. World event
The Saudi Arabian General
Investment Authority
(SAGIA) was pleased at the
enormous success of the
world’s premier conference
about competitiveness:
the Fifth Annual Global
Competitiveness Forum
(GCF), which was held
on January 22-25 in
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
cElEbrAtINg its fifth anniversary, the conference, this year’s theme
was Innovation as a Means to Competitiveness, built upon last year’s
conference discussion that focused on balancing economic growth and
sustainability through competitiveness.
The GCF theme was particularly relevant as Saudi Arabia continues
its unprecedented economic growth and continues to build upon the
last five years of social and political reforms. For the past four years,
participants at the GCF discussed innovation as a means of developing
competitiveness in order to build sustainability, drive economic growth
and promote responsible development. This year’s GCF was the first
paperless forum of its kind as all participants had iPads and paper was
banned.
His Excellency Amr Al-Dabbagh, Governor and Chairman of the
Board, Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, explained the
importance of the conference for Saudi Arabia and the world. “While the
GCF is global in scope, it has special relevance for us here in Saudi Arabia.
In defining the country’s development strategy, the Supreme Economic
Council through the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority,
has committed to achieving world-class economic competitiveness
as the platform for enhanced prosperity.” But he also emphasises that
this prosperity should not come at any price. “To deliver sustainable
prosperity, capitalism must be attentive to social, environmental, political
and financial systems, with which it is intertwined. This imperative is
reinforced daily by the pressure placed on the foundations of the world’s
economic well-being. Achieving sustainable competitiveness has never
been a more pressing challenge, neither for Saudi Arabia nor for other
forward-looking nations.”
According to Citibank’s forecast, Saudi Arabia is set to be the Middle
East’s richest economy in terms of GDP per capita by 2050. Citibank
also reported that Saudis will have an average wealth of $98,311 by 2050,
nearly four times the current rate of $24,200 gross domestic product
(GDP) per capita, according to the CIA World Factbook. Saudi Arabia
tops the rankings for the Middle East and will be sixth overall on the
global list by 2050, the forecast showed. In total, the Gulf is estimated to
contribute four per cent of global GDP by 2030 and by five percent by 2050.
The GCF launched in 2006 in Riyadh under the patronage of HM King
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1. Sagia governor amr al Dabbagh Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. It Walt Disney International, agreed saying: “The ecosystem should lay the
and former uS president bill clinton started as a gathering of Information, Communication and Technology groundwork for innovation, then management should allow innovators
at the SFg gala dinner 2. paul (ICT) experts, including Bill Gates, as a vehicle to discuss how these free reign to come up with ideas and be supportive even if they fail.”
hawken, environmental activist and technologies enable and encourage competitiveness. Since the success of Former US President Bill Clinton gave one of the most talked-about
author 3. Former uK prime minister its launch, the GCF has been the only event of its kind, functioning as an keynote speeches on the third day of the conference. “In an interdependent
tony blair 4. adel m. Fakeih, mayor annual meeting of global business leaders, international political leaders world, innovation has to be built into the model and structure of operations,”
of Jeddah 5. chrystia Freeland, and selected intellectuals and journalists to create a dialogue with respect he said. Clinton spoke about innovation and competitiveness around the
global editor-at-large, reuters to the positive impact organisational and national competitiveness can globe and how it all relates to Saudi Arabia. Often the best innovation isn’t
6. ulf henriksson, chief executive and have on local, regional and global economic and social development. dramatic but rather just “doing what we already do better”, he continued.
director, apv uK limited Its vision and mission continue to be the same: an annual programme “The iPad is an incredible innovation, but only 15 per cent of the world’s
7. his excellency Dr. muhammad of activities attended by global business leaders, international political population has the capabilities to use it.”
Sulaiman al-Jasser, governor, Saudi leaders and selected intellectuals who share a common interest in At this year’s GCF, the spotlight was turned on five groundbreaking
arabian monetary agency (Sama) competitiveness. The forum is dedicated to fostering awareness initiatives. The first initiative, The Saudi Fast Growth Awards (SFG),
8. helmut Schuehsler, managing and enthusiasm around the issue of competitiveness, evaluating the an annual ranking of the fastest-growing companies in Saudi Arabia,
partner, tvm capital 9. James S. applicability of competitiveness theory and practice as a tool for launched by SAGIA, awards and highlights Saudi companies that are
turley, chairman and ceo, ernst & generating real solutions to contemporary global challenges. creating jobs and spurring innovation. The top three winners for 2010 were
young 10. andy bird, chairman, the First Gulf Company, Dnata Travel and Waseel ASP Ltd, respectively.
Walt Disney international thIs YEAr’s first conference panel, Innovation as a Means of The second initiative, The Saudi Responsible Competitiveness Index
Competitiveness, started by delving directly into the theme of innovation, (RCI) analyses how Saudi companies are building competitive advantage
asserting that the future will reward those countries whose competitiveness by managing their social and environmental impacts. Led by the King
drives them to create and think ahead. “Innovation is the best way Khalid Foundation and SAGIA, it is supported by the international think-
to compete for companies as well as countries,” said panelist David tank AccountAbility. This year’s winners of the King Khalid Responsible
Drummond, Google’s senior vice-president of corporate development. Competitiveness Award were Saudi Basic Industrial Company, SABIC
During the course of the discussion, four key factors that foster (first), National Commercial Bank (second), International Medical
innovation were established: an ecosystem that fosters change, a culture Centre and Dr Fakeeh Hospital (sharing third place).
of tolerance towards failure, a supportive regulatory environment and The third initiative, The Most Competitive Youth (MCY), is a strategic
availability of risk capital. “These add up to creating the environment that initiative to engage Saudi youth in applying 21st-century skillsets
induces innovation,” said Jim Albaugh, president and CEO of Boeing. to improving their communities; inspiring creativity, promoting
John Rose, CEO of Rolls Royce, raised in important point, reminding innovation, and bringing Saudi Arabia’s economy to the forefront of
the panel that “not all innovation is good innovation” and that often competitiveness. Rayan Al-Dafas, a 15-year-old Saudi student, bagged
innovations aren’t commercially viable. Albaugh supported Rose’s top honours this year. The fourth initiative, The Top 100 FDI initiative,
observation, citing his experience with engineers at Boeing. He discussed was introduced by SAGIA to recognise top FDI companies, and highlight
how each innovation an engineer makes should be respected so as not to their contribution to the Kingdom, the largest recipient of FDI in the
discourage the engineer to innovate in the future. Andy Bird, chairman of region and the eighth largest in the world. The fifth initiative, Saudi
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Oxford Leadership, was launched in 2009 as a joint initiative by SAGIA, countries is nearing its level in the OECD industrialised countries and 1. abe m. Sher, founder, chairman
North Development Program, and Oxford University’s Saïd Business will surpass it by 2013.” and ceo of aqua Sciences, inc.
School. The Saudi Oxford Leaders Event at GCF 2011 highlighted the The future of innovation in the energy field was also a hot topic at the 2. Steven mills, senior vice president,
objectives and strategy behind the creation of SOAMLP, the connection conference. The panel The Shift in the Energy Landscape addressed how ibm 3. canadian senator, marie-
between leadership development and competitiveness, and showcased diverse technologies to develop clean energy are on the rise. Joe Stanislaw paule poulin
the alumni’s community-based projects for improving Saudi society. of the JA Stanislaw Group discussed how the future is “clean” and Sandra
In celebration of Saudi Arabia’s improving to 11th place in the Ease of Wu of Koksai Kogyo Group urged Saudi Arabia to utilise advanced
Doing Business Ranking and eighth in global inflows of FDI, the GCF Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in building solar power plants.
panel on 10x10: A Case Study highlighted how accomplishments over the She said that satellite technologies will be crucial for selecting land and
past five years have laid an excellent foundation for Saudi Arabia’s future positioning solar panels, and that, using GIS, Saudi Arabia would be able
and it’s global presence. to maximise the productivity of its plants.
President Bill Clinton said, “The 10x10 programme represents Saudi Art was also the topic of spirited discussions at the GCF. Paola
Arabia’s commitment to thinking in terms of the future — not just Antonelli, senior curator of the Department of Architecture and Design
thinking of the present.” at the Museum of Modern Art; Jake Eberts, the award-winning movie
Amr Al-Dabbagh praised the success of 10x10, but he also said “this producer of A Journey to Mecca; Jitesh Gadhia, managing director of
is not the end of our competitiveness journey; the future will be even The Blackstone Group; Mona Khazindar, Curator of the Museum of the
more interesting. The Economic Cities will become new benchmarks Institut du Monde Arabe; and Venetia Porter, Curator of Islamic and
recognising Saudi Arabia’s second phase competitiveness.” Contemporary Middle East at The British Museum, each presented their
In his keynote speech, His Excellency Adel M Fakeih, the current Minister views during the panel, Creative Capital.
of Labour, addressed labour force reform in Saudi Arabia. According to HE Panelists discussed how art plays an important role in creating a
Fakeih, five million jobs need to be created in 20 years to keep up pace with competitive atmosphere. Khazindar showed slides of public art projects
work force growth. He reassured the audience that the Saudi Government and Porter gave an overview of important contemporary Saudi artists,
is working to fix this problem and he made three main recommendations: including Manal Al-Dowayan, who is supported by the Edge of Arabia
1) focus on job intervention policies that are “Saudisable” (industries where platform for promoting Saudi art. Eberts reflected on how business
Saudis want to work), 2) create economic activities and opportunities that philanthropy can turn creative ideas into powerful cultural forces,
deliver high salary jobs and 3) increase nationals’ participation in the private emphasising how “we are able to develop a sense of identity because
sector by creating an equal playing field and restoring fair competition of social interactions”. Gadhia explained how innovation and artistic
between nationals and expats. Other items that HE Fakeih put on the reform creativity are inseparable and offered suggestions for how the arts can
agenda were increasing the cost of foreign workers, giving youth incentives create growth in private-sector competitiveness.
to work in the private sector, making the labor market more transparent and Other speakers included Janine Benyus, Rahul Singh, Mohammed
creating a social welfare system. Rezwan, Jack Simm. Klaus Kleinfeld, Marco Tronchett-Provera. Jean
Pascale-Tricoire, Ulf Henriksson, James Wolfensohn, Professor Michael
IN hIs keynote speech on the global energy outlook 2011, His Porter, Linda Rottenberg, Paul Hawken, Jean Chrétien, Andy Meyers, Amy
Excellency Ali bin Ibrahim Al Naimi, Saudi Minister of Petroleum and Zhou, James Carpenter, Atul Punj and John C. Warner, among others.
Minerals said, “The world has clearly passed the global economic and “The insights that emerged during the conference were a testament to
financial crisis and deep recession it experienced in 2008-2009 and the growth and global scale of the GCF 2011,” says HE Amr Dabbagh.
entered as of last year a stage of growth which is expected to continue this Next year’s theme will build upon these insights. “The theme will be
year.” He added: “This year might mark an important turning point in “Competitive Entrepreneurship.” This is not the end of our competitiveness
this direction, as oil demand in the emerging economies and developing journey; the future will be even more interesting.”
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27. ceo speaKs
to tHinK
captital sm
W tH a
consc ence
MAGATTE WAdE-MArCHANd EArNS A LIvING By
wrIttEN bY lIsA vINcENtI
INTrodUCING AMErICANS To SoME oF HEr
HoMELANd’S NATIvE SECrETS, yET SHE doES So IN A MANNEr ILLUSTrATIvE oF A NEW BrEEd
oF CAPITALISTS WHo BELIEvE THEIr joBS Go
WELL BEyoNd jUST TUrNING A ProFIT.
MAgAttE Wade-Marchand, raised in Senegal,
educated in Germany and France, and now living in the United States,
is getting ready to launch her latest venture, a high-end cosmetics label At just 35, Wade-Marchand already has one flourishing company
that takes traditional beauty recipes from her homeland, and brings under her belt. Founded in 2004, Adina World Beverages introduced an
them into 21st century. Wade-Marchand has high-expectations for original Senegalese drink to US consumers, who have become increasing
Tiossano Tribe, as her collection is dubbed. thirsty for esoteric, organic beverages. The market penetration of Adina
Wade-Marchand is part of a growing number of entrepreneurs who in less than 10 years is impressive: the drink is now distributed through
believe that profits do not have to be made at the expense of others most Whole Food supermarkets (the owner of which counts himself
and the environment, they understand that every participant, from among the ranks of conscientious capitalists and was among the first
CEO to local workers, must reap the rewards of success. Consider to adopt this new business model) and was recently introduced to
it a corporate culture with soul; conscientious capitalism is what mainstream grocery chains such as Safeway, Publix and Raley’s.
these entrepreneurs, including Wade, ascribe to and they hope it will Yet while establishing Adina in the marketplace, Wade-Marchand
become the next major chapter in economics. lost touch with one of her original goals of the company and she feels
So when it comes to establishing her latest proposal, Wade-Marchand the founding of Tiossano is her way back. “Adina was founded after
is banking on Tiossano to not only help Senegalese workers earn a visiting Senegal and discovering that the traditional hibiscus beverage
comfortable living but also to provide them with the tools they need to that I had been raised with was being replaced by Coke and Fanta,”
turn Senegal into a haven of entrepreneurship. “Conscious capitalism notes Wade-Marchand, who is now based in the US but makes several
is capitalism that’s conscious of its deeper purpose,” she says. “My trips a year back to her homeland, where her family still lives.
purpose has always been to transform Africa by providing jobs, by “I knew the only chance that our beverage had of being respected
providing innovative education and, most importantly, by providing by Senegalese people would be if it became popular in the West.
a new identity for what it means to be African that will change both When I created Adina, hibiscus growing was in steep decline, and by
Africans and non-African perceptions.” partnering with (Agribusiness in Sustainable Natural African Plant
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28. ceo speaKs
to tHinK
KEvIN MCNULTy
1 2
Products) and the first lady of Senegal we were able to create a thriving What’s more the country exports slightly more than $2.1 billion (chiefly
organic hibiscus industry that now employs thousands of women. Since in fish, groundnuts, petroleum products, phosphates and cotton) while 3
then many organisations have been inspired by our visionary approach.” importing more than double that amount in food and beverages, capital
As Adina, which received a $30 million venture capital infusion, grew goods and fuels. The nation has been struggling for decades to create an
into a mainstream product, it began drifting away from its initial focus economy that can boost employment rates and income levels, yet change 1. magatte Wade with hibiscus
on indigenous African recipes, prompting Wade-Marchand to leave the has come slow. women co-op growers in Senegal.
company, although she remains the largest individual shareholder. Often relying on hand-outs of foreign aid for survival, Senegal – and 2. the new product tiossano from
“The great irony is that while I have probably founded the most most other African nations, Wade-Marchand contends – would do far Wade.
successful US consumer brand ever created by an African, the African better by fostering a spirit of entrepreneurship and enterprise instead. 3. a renewable energy power station
component of the brand has steadily shrunk as the brand became more Furthermore, many non-government initiatives that attempt to create jobs in a remote village.
successful,” she says. “Tiossano has been designed to ensure that will not in Senegal and Africa fail due to a lack of understanding by implementers
happen again.” that to get a crop like hibiscus grown is just one small factor in the success
of an agricultural project. It proves far more challenging to get crops to
sENEgAl, wIth Its population of more than 12 million, sits market rather than having them rot in the field without a strong, saleable
on the western most tip of Africa. One of the continent’s most stable concept, such as Adina, which serves as the buyer.
democracies, Senegal, with its low, rolling plains rising to foothills in “After 40 years of socialism, there was much optimism in 2000 when
the southeast, is nonetheless plagued by some of the same problems as President Wade was elected,” Wade-Marchand recalls. “Although he made
other African nations. Nearly half of the population is unemployed and some reforms which made it easier to start businesses in Senegal, in more
of those that do work, 77 per cent rely on agriculture to eke out a living, recent years reforms have gotten bogged down in politics and corruption.
according to the Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook. Senegal is a beautiful country with hard-working, respectful, decent people.
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2
3 4
“We have never had a coup nor civil war, our AIDS rate is similar California to adapt those beauty potions to American product
1. the Senegal countryside. to that of the US, we have none of the usual problems associated with standards. In fact, in the initial viability phase, Tiossano will be
2. a salesgirl in Dakar. Africa. If we can create a successful manufacturing sector we can produced, marketed and sold exclusively in the US.
3. a hotel in the Saly portudal area become the first African success story. In addition to the jobs created “Once we have adequate sales volume to justify moving production
on the petite cote. directly by my company, I wanted to serve as a model to the Senegalese to Senegal we will do so,” Wade-Marchand says, noting that she expects
4. a coastal town in Senegal. of how it is possible to create a world-class company. it will take about 18 months to build up enough capital to set up a
“I know many Indian entrepreneurs who said that when [IT and production facility in Senegal. “Thus our first impact [on Senegal] will
consulting company] Infosys became a global brand it inspired them be to create jobs. In addition, we are devoting 10 per cent of product
to create globally competitive companies as well. Today we all consider revenues to the creation of innovative education in Senegal, which will
Indians as entrepreneurial, but that was not the case 30 years ago… I empower Senegalese young people to become creators, innovators and
want to do the same for Senegal.” entrepreneurs.
“In order for Africans to obtain the respect and dignity they deserve,
wIth thE fIrst Tiossano beauty products coming to market this it is important that Africans not only escape poverty, but that they also
spring, Wade-Marchand has big plans for her current project. Based become competitive globally. By means of the example of my company,
just outside of New York, she apprenticed with a tradipractitioner in by the experience of working in my company and by means of the
Senegal to learn all she could about traditional recipes and techniques. schools we will create, we will provide a new generation of Senegalese
She then collaborated with a professional green chemistry lab in with the skills and inspiration to become globally competitive.”
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30. industry
MINEr IssUEs –
MAJor ProblEM
WIdESPrEAd ABUSES IN THE PAST HAvE EArNEd THE MINING INdUSTry A dIrTy
rEPUTATIoN. THE qUESTIoN NoW IS: CAN MINING CLEAN UP ITS ACT?
wrIttEN bY DorothY wAlDMAN
1
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32. mining
less destructive moving forward. Many mining companies, especially the
larger, more heavily regulated ones, have developed official sustainability
statements voicing their concern for safety and the environment, a small
but vital first step.
According to Martin Jones, director of the Banro Foundation, which
is involved in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: “With reputable
mining companies that (destruction) almost never happens. Any mine
being built today has to be built to global standards. In the Congo, the
Mining Code of 2003 is quite advanced. It is based on the best mining
practices in Africa and was put together with help from the World Bank.
If you do [build according to World Standards] there shouldn’t be any
environmental issues.”
The increase in awareness in the past few years has also inspired
responsible companies to take their own initiative to prevent these
disasters. Among advances being made are those by European Nichol,
which has developed heap leach technology that, in addition to being
effective and cost-effective in extracting the mineral that is used in
making stainless steel, is a method that considerably reduces carbon
dioxide emissions when compared with conventional processes. The
sulphuric acid used in the process is recycled to generate steam, which in
turn generates more electricity than the project needs. The excess is then
supplied to the local energy grid, thus reducing the need for fossil fuels.
Another reportedly more environmentally friendly technology for
extracting minerals is the bioleaching utilised by BacTech Environmental,
which uses naturally occurring bacteria rather than chemicals such as
cyanide and is purported to be a safer method of neutralising arsenic and
other toxins in mine site debris or “tailings”.
wAtEr MANAgEMENt is another vital aspect of the mining 1
process and involves recycling, conservation, quality-testing and storm
water management. Xstrata, which has 40 operations worldwide, with recycled. For one operation in Chile, treated wastewater accounts for 70 1. a view of the plant at crixas mine
close to half in arid regions, is working to lessen their demands on water per cent of the overall water consumed. Serra grande in brazil
sources through conservation Additional pressure to clean up the environment is coming from other 2. martin Jones, chairman of the
and the increased use sectors of the economy as well. Zale Corporation and 53 other jewellery banro Foundation
of recycled water. companies with annual sales of more than $5.75 billion are boycotting
Approximately 60 gold from the open-pit Pebble Mine in southwest Alaska, United States.
per cent of the water Open pit mining is a surface mining practice that leaves a huge pit in the
used in 2009, the last earth. “Such a large number of jewellers have never taken a stance on a
year statistics are particular place before,” Earthworks spokeswoman Bonnie Gestring says.
available for, was Some lenders are also taking a stand on mining practices. The loan
getting
the environment and to promote workplace “We are dealing with a population
safety. that really wants to see progress. They
Martin jones, chairman of the Banro are perfectly aware the Congo has been
it right Foundation, spoke to thINK.
“When we first went to the Congo
in the autumn of 2004, the first thing
left behind. They know they have limited
opportunities and that the rest of the world
has a higher standard of living, and more
bANro is a Canada-based gold we did was to meet with the tribal and opportunities in life. The know they have a
exploration and development company that administrative leadership in the regions limited skills base.”
is constructing a “phase one” gold mine where we were going to be active, as well
in the democratic republic of the Congo, as the government and church officials, The local leaders identified three areas
the first of a number of projects there. The and explained to them what our goals they specifically wanted the Foundation to
Banro Foundation was created to promote were going to be. We asked them how we address:
the social and economic development of could best work with them to make the most 1. Education
the local communities, to create jobs and effective contributions to these communities,” 2. Healthcare
training for Congolese citizens, to protect he said. 3. Social infrastructure
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