1. Slide

2. Presented to: Sir Nazir Malik Presented by: Sunila Aslam Nazish Shakeel Ayesha Afzal Sunbal Javaid Durr-e-Nayab Sadaf Mahreen

3. GRICE’S THEORY Slide

11. Conversational maxims Slide

13. Maxim of Quality

17. Example 2 Slide Jenny, how do you like this novel? Oh, I like the red cover. Because the Maxim is violated. Jenny says something that evidently she does not believe in (i.e. she told a lie). Why do we find Jenny’s reply strange?

18. Example 2 Slide The cover is clearly not red, and Jenny’s response is not what one would expect when deciding if one likes a novel. Deliberate and apparent violation of maxims is called “flouting” . We do not expect the Maxim to be violated. Flouting must be motivated. Oh, I like its red cover. Jenny, how do you like this novel?

19. Example 2 Oh, I like its red cover. Jenny, how do you like this novel? Inferences obtained from flouting of maxims are called implicatures . Jenny may be implicating that there is nothing about the novel that she likes, not even the cover. Note: Implicatures do not have to be necessarily true, since the inferences are guessed at rather than derived by formal logic. Slide

20. Maxim of Quantity

24. Example 2 Slide Liz, can I have John’s number? Yes . Despite her positive answer, we find Liz’s behavior weird. Why? Because the Maxim is violated. Less information is provided than is required.

25. Flouting a Maxim Slide Liz, can I have John’s number? Yes . In a case such as this, one might infer that Liz doesn’t have the number with her and will supply it later. Because we do not expect the Maxim to be violated, the apparent violation must be motivated. WHY? Deliberate and apparent violation of maxims is called “flouting” .

27. Maxim of Relation/Relevance

31. Example 2 Slide Daniel, is Morgan good as a finance manager? He is a polite man and works on time . We find Daniel’s behavior weird. Why? Because the Maxim is violated. Daniel’s contribution is irrelevant for the purpose of the conversation.

32. Example 2 Slide He is a polite man and works on time. In this case, one might infer Morgan is not a good finance manager. Because we do not expect the Maxim to be violated, the apparent violation must be motivated. Deliberate and apparent violation of maxims is called “flouting” . WHY? Daniel, is Morgan good as a finance manager?

36. Maxim of Manner

42. Example Slide One finds this conversation normal. Why? Because the Maxim is observed Laura jumped and ran to the pier. What did Laura do when she heard that Lauri’s boat had arrived?

43. Example Slide One finds this bewildering. Why? Because the Maxim is violated. What did Laura do when she heard that Lauri’s boat had arrived? Laura ran to the pier and jumped .

45. Violation Slide What did Laura do when she heard that Lauri’s boat had arrived? Laura ran to the pier and jumped. Deliberate and apparent violation of maxims is called “flouting” . We do not expect the Maxim to be violated. Flouting must be motivated. Inferences obtained from flouting of maxims are called implicatures . The woman in red may be implicating that Lauri is Laura’s nemesis.

47. Criticism Slide

61. The End