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Anthropology
- 1. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY WHAT IS IT? WHAT DOES A FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST DO? HOW DOES ONE BECOME A FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGIST?
- 2. Forensic Anthropology Defined as “the field of study that deals with the analysis of human skeletal remains resulting from unexplained deaths.” Often done in a legal context An applied science
- 4. What do forensic anthropologists do? CONSULTING: PART-TIME MEDICAL EXAMINER’S OFFICE: FULL-TIME FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
- 6. Osteology: study of skeletal remains Each bone studied INDIVIDUALLY Frontal Parietal Maxilla
- 7. Osteology Human bone –vs- Animal bone Macroscopic differences Microscopic differences
- 8. Macroscopic differences Baboon femur Human femur Greater Trocanter Lesser Trocanter Head Medail and Lateral epicondyles (patellar side)
- 9. Microscopic differences This is a microphoto is human bone use to id human remains from other mammals. The round features are secondary osteons photographed using polarizing light.
- 10. Microscopic differences Dinosaur bone thin section Human bone thin section
- 12. Osteology Teeth also studied Deciduous –vs- Permanent
- 14. Information derived from skeletal remains SEX of decedent Hip bone Skull Sciatic notch Pubic face
- 15. Pelvic Girdle – Male vs. Female Female Male (Fibrocartilage)
- 16. Determining Age At Death
- 17. Infant Skull or Not?
- 18. Teeth Have deciduous teeth fallen out? Have wisdom teeth erupted?
- 20. Epiphyses Fused = adult An epiphysis is a region of bone growth found at the ends of bone shafts. These regions are not fused to the rest of the bone shaft during the ages of grwoth. Once growth has ceased, they fuse with the shaft. Usually after the age of 17.
- 21. Unfused epiphyseal plate = juvenile (under age 17)
- 22. Fused Epiphysis Older Even Older
- 25. More info from skeletal remains ANCESTRY of decedent Difficult determination to make Facial bones most important Nasal aperture Teeth Interorbital space Mandible
- 26. Mongoloid/Asian Skull Caucasian/European Skull Negroid/African Skull Aboriginal/Australian Skull
- 29. Determining Cause of Death or Other Injuries
- 31. Perimortem Injuries Injury occurred at or around the time of death and may have even caused the death Iron age period male with perimortem sword wound to the skull.
- 32. Antemortem Injuries Injuries that occurred during the decedent's lifetime – they appear healed.
Notas do Editor
- Tonight I will talk about FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY. We will discuss what it is, and what forensic anthropologists do, as well as what kind of background a forensic anthropologist has, in general.
- Here is the definition of FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY. This is work that has a legal application oftentimes (although in military cases it does not usually). It is an applied science, since it is putting to use techniques and methods used by physical/biological anthropologists in a “real world” context.
- To back up a minute and give you a basic background in anthropology in general, it is defined as “the study of humans” and takes a uniquely holistic view of humankind. There are FIVE recognized subdisciplines within the discipline of anthropology and they are: The starred subdisciplines are those that are most often involved in forensic anthropological pursuits.
- What do forensic anthros do? Consulting – as part of their work usually alongside teaching at a university Medical examiners’ office – full time positions are out there 3. Federal gov’t – DOD (CILHI)
- Forensic anthropologists are applied biological anthropologists that use their skills in OSTEOLOGY regularly. Osteology is the study of skeletal remains. Each bone is studied individually as you can see in this example here of the human skull.
- Knowing your osteology helps because you can be faced with cases where you have to first sort out if the bone of interest is indeed HUMAN or NOT. You can use macroscopic techniques (comparative collections, manuals, your memory) and microscopic techniques (structure differences – lamellae).
- Example here of macroscopic differences between a baboon femur and a human femur (thigh bone).
- You have to know each bone in great detail however. Because you may not have a COMPLETE BONE to work with! You may just have a fragment!
- Teeth are also important and recovered oftentimes – often a forensic odontologist will work with these to make identifications. But many forensic anthros are well-versed in dental remains!
- X-rays are also frequently used by forensic anthropologists – for ID purposes as well as sorting out commingled remains, or determining if any material contains bone or bony material.
- The SEX of the individual can often be addressed via the use of the skeleton. Must have SKULL or HIP BONE to be certain though.
- Epiphyseal fusion can answer questions about age.
- ANCESTRY – must have the skull to discuss this. This is the most difficult thing to determine from the skeleton.
- Trauma and pathologies – additionally important. Esp to ME and police – they often like to know the cause of death – bones can sometimes tell you this.