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LHD - load haulage damp Bucket size : from 0,5 to 8,4 m 3 Optimal tramming distance  : 150 - 400 m Yield : 300 - 800 t/shift
Mucking by LHD
Loading by Slusher Bucket size : from 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Optimal tramming distance  : 20 - 50 m Yield : 30 - 100 t/shift
Mucking by Slusher Bucket size : from 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Optimal tramming distance  : 20 - 50 m Yield : 30 - 100 t/shift
Mucking and loading by overhead loader Bucket size :  from 0,125 to 1 m 3 Container size :  1 to 5 m 3 Optimal tramming distance  : 5 - 20 m Technical Yield :  20 - 60 t/hour
Mucking and loading by vibrating feeder Technical Yield :  20 - 60 t/hour Minimal ore reserve :  100 000 t
Haulage by track Capacity : from 6 to 60 t ; Tramming distance : 500 à 1000 m
Track loading Loading by vibrating feeder Loading by LHD Loading by hydraulic shovel
Haulage by train
Haulage by train Locomotive 18 tonnes, wagons of 7.5 m 3  , Kiruna : 500 t by train
Wagon loading Loading by vibrating feeder Loading by LHD Loading by overhead loader
Conveyer belt transport
Scaling Machine
Bolting
Bolt installation mechanized manual
Cost of loading where : C load   - operating cost of loading in $ per tonne of rock ; C hour   - hourly operating cost of the equipment in $ per hour ; P average   - average production rate of the equipment in tonnes per hour.
Production rate of loading where : Q    - bucket size, m 3  ;      - ore density, t/ m 3  ; f fill   - bucket filling factor ; f swelling =1.1 to 1.5  - swelling factor ; D   - one way tramming distance in meters ; v    - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ; t fix     - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ; j = 50 min  - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in minutes;
Production rate of loading LHD : 0,5 to 8,4 m 3 Q -  bucket size Slusher : 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Overhead loader (CAVO) : bucket 0,125 to 1 m 3 container 1 to 5 m 3
f fill  -  bucket filling factor Coarse blocs : f fill  = 0,8 - 1,1 Moist material :  f fill  = 0,55 - 0,7 Fine material < 50 mm : f fill  = 0,55 - 0,75 LHD Slusher Gros blocs de minerai : f fill  = 0,5 - 0,7 Minerai fine < 50 mm : f fill  = 0,8 - 1   Production rate of loading
v  - average speed over the cycle Favorable conditions : v   = 9 à 16 km/h Average conditions :  v   = 8 à 12 km/h Unfavorable conditions :  v   = 5 à 8 km/h  Diesel-driven LHD Slusher v = 4.5 to 5.5 km/h  Favorable conditions : v   = 9.5 km/h Average conditions :  v   = 6.5 km/h Unfavorable conditions :  v   = 3.2 km/h  Electric-driven LHD  Production rate of loading
t fix  - fixed cycle time (loading, dumping, maneuver) Favorable conditions : t fix  = 0.8 min Average conditions :  t fix  = 1.1 min Unfavorable conditions : t fix  = 1.4 min LHD Slusher t fix  = 0.5 min  Production rate of loading
Distance variable   D max D min Distance Production D min D max R = f(D)
Average production rate of loading where : Q    - bucket size, m 3  ;      - ore density, t/ m 3  ; f fill    - bucket filling factor ; f swelling = 1.1 to 1.5 - rock swelling factor ; D min   - minimum one way tramming distance in meters ; D max   - maximum one way tramming distance in meters ; v    - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ; t fix   - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ; j = 50 min  - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in minutes;
Influence of distance on production
Variable distance
Cost estimation Capital cost Hourly operating cost Operator labor  Parts Maintenance labor Diesel fuel Electric power Lube oil Tires Compressed air
Hourly operating cost
Capital cost

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Lhd

  • 1. LHD - load haulage damp Bucket size : from 0,5 to 8,4 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 150 - 400 m Yield : 300 - 800 t/shift
  • 3. Loading by Slusher Bucket size : from 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 20 - 50 m Yield : 30 - 100 t/shift
  • 4. Mucking by Slusher Bucket size : from 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 20 - 50 m Yield : 30 - 100 t/shift
  • 5. Mucking and loading by overhead loader Bucket size : from 0,125 to 1 m 3 Container size : 1 to 5 m 3 Optimal tramming distance : 5 - 20 m Technical Yield : 20 - 60 t/hour
  • 6. Mucking and loading by vibrating feeder Technical Yield : 20 - 60 t/hour Minimal ore reserve : 100 000 t
  • 7. Haulage by track Capacity : from 6 to 60 t ; Tramming distance : 500 à 1000 m
  • 8. Track loading Loading by vibrating feeder Loading by LHD Loading by hydraulic shovel
  • 10. Haulage by train Locomotive 18 tonnes, wagons of 7.5 m 3 , Kiruna : 500 t by train
  • 11. Wagon loading Loading by vibrating feeder Loading by LHD Loading by overhead loader
  • 16. Cost of loading where : C load - operating cost of loading in $ per tonne of rock ; C hour - hourly operating cost of the equipment in $ per hour ; P average - average production rate of the equipment in tonnes per hour.
  • 17. Production rate of loading where : Q - bucket size, m 3 ;  - ore density, t/ m 3 ; f fill - bucket filling factor ; f swelling =1.1 to 1.5 - swelling factor ; D - one way tramming distance in meters ; v - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ; t fix - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ; j = 50 min - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in minutes;
  • 18. Production rate of loading LHD : 0,5 to 8,4 m 3 Q - bucket size Slusher : 0,22 to 0,8 m 3 Overhead loader (CAVO) : bucket 0,125 to 1 m 3 container 1 to 5 m 3
  • 19. f fill - bucket filling factor Coarse blocs : f fill = 0,8 - 1,1 Moist material : f fill = 0,55 - 0,7 Fine material < 50 mm : f fill = 0,55 - 0,75 LHD Slusher Gros blocs de minerai : f fill = 0,5 - 0,7 Minerai fine < 50 mm : f fill = 0,8 - 1   Production rate of loading
  • 20. v - average speed over the cycle Favorable conditions : v = 9 à 16 km/h Average conditions : v = 8 à 12 km/h Unfavorable conditions : v = 5 à 8 km/h Diesel-driven LHD Slusher v = 4.5 to 5.5 km/h  Favorable conditions : v = 9.5 km/h Average conditions : v = 6.5 km/h Unfavorable conditions : v = 3.2 km/h Electric-driven LHD  Production rate of loading
  • 21. t fix - fixed cycle time (loading, dumping, maneuver) Favorable conditions : t fix = 0.8 min Average conditions : t fix = 1.1 min Unfavorable conditions : t fix = 1.4 min LHD Slusher t fix = 0.5 min  Production rate of loading
  • 22. Distance variable D max D min Distance Production D min D max R = f(D)
  • 23. Average production rate of loading where : Q - bucket size, m 3 ;  - ore density, t/ m 3 ; f fill - bucket filling factor ; f swelling = 1.1 to 1.5 - rock swelling factor ; D min - minimum one way tramming distance in meters ; D max - maximum one way tramming distance in meters ; v - average speed over the cycle in kilometers per hour ; t fix - fixed cycle time (load, damp, maneuver) in minutes ; j = 50 min - operating minutes per hour to account for delays in minutes;
  • 24. Influence of distance on production
  • 26. Cost estimation Capital cost Hourly operating cost Operator labor Parts Maintenance labor Diesel fuel Electric power Lube oil Tires Compressed air

Notas do Editor

  1. En bas à gauche ROCK WORLD, 1/2001 Sansvik Tamrock customer magazine, p.27. Alp Transit tunnel construction in Bodio, Switzerland. Loader Sansvik Tamrock : Broyt ED 600T Compact 3,4 m3 bucket Electric-Diesel (ED) Powerpack The Truck : Type A : 32 - ton rigid body (Ferrari DM 3227), 16 m3(struck)/22 m3 (heaped) Type B : 25 - ton artuculated (Bell 25), 13 m3(struck)/18 m3 (heaped) A truck five full buckets - 112 seconds, B truck - 80 seconds, Tunnel 50 m² : 6.75 at floor level and 7.8 width at a level of 2.5 m from the floor.