Masonry for sustainability

MASONRY FOR SUSTAINABILITY
presented by International Masonry Institute

INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE
APPRENTICESHIP
& TRAINING
MARKET DEVELOPMENT
& TECHNICAL SERVICE

Craftworker
certification training
Sustainable Masonry
Certification Program
Contractor College
Pre-job and apprentice training
International Union
of Bricklayers and
Allied Craftworkers
International
Masonry
Institute
LIFELONG LEARNING
Journeyman upgrade training
Safety, scaffold, OSHA training
Supervisor certification

BAC CONTRACTORS
IMI-TRAINED CRAFTWORKERS
International Union
of Bricklayers and
Allied Craftworkers
International
Masonry
Institute

Buildingsare the single largest
contributor to global
warming.

Test
Average
Savings of
Green
Buildings
ENERGY
SAVINGS
30%
CARBON
SAVINGS
35%
WATER
USE
SAVINGS
30-50%
WASTE
COST
SAVINGS
50-90%
Source: USGBC

ASTM E 2114-06a, “Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to
the Performance of Buildings,” Vol. 4.12, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2006
“Meeting the needs of the
present without compromising
the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.”
SUSTAINABILITY:
MASONRYFORSUSTAINABILITY

FACILITY LIFE CYCLE
Project Resource Manual – CSI Manual of Practice
Facility evaluation may
identify needs that lead
to expansion, remodel-
ing, renovation, or
restoration of an
existing facility to
accommodate growth
or changes in function;
or may result in
abandonment,
deconstruction, sale, or
adaptive reuse of an
existing facility.

SUSTAINABLEDESIGNTOPICS
Active Solar Thermal Systems
Alternative Energy
Alternative Transportation
Appropriate Size and Growth
Biomimicry
Building Form
Building Monitoring
Building Orientation
Carbon Offsets
Cavity Walls for Insulating Airspace
Co-Generation
Conserving Systems and Equipment
Contract Documents
(related to sustainable design)
Construction Waste Management
Cool Roofs
Deconstruction and Salvage
Materials
Daylighting
Earth Sheltering
Efficient Artificial Lighting
Efficient Site Lighting Systems
Energy Modeling
Energy Source Ramifications
Energy-Saving Appliances and
Equipment
Environmental Education
Geoexchange
Green Roofs
High-Efficiency Equipment
Indoor Environmental Quality
Integrated Project Delivery
Life Cycle Assessment
Mass Absorption
Material Selection and Embodied
Energy
Natural Ventilation
Open, Active, Daylit Space
Passive Solar Collection Opportunities
Photovoltaics
Prefabrication
Preservation/Reuse of Existing
Facilities
Radiant Heating and Cooling
Renewable Energy Resources
Rightsizing Equipment
Q: What topics are considered as Sustainable Design topics?
Safety and Security Systems
(defensive planting, innovative
design, defensive space)
Smart Controls
Space Zoning
Staff Training (tech. training, only)
Sun Shading
Systems Commissioning
Systems Tune-Up
Thermal Bridging
Total Building Commissioning
Vegetation for Sun Control
Walkable Communities
Waste-Heat Recovery
Water Conservation
Windows and Openings
Green Specifications
Zoning, regulatory, codes
www.aia.org FAQs
A:

Possible points
LEED-NC v.2.2
14Sustainable Sites
5Water Efficiency
17Energy & Atmosphere
15Materials & Resources
13Indoor Environm. Quality
5Innovation in Design
N/ARegional Priority
69
LEED-NC v. 3
Possible points
26
10
35
14
15
100TOTAL
26-32Certified
33-38Silver
39-51Gold
52-69Platinum
40-49
50-59
60-79
80+
LEED NC v.2.2 vs. LEED v.3
6
4
110

With revised credit weightings, LEED now awards more
points for strategies that will have greater positive impacts on
what matters most – energy efficiency and CO2 reductions.
LEED v. 3 CREDIT WEIGHTINGS
The result: more value is given to credits that
have the highest potential for making the
biggest change.
Each credit was evaluated against a list of 13 environmental
impact categories, including climate change, indoor
environmental quality, resource depletion and water intake.
The impact categories were prioritized, and credits were
assigned a value based on how they contributed to
mitigating each impact.

LEED v. 3 MINIMUM PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
• Whole-Building Energy and
Water Usage Data
• 5 year period
• Data supplied on regular basis
• Commitment carries forward if
owner changes

Requirements
Technologies
& Strategies
Intent
Credit – Identifies intent, requirements,
technologies
Points – One or more available within
credit achieved by specified requirements
LEED CREDIT FORMAT

Intent:
• Conveys
goals and
objectives
• Measure for
granting
point
LEED CREDIT FORMAT

Requirements:
• Identifies
specifics
• Action items
• Reference
Standards
• Submittals
LEED CREDIT FORMAT

Strategies:
• Accepted
methods
• Coordination
items
• Guidelines
• Caution
LEED CREDIT FORMAT

• Sustainable Sites (11)
• Energy and Atmosphere (19)
• Materials and Resources (12)
• Indoor Environmental Quality (5)
• Innovation and Design (5)
LEED MASONRY CONTRIBUTIONS
Masonry impacts 52 LEED v 3 points

MATERIALS & RESOURCES LEED v. 3
14 13 13
Potential
contribution
of masonry
3 points
5 points
1 point
2 points
2 points
2 points
2 points
12 points, NC
11 points, SCH
13 points, CS

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 BUILDING REUSE
INTENT
Extend the life cycle of
existing building stock
Reduce waste and environ-
mental impacts of new buildings
POSSIBLE LEED POINTS
Maintain 75% of existing
walls, floors & roofs
Maintain 95% of existing
walls, floors & roofs
Maintain 50% of interior
non-structural elements
(1)
(2)
(3)

Reuse existing structural and non-
structural walls and elements.
Masonry materials (Brick, CMU,
Stone, Concrete, Tile, Terrazzo,
AAC, Plaster) are:
– Strong
– Durable
– Long life-cycle
– Easily repaired
– Fire-resistant
– Energy efficient
– Easily adaptable
Masonry structural walls can
remain.
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
STRATEGIES

MATERIALS&RESOURCES

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Case Study: Walsh Construction Headquarters,
Chicago, IL

Walsh Construction Headquarters, Chicago, IL
Common brick facade removed. New face brick installed on
existing concrete structure.

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE
Common brick from facade is preserved and cleaned.

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2 MATERIAL REUSE
Common brick used as interior finish at corridor walls
and elevator lobbies.

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
“The most sustainable building is an existing masonry
building being restored.”
- Lori Sipes, FAIA, Preservation Architect

REPOINTING DETAIL
DETAIL 16.101 REV. 05/08/09
© 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE
N.T.S.
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
www.imiweb.org800-IMI-0988
International Masonry Institute
DETERIORATED
MORTAR
1.
FINAL PASS TOOLED TO
CONCAVE OR VEE PROFILE
TO MATCH EXISTING
8.
1/4” LIFT, FIRST PASS5.
1/4”
FINAL PASS INCORRECTLY
SMEARED ABOUT BRICK
EDGES RESULTS IN EXAG-
GERATED JOINT WIDTH
7.1/4” LIFTS, SUB-
SEQUENT PASSES
6.
1/4”
2. JOINT GROUND TO
INCORRECT PROFILE
JOINT GROUND TO
INCORRECT PROFILE
3. JOINT RAKED TO SOUND
MORTAR (d/3 MAX.) AND
GROUND TO 90º PROFILE
4.
d/3
MAX
d

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 2.1 & 2.2
CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT
INTENT
Divert debris from disposal
in landfills
Redirect recyclable material to
manufacture process
Redirect reusable materials
Recycle / salvage 50% non-hazardous
construction and demolition debris
(1)
Recycle / salvage 75% non-hazardous
(2)
(3-ID) Recycle / salvage 95% non-hazardous

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 2.1 & 2.2
STRATEGIES
Brick, stone, and concrete
masonry waste used for
aggregates and fill for road
base, construction fill, and
other products
Redirect reusable materials
to appropriate sites
Donate materials

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 2.1 & 2.2

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Example: Recycle or donate demolished brick
MR CREDIT 2.1 & 2.2

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2
MATERIAL REUSE

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2
MATERIAL REUSE
INTENT
Reuse building materials
and products
Reduce demand for virgin
materials
Use 5% salvaged, refurbished,
or reused materials
(1)
(2)
(3-ID)
or reused materials
or reused materials

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 3.1 & 3.2
MATERIAL REUSE
STRATEGIES
Save and use leftover
material for use on other
projects
Granite waste is cut to
4”x4” pieces for pavers
Salvaged brick Salvaged brick
on house

REUSED MATERIALS
Example: Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, Madison, WI
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, Baraboo, WI, completed 2007
Kubala Watshatko Architects; Construction by The Boldt Company and Monona Masonry
Project used reclaimed stone from a 1930’s Madison airport
terminal recently demolished.

REUSED MATERIALS
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
ALDO LEOPOLD LEGACY CENTER
Reclaimed stone
Aldo Leopold Legacy Center, Baraboo, WI, completed 2007
Kubala Watshatko Architects; Construction by The Boldt Company and Monona Masonry

REUSED MATERIALS
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
ALDO LEOPOLD LEGACY CENTER
Stone chips were saved and used around the site for erosion control

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2 RECYCLED CONTENT

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
INTENT
Increase demand for building
products that incorporate
recycled content materials
Use 10% recycled content (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer)(1)
(2)
(3-ID)
Use 20% recycled content (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer)
Use 30% recycled content (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer)
Post-consumer: material
generated by households or
commerce that has been used,
e.g. plastic, paper, glass, metal
Pre-consumer: material diverted from
waste stream during manufacturing
process; may not be used in same
process, e.g. fly ash, sawdust

• Clay Brick
– Recycled and
industrial waste
aggregates can be
mixed with clay &
shale:
• Fly ash, incinerator
ash, bottom ash
(10-12% by wt)
• Waste glass,
ceramic waste
• Sawdust
• Manganese
• Contaminated soil
Midland Brick
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
CLAY MASONRY EXAMPLES

– Post-Industrial / Pre-Consumer: fly ash,
silica fume, slag cement can be used to
replace cement
– CMU Post-Consumer: glass, recycled
concrete masonry, recycled aggregates
– Give consideration to ensure quality of
CMU
– Lightweight aggregates are produced
using waste oil
– SealTech Block –uses 10% recycled
plastic material
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
CONCRETE MASONRY EXAMPLES

 Post-consumer glass
 Post-industrial marble &
granite
 Post-consumer metals
 Grout may use recycled
content
 Low VOC sealants
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2
RECYCLED CONTENT
TILE/MARBLE/TERRAZZO EXAMPLES

 Post-consumer glass
 Post-industrial marble & granite
 Post-consumer plastic chips
 Aluminum divider strips may use
recycled content
riVitro Corp
MATERIALS&RESOURCES
TILE/MARBLE/TERRAZZO EXAMPLES
MR CREDIT 4.1 & 4.2
RECYCLED CONTENT

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Fiberglass
insulation contains
26% post-industrial
and 9% post-
consumer recycled
content (35% total
recycled content).
Foam extruded polystyrene (XPS)
insulation products contain 15% post-
industrial recycled content.
INSULATION EXAMPLES
source: Owens Corning, owenscorningcommercial.com

MASONRY ACCESSORIES
DETAIL 14.101 REV. 07/07/08
MASONRYACCESSORIES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
CAVITY INSERT/
MORTAR COLLECTION
DEVICE
DEBONDED
SHEAR ANCHOR
LADDER-TYPE HORIZONTAL
JOINT REINFORCEMENT W/
WALL TIES
TRUSS-TYPE HORIZONTAL
JOINT REINFORCEMENT
SPLIT-TAIL ANCHOR
WALL TIE
VENEER ANCHOR
WEEP SCREED
NO SCALE
HORSESHOE
SHIMS
WEEP VENTS
REBAR POSITIONER
FLASHING END DAM
DRIP EDGE
SASH CORD
CORRUGATED
WALL TIE

D213 WALL TIE,
LONG PINTLE
MASONRY ACCESSORIES
DETAIL 14.102 REV. 08/18/08
MASONRYACCESSORIES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
SINGLE BRICK TIE,
EYE & PINTLE
SMALL TRIANGLE TIE
W/ DOVETAIL TAB
NO SCALE
CORRUGATED
WALL TIE
WEEP VENT
D213 WALL TIE,
SHORT PINTLE
LARGE TRIANGLE TIE
W/ DOVETAIL TAB
FERO TIE –
BLOCK SHEAR
CONNECTOR
COLUMN ROD
WELDED
MOUNTING
WEEP VENT

The Caravel
635 N. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois
Park Alexandria
125 S. Jefferson
Chicago, Illinois
The Lancaster
201 N. Westshore
Chicago, Illinois
The Regatta
420 Waterside
Chicago, IL
The Chandler
420 Waterside
Chicago, IL
CHICAGO HIGHRISES USING AAC

State Place Condominiums
Roosevelt & State, Chicago, IL
CHICAGO HIGHRISES USING AAC

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Example: Project uses brick
made with fly ash aggregate
“Recycled Material: 40%
fly ash by weight… pre-
consumer”

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Example: Project uses brick made with fly ash aggregate
Brick cost $25,000
Value of bricks’ recycled content
= 40% x $25,000 = $10,000 pre-consumer
Value of materials = 45% x $1,000,000 = $450,000
Project Cost
(total construction cost of CSI Divisions 2-10): $1,000,000
1/2 credit for pre-consumer = $5,000
5,000 + X + Y + Z
450,000
= 0.10
brick’s contribution
other materials’ contribution
Total material cost (CSI Div. 2-10)
10% req’d for one point
20% req’d for two points

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
MR CREDIT 5.1 & 5.2 REGIONAL MATERIALS
INTENT
Increase demand for regional
building materials and products
To qualify, materials must be
extracted and manufactured
within 500 miles of site
Use 10% regional materials(1)
(3-ID)
Use 20% regional materials(2)
Use 40% regional materials

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
500-mile radius from Springfield

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Clay and shale come from open pit mines.
Brick is manufactured in 38 states
Processing plants are usually within 2 miles of the mine.

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Brick is manufactured in 38 states
All 50 states have multiple
concrete masonry manufacturing
plants
Cast stone and tile plants are
within 500 miles of every major
metropolitan area

MATERIALS&RESOURCES
Total Cost of Regional Mat’ls ($)
Total Materials Cost ($)
=Regional
Percent
Materials
Actual Value Method: Tally of actual
materials cost (CSI Div 2-10)
-
Default Value Method: 45% of total
construction cost (CSI Div 2-10)
-

SUSTAINABLE SITES
Potential
contribution
of masonry
1 point
5 points
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
26 24 28 10 points
LEED v. 3

SS CREDIT 2
DEVELOPMENT DENSITY & COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
Channel development to urban
areas with existing infrastructure
NOT HERE
Protect greenfields
Preserve habitats and natural
resources
Build on previously-developed
site and in high-density comm-
unity (60,000 s.f./acre) …or
(1)
INTENT
Build on previously-developed
site and within ½ mile of 10
basic services
BUILD HERE

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
The development density requirement of 60,000 sf/per
acre is based on a typical 2-story downtown development

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
Masonry lends itself well to
designs that can take advantage
of small, irregularly-shaped lots
and infill sites.

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
Utilizing noncombustible masonry on the exterior
means that buildings can be closer together.

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
Masonry units can be used for fire-rated
interior walls and firewall separations,
offering 1 to 4 hours of fire resistance
Caravel Condominiums,
downtown Chicago

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
Masonry easily adapts!
Challenging urban site?

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 2
Small modular masonry units do no require large
equipment for delivery and staging

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 5.2
SITE DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMIZE OPEN SPACE
Provide a high ratio of open
space to development footprint
Reduce footprint and/or provide
open space exceeding zoning
req’ts by at least 25%
(1)
INTENT
For projects in urban areas
achieving SS2, pedestrian-
oriented hardscape areas can
contribute to credit compliance,
provided 25% of open space is
vegetated.

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 5.2
SITE DEVELOPMENT: MAXIMIZE OPEN SPACE
Provide a high ratio of open space
to development footprint
STRATEGIES
Use masonry site walls and
retaining walls
Use loadbearing masonry to
stack building program
Use concrete masonry below
grade for parking

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 7.1 & 7.2
HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS, NON-ROOF & ROOF
Reduce heat islands, (thermal gradient differences
between developed and undeveloped areas)
INTENT
Provide the following for 50% of
site hardscape (roads, sidewalks,
courtyards, and parking lots):
- Shade; or
- High-albedo paving
(SRI 29 min)
- Open-grid paving
(1)
or… 50% of parking spaces
under cover
(2) High albedo roofing materials

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 7.1 & 7.2
Temperatures increasing over two decades
Atlanta heat island effect

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 7.1 & 7.2

SUSTAINABLESITES
SS CREDIT 7.1 & 7.2
Use light-colored masonry
materials
- clay pavers
- concrete pavers
- stamped concrete
- stone
STRATEGIES
Use masonry for below-grade
parking for its durability, structural,
and fire-resistive properties
Paving materials w/ SRI 29 min.
Open grid pavement

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE LEED v. 3
Potential
contribution
of masonry
19 points
35 points 33 points 37 points 19 points

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
EA PREREQUISITE 2
MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Demonstrate 10% improvement in the proposed building performance
rating compared w/ baseline building performance rating.
REQUIREMENTS
 Option 1 – Whole Building Energy Simulation
Calculate baseline building performance rating according to the
building performance rating method in Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1-
2007, using a computer simulation model for the whole building
project.
Baseline building performance is the annual energy cost for a
building design intended for use as a baseline for rating above
standard design.
 Option 2 – Prescriptive Compliance Path:
ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide
 Option 3 – Prescriptive Compliance Path:
Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
EA PREREQUISITE 2
MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE
This Standard establishes minimum
requirements for the energy efficient design of
buildings (not low-rise residential).
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
EA PREREQUISITE 2 MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE
 Prescriptive building envelope requirements are determined
based on the building’s climate zone classification. All building
envelope components must meet the minimum insulation and
maximum U-factor and solar heat gain coeffecients
Options 2 and 3:
Prescriptive Compliance
Paths
 Each country in the U.S. is assigned to 1 of 8 climate zones
 Window area must be less than 40% of gross wall area

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
EA CREDIT 1: 1-19 POINTS
OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Energy performance above
baseline, per ASHRAE 90.1-2007
POSSIBLE LEED POINTSINTENT
Reduce environmental and
economic impacts of excessive
energy use
Use masonry cavity wall for
thermal resistance and
thermal mass properties
STRATEGY
MASONRY
LEED Reference Guide for Green Building
Design and Construction, 2009 Edition

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
EA CREDIT 1 OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE
The simulation program shall be a
computer-based program for the
analysis of energy consumption in
buildings ( a program such as, but
not limited to, EnergyPlus, Ecotect
DOE-2).
G2.2 Simulation Program
G2. SIMULATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
G2.2.1
The simulation program shall be
approved by the rating authority and
shall, at a minimum, have the ability
to explicitly model all of the following:
a. 8,760 hours per year
b. hourly variations in occupancy…
c. thermal mass effects
d. ten or more thermal zones…
ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Informative Appendix G – Performance Rating Method

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
EA CREDIT 1
LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction, 2009 Edition
OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE

Material Kind R-Value
Masonry Brick, 4 inch face 0.44
Common 4 inch 0.80
Limestone/sandstone, 1 inch .08
Stucco 1 inch 0.20
Concrete Block, 8 inch 1.93
Concrete Block, 8 inch, grouted 1.04
Insulation Expanded polystyrene 1 inch 3.85
Expanded polyurethane 1 inch 6.64
Extruded Polystyrene 1 inch 4.92
(Styrofoam blue board)
ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
R-VALUES, MASONRY & INSULATION

Thermal values for
concrete masonry walls are
correlated to density, since
the thermal conductivity of
concrete increases with
increasing concrete density
R-VALUES

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
of building
components are used to
estimate a building’s
energy consumption under
steady-state conditions.
In order to estimate a
building’s actual energy
consumption, other factors
must be considered:
Building design
Thermal mass
Climate
R-VALUES
Types of heat transfer

R-Value is an estimate of the
overall steady-state resistance
to heat transfer.
STEADY STATE R-VALUES vs. THERMAL MASS
It is determined in the laboratory
by applying a constant
temperature difference across a
wall section, then measuring the
steady state heat flow through
the wall under this condition.
HEAT heat
HEATheat
Thermal mass, or the
heat storage ability of the wall,
is not considered in the R-Value.

STEADY STATE R-VALUES vs. THERMAL MASS
HEAT heat
HEATheat
Thermal storage is the temporary
storage of high or low temperature
energy for later use. It allows a time
gap between energy use and
availability.
Using thermal storage, heating or
cooling energy is stored so that it is
available for space conditioning
during peak demand periods.
Buildings constructed with masonry
can require 18%-70% less insulation
than similar frame buildings, while still
providing an equivalent level of
energy efficient performance.

Exterior mass,
core insulation,
interior mass
Exterior insul.,
core mass,
interior insulation
Exterior insul.,
interior mass
Exterior mass,
interior insulation
MASSWALLS
“Masonry or concrete walls having a mass greater than or equal to
30 lb/ft2 are defined by IECC and ASHRAE 90.1 as massive walls.”

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
THERMAL MASS BENEFITS
3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM 6PM 9PM 12AM
HEAT
LOSSES
HEAT
GAINS
2-HR LAG
6-HR LAG
DAMPING
Source: National Concrete Masonry Association

High-mass achieves better
energy performance.
Masonry walls are permitted
to have lower R
Values (insulation)
than frame wall systems to
achieve same level of energy
efficiency.
Dynamic Benefit
of Massive Walls
Systems

DBMS = Less Insulation
Note Reductions in R-Value for Massive Wall Systems

Insulation:
High R-Value
Masonry:
High
Thermal
Mass
Cavity
wall
system
ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
THERMAL MASS & R-VALUES

ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
MASONRY CAVITY WALL

AIR SPACE
2” recommended
4½” max. between
brick and backup
1” min. for veneers
per ACI 530 Code
MOISTURE RESISTANCE

INSULATION TYPES
ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
Fiberglass
Loose fill
Expanded
Polystyrene (EPS)
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Polyisocyanurate

INSULATED BLOCK
ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE

SPRAY POLYURETHANE FOAM
ENERGY&ATMOSPHERE
• Two-component system
• Mixed together expands
up to 30+ times in volume
to form solid product
• General features of spray
polyurethane foam:
– Lightweight
• 1.5 lbs per square foot
– Closed-cell rigid plastic
– Superior insulation
properties

INJECTED FOAM INSULATION
DETAIL 19.101A REV. 12/13/08
SUSTAINABLEMASONRY
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
CONCRETE MASONRY
GROUT & REINF.
AS REQ’D
INJECTION PORTS DRILLED
IN BED JOINTS @ 8” O.C.
EXCEPT @ GROUTED CELLS
CONCRETE MASONRY
GROUT & REINF.
AS REQ’D
GROUT & REINF.
AS REQ’D
CONCRETE MASONRY
GROUT & REINF.
AS REQ’D
CONCRETE MASONRY
CONT. INJECTED
FOAM INSULATION
GROUT & REINF.
AS REQ’D
CONCRETE MASONRY
CONT. INJECTED
FOAM INSULATION
GROUT & REINF.
AS REQ’D
CONCRETE MASONRY
CONT. INJECTED
FOAM INSULATION
PATCH INJECTION
PORTS W/ MORTAR TO
MATCH EXISTING

INSULATION AT INTERIOR
DETAIL 08.301 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

INSULATION IN CAVITY
DETAIL 08.302 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

INSULATION INSERTS IN BLOCK
DETAIL 08.303 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

FOAMED-IN-PLACE INSULATION
DETAIL 08.304 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

LOOSE FILL INSULATION
DETAIL 08.305 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

EXTERIOR INSULATION
DETAIL 08.306 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

INSULATION AT MULTIPLE LOCATIONS
DETAIL 08.307 REV. 02/09/09
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
WALLTYPES

R-Values of Multi-Wythe Concrete Masonry Walls
R-Values for Single Wythe Concrete Masonry Walls
Energy Code Compliance Using COMCHK-EZ
6-1A
6-4A
6-2A
6-11
Insulating Concrete Masonry Walls- construction
oriented discussion of various insulation methods
SUMMARY OF NCMA ENERGY TEKS

WALL TYPE 08.101 2” RIGID EXTRUDED POLYSTYRENE INSULATION
DETAIL 08.101 REV. 02/09/09
WALLTYPES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
N.T.S.
BRICK VENEER
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
CMU BACKUP
2” EXTRUDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION
16”
3 5/8” 2¾” 2” 7 5/8”
2¾” AIR SPACE

WALL TYPE 08.102 2” RIGID XPS INSULATION W/ INSERTS
DETAIL 08.102 REV. 02/09/09
WALLTYPES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
N.T.S.
BRICK VENEER
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
CMU BACKUP
2” EXTRUDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION
16”
3 5/8” 2¾” 2” 7 5/8”
EXPANDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION INSERTS
2¾” AIR SPACE
R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.103 3” RIGID XPS INSULATION W/ INSERTS
DETAIL 08.103 REV. 02/09/09
WALLTYPES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
N.T.S.
BRICK VENEER
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
16”
3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
CMU BACKUP
3” EXTRUDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION
1¾” AIR SPACE
R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.104 3” RIGID XPS INSULATION
DETAIL 08.104 REV. 02/09/09
WALLTYPES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
N.T.S.
BRICK VENEER
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
CMU BACKUP
3” EXTRUDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION
16”
3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”
EXPANDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION INSERTS
1¾” AIR SPACE
17% INCREASE FROM
R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.105 3” POLYISOCYANURATE INSULATION
DETAIL 08.105 REV. 02/09/09
WALLTYPES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
N.T.S.
BRICK VENEER
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
CMU BACKUP
3” POLYISO.
INSULATION
16”
3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”
1¾” AIR SPACE
28% INCREASE FROM
R-19 BENCHMARK

WALL TYPE 08.106 3” POLYISOCYANURATE INSULATION W/ INSERTS
DETAIL 08.106 REV. 02/09/09
WALLTYPES
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
N.T.S.
BRICK VENEER
AIR/WATER/VAPOR
BARRIER AS REQ’D
HORIZONTAL JOINT
REINFORCEMENT W/
INTEGRAL WALL TIES
CMU BACKUP
3” POLYISO.
INSULATION
16”
3 5/8” 1¾” 3” 7 5/8”
EXPANDED
POLYSTYRENE
INSULATION INSERTS
1¾” AIR SPACE
46% INCREASE FROM
R-19 BENCHMARK

LEED 2009
5 points, NC
6 points, SCHOOLS
4 points, CS
Potential
contribution
of masonry
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
1 point
15 23 12
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

EQ CREDIT 3.1
CONSTRUCTION IAQ MANAGEMENT PLAN
INDOORENVIRONMENTALQUALITY
INTENT
Reduce air quality problems
resulting from the construction /
renovation process
(1)
Masonry materials not organic
and therefore not a food source
for mold
Masonry materials are easily
protected from moisture during
construction
Meet minimum
requirements of ASHRAE
62.1, Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality
DURING CONSTRUCTION

EQ CREDIT 4.1
LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS, ADHESIVES & SEALANTS
INTENT
Reduce quantity of indoor air
contaminants that are odorous,
irritating, and/or harmful to the
comfort and well-being of
installers and occupants
(1) All adhesives and sealants
comply with reference standards

EQ CREDIT 4.1
LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS, ADHESIVES & SEALANTS
Anchored masonry veneer does
not require adhesives
Masonry requires less sealant
than many other wall systems
Use low-VOC sealants for
expansion and control joints

• Most masonry materials
do not require paints or
coatings.
• Paints and coatings for
CMU comply with VOC
requirements.
• Ground Face and Split-
Face CMU do not require
paint.
• Tile does not require
coatings or sealers.
EQ CREDIT 4.2
LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS, PAINTS & COATINGS
(1) All paints and coatings comply
with reference standards
INTENT
Reduce quantity of indoor air
contaminants that are odorous,
irritating, and/or harmful to the
comfort and well-being of
installers and occupants

• Insulated masonry wall
systems provide superior
Thermal Resistant (R)
values for consistent
temperatures.
• Masonry thermal mass
quality moderates
temperatures.
EQ CREDIT 7.1
THERMAL COMORT: DESIGN
INTENT
Provide a comfortable thermal
environment that supports the
productivity and well-being of
building occupants
MASONRY
(1)
Design HVAC and building
envelope to meet ASHRAE 56
Thermal Comfort Conditions

EQ CREDIT 7.1
THERMAL COMORT: DESIGN
Masonry walls can assist in regulating temperature and
controlling mold and moisture penetration

EQ CREDIT 9
ENHANCED ACOUSTICAL PERFORMANCE
INTENT
Provide classrooms that
facilitate better teacher and
student communications
through effective acoustical
design
(1) Comply with requirements
for sound transmission
and background noise

EQ CREDIT 9
REQUIREMENTS
Design building shell and
classroom partitions to meet
STC requirements of ANSI
Standard S12.60-2002
and
Reduce background noise
level in classrooms to 40
dBA or less from HVAC
systems.

EQ CREDIT 9
STC Requirements for Classroom Assemblies

EQ CREDIT 9
ACOUSTIC CONCRETE MASONRY
Acoustic CMUs can provide sound control for a
better indoor learning and working environment
Much like a car muffler, the
closed-end cavities resonate
sound waves and convert them
harmlessly to heat

Regional Priority Credits (RPCs) incentivize the
achievement of credits that address geographically specific
environmental priorities.
LEED 2009 REGIONAL PRIORITY CREDITS
Each specific area – referenced by ZIP code – has six
RPCs per rating system. A project may earn up
to four bonus points as a result of earning RPCs, with one
bonus point earned per RPC.
RPCs are not new LEED credits, but are existing credits
that USGBC chapters and regional councils have
designated as being particularly important for their areas.
The incentive to achieve the credits is in the
form of a bonus point. If an RPC is earned, then a bonus
point is awarded to the project’s total points.

SSc4 SSc6 WEc3 MRc6 IEQc1.3 IEQc1.4
For ZIP Code 60137, LEED EB-O&M, priorities are:

MATERIALS & RESOURCES LEED 2009

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LEED 2009

INNOVATION & DESIGN LEED 2009
Potential
contribution
of masonry
5 points
6 points 5 points 6 points 5 points NC
4 points SCH
5 points CS

Cured concrete reabsorbs CO2 from the atmosphere
Over several years, 100 lbs of portland cement will
absorb 20 lbs of CO2, or 0.6 lbs of CO2 per concrete
masonry unit
If the concrete masonry
units are painted or
sealed, the absorption
will be reduced
Absorption is higher for
concrete masonry than
for cast-in-place due to
concrete masonry’s
higher porosity
source: AIA Environmental Resource Guide, 1996-1998, Concrete Masonry 04220, pp. 16-17
INNOVATION IN DESIGN
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
INNOVATION&DESIGN

Improve sound quality by using acoustically efficient
masonry materials
ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
INNOVATION&DESIGN

Example: Project uses masonry with mortar containing
masons’ sand, an abundant material
INNOVATION&DESIGN
ABUNDANT MATERIALS

Ongoing geological processes
generate new deposits of sand
in the hundreds of millions of
tons each year.
source: North American Insulation Manufacturers Association, naima.org
Much more raw sand is
generated annually than is
used by man.
INNOVATION&DESIGN
ABUNDANT MATERIALS

By proportion, Type N Mortar is approximately
NOT LESS
THAN 2¼ AND
NOT MORE
THAN 3 TIMES
THE SUM OF
SEPARATE
VOLUMES OF
LIME, IF USED,
AND CEMENT
¼
OVER ¼ TO ½
OVER ½ TO 1¼
OVER 1¼ TO 2½
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
1
1
1
1
M
S
N
O
CEMENT-
LIME
NSMNSM
AGGREGATE
RATIO
(MEASURED IN
DAMP, LOOSE
CONDITIONS)
HYDRATED
LIME OR LIME
PUTTY
MASONRY
CEMENT
MORTAR
CEMENT
PORTLAND
CEMENT OR
BLENDED
CEMENT
TYPEMORTAR
PROPORTIONS BY VOLUME
source: ASTM C 270
1:1:6
Portland Cement : Lime : Sand
ABUNDANT MATERIALS
INNOVATION&DESIGN

Structural masonry uses the
inherent strength of masonry
to minimize or eliminate the
requirements of a separate
structural frame
STRUCTURAL MASONRY
INNOVATION&DESIGN
Expidite design time and
construction schedule, save
on cost

STRUCTURALMASONRY
TYPE I HYBRID EXAMPLE
FIG. 20.514
c) TYPE I HYBRID
∆= 0.02” (0.5 mm)
a) RIGID FRAME
10 KIPS
W12x35
∆
W12x40
∆= 4” (100 mm)
W12x40
W8x24
W8x15
W8x15
10 KIPS
b) BRACED FRAME
∆= 0.04” (1 mm)
W8x15
W8x15
W8x24
10 KIPS

HEAD DETAIL
DETAIL 01.304 REV. 09/27/07
BRICK&BLOCKCAVITYWALL
DETAILING
MASONRY
SERIES
PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM
DETAIL FEATURES
• PLATE WELDED TO I-BEAM
• CUT BLOCK AROUND BEAM

STRUCTURAL MASONRY
Precast masory lintel fabricated on the
ground
Hoisted by lift
PRECAST LINTELS © 2009 INTERNATIONAL MASONRY INSTITUTE

STRUCTURAL MASONRY
Precast lintel set into place 10-foot span
PRECAST LINTELS

 Time savings
4-6 weeks by hand vs 3-4 days w/ software
 Perforated shear walls!
 Layout changes easy to accommodate
 Models can easily be saved, modified
and reused for future projects
 Whole building results not just
components
 Entire building does not have to be
designed for localized worse case
 Integrates with other material design,
software, BIM, etc.

Masonry for sustainability

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