IT IS AN AGE OF HOMININS -THE AGE WHICH MARKS THE BEGINNING OF THE OLD STONE AGE OF OUR PREHISTORY.OUR TRIBE /'RACE ' HAD BEGUN IN LATE MIOCENE BUT IT BECAME CLEARLY RECOGNISABLE IN PLIOCENE AND ARDI OR LUCY -COMMON MOTHER OF ALL HUMANS LIVED IN IT THIS EPOCH WAS MARKED BY GREAT AMERICAN EXCHANGE DUE TO FORMATION OF PANAMA BRIDGE IT IS ALSO KNOWN FOR MAMMOTHS IN NORTHERN AND TERROR BIRDS AND MARSUPIALS IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE .IT WAS ALSO AN AGE OF DECIDUOUS FORESTS SAVANNAS AND GRASSLANDS AND CONTINUED DOMINATION OF ANGISPERMS AND MAMMALS

1. Trials & Tribulations om Neogene 1
Plioceneepoch
Rid Path , John Clark - Wc – Public domain
Alchetron encyclopedia- Alchetron.com

2. Trials & Tribulations 2
Forests of deciduous trees like this temperate biome were widespread
Oaks maples beeches shrubs and mosses did abound
earth observatory . nasa.gov /biome /bio temperate. php
MinnesotaUniversity- bugwood.org- nhptv.org/wild -Paul Bolstad-CC by 3.0

3. Trials & Tribulations 3
Small birds
nhptv.org.natureworks.hollingsworth.usfw.cc Collen-Flickr – Wc – cc
Giants
Titanis Llallawavis
D Mitry Bogdanov-Wc .cc H Santiago Druetta – Sci-News.com

4. Trials & Tribulations Neogene 4
Pliocene
Hail the age of Hominins !
the tribeto which belongwe all
the latest form of primates
childrenof the great apes we all
Cooling and drying trend had caused
extention of the deciduousforests,and
appearanceof deserts,leadingto greater
restrictionof the tropical jungles.
Coniferousforest had extended
in the north up to arcticcircle
but it is the flora and fauna of
the tropicswhich wrote history
for it is in the tropics& subtropics
in jungles woodlands & grasslands
the evolutionwhich proceeded became
the hallmarkof this epoch in particular

5. Trials & Tribulations 5
And it becamean age of hominins;
althoughtheirevolutionhad begun
slightlyearlier in late Miocene
it reallypickedup only in Pliocene
Australopithecianswhich evolved
now claimedmajor attentionand
marked the beginningof paleolithic
or oldstoneage of our prehistory
These half ape half human primates
residentsof the jungles & savannas
of Africadeviced& used handmade
stonetools& gave riseto first Homos
Someother mammals also appeared
for the first timein thisshort epoch
including Mammoths,Jiraffes and
the wellknown marsupialPlatypus
Trials & Tribulations 6

6. Infact Marsupialsdominateddistinctive
fauna in Australia;but southAmericalost
its distunctivenes due to formationof panama
bridge leadingto great exchangeof fauna
In north America rodentsopposums
Mastodonsflourished alongwith
other mammals;in south America
manymigrated from northAmerica
Cows elephantsantelopesmultiplied;
Sabretoothedcats appearedworldover;
terror birdslike Titanis& llallawavis
were seen in Argentina and Australia
In Europe snakesmultipliedand
Rattlesnakes appearedfor the first
timebut crocodileswere lost due to
cooling and drying of climate.
Trials & Tribulations 7

7. Ice caps formedat the south pole ,
continuedto extend or recede from
timeto timeand Antarcticahad tundra
type vegetationdominated by angiosperms
In the oceans Seacows ,Seals
SealionsSea otters sharks
and whales flourished apartfrom
invertebrateslike molluscs
Luckilythisepoch also passedwithout
any major mishapalthougha passing
supernova had explodedand possibly
caused loss of some marinemegafauna.

9. Trials & Tribulations
Titanis
D Mitry Bogdanov