Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Sustainability

Strategies of Urban Morphology for
Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort
and Sustainability
Prof.Dr. Amr Sayed Hassan
http://archamrsayed.wix.com/2014
http://www.aun.edu.eg/membercv.php?M_ID=911
Sustainability and Urban form
Arch_amrsayed@yahoo.com

Course data
Dr. Amr Sayed Hassan Abdallah
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5vkYNYPkUV88tTfZr55gTg
Professor, Dept. of Architecture, Assiut University

Definition
Sustainability: Development that meets the basic needs of the present and
increases the opportunity to pursue a better life without compromising the
ability of the future generations to meet their own needs..
Architecture for a Sustainable Future, All about the Holistic Approach in Japan,
Edited by Architectural Institute of Japan, Published by Institute of Building
Environment and Energy Conservation, 2005, p.16
”Urban form”: is used to describe a city's physical characteristics. It
refers to the size, shape, and configuration of an urban area or its parts.
”urban canopy layer ” : is the layer from the ground to roof
level where airflow and energy exchanges are dominated by
small-scale characteristics and processes

How to improve outdoor and indoor thermal
comfort, sustainability, and energy consumption
• Urban Form strategy.
• Urban Canyon aspect ratio (H/W) strategy.
• Street Orientation strategy.
• Shading Strategy.
• Vegetation Strategy.
• Surface material and albedo strategy.
• Hybrid strategy.
• Façades treatments: Green wall.
• Roof treatment: Green roof.
• Window Wall Ratio+ façade
treatment.
• Retrofitting Strategies: using LED
lighting system, shading, insulation
walls and roofs.
Strategies of Urban Morphology Strategies of Buildings
Coupled Strategies of Urban
Morphology and Buildings
• Vegetation of outdoor spaces and Green walls and roofs of buildings.
• Vegetation of outdoor spaces and Retrofitting Strategies, Green walls
and roofs of buildings

Strategies of Urban Morphology for
Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort
and Sustainability

Strategies of Urban Morphology
1- Urban Form strategy
Results
Ji-Yu Deng, Yueyang He , Meiling Dai (2023). Evaluation of the outdoor thermal environment for three
typical urban forms in Nanjing, China. Building and Environment 238 (2023) 110358
Ta reduction = 5.4 ◦C
PET reduction = 24.2 ◦C
MRT reduction = 12.4 ◦C
√

1- Urban Form strategy
Results
Carmela Apreda, Alfredo Reder, Paola Mercogliano. (2020). Urban morphology parameterization for assessing
the effects of housing blocks layouts on air temperature in the Euro-Mediterranean context. Energy & Buildings
223 (2020) 110171.
U-shaped block with
courtyard and block
with multiple
courtyards are the
optimal
configuration
√ √

2- Urban Canyon aspect ratio (H/W) strategy
Results
MRT reduced to 34 ◦C
PET reduced to 17.6 ◦C
Nasrollahi, N., Namazi, Y., & Taleghani, M. (2021). The Effect of Urban Shading and Canyon Geometry on Outdoor
Thermal Comfort in Hot Climates: A Case Study of Ahvaz, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, Article 102638.
https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102638
√

2- Urban Canyon aspect ratio (H/W) strategy
Results
Aspect ratio effect:
PET reduction = 4 ◦K
Angeliki Chatzidimitriou , Simos Yannas. (2017). Street canyon design and improvement potential for urban open spaces; the
influence of canyon aspect ratio and orientation on microclimate and outdoor comfort. Sustainable Cities and Society 33
(2017) 85–10
Orientation effect:
PET reduction = 22 ◦K

3- Street Orientation strategy
Results
the lowest PET
values and highest
thermal comfort
could be obtained
from the lower
aspect ratio
(1:2) and N-S
elongated courtyard
S¨ozen, ˙I., & Oral, G. K. (2019). Outdoor thermal comfort in urban canyon and courtyard in hot arid climate: A parametric study based on
the vernacular settlement of Mardin. Sustainable Cities and Society, 48, Article 101398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.026
√
√

4- Shading Strategy
Results
covering the street
with shelters by 50%
covering was better
than transforming the
outdoor space into
canyons
Mahmoud, H., Ghanem, H., & Sodoudi, S. (2021). Urban geometry as an adaptation strategy to improve the outdoor
thermal performance in hot arid regions: Aswan University as a case study. Sustainable Cities and Society, 71, Article
102965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102965
√

4- Shading Strategy
Results
Mahmoud, R.M.A., Abdallah, A.S.H. (2022). Assessment of outdoor shading strategies to improve outdoor thermal
comfort in school courtyards in hot and arid climates. Sustainable Cities and Society 86 (2022) 104147.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104147
TMRT reduction = 15.8 ◦C
√
√

5- Vegetation Strategy
Results
Abdallah, A. S. H., & Mahmoud, R. M. A. (2022). Urban morphology as an adaptation strategy to improve outdoor thermal
comfort in urban residential community of new Assiut city, Egypt. Sustainable Cities and Society, 78(2022), Article 103648.
√

5- Vegetation Strategy
Results
Mahmoud, R.M.A., Abdallah, A.S.H. (2022). Assessment of outdoor shading strategies to improve outdoor thermal comfort in
school courtyards in hot and arid climates. Sustainable Cities and Society 86 (2022) 104147.
TMRT reduction = 11.2 ◦C
√

6- Hybrid Strategy
Results
Abdallah, A. S. H., & Mahmoud, R. M. A. (2022). Urban morphology as an adaptation strategy to improve outdoor thermal comfort in
urban residential community of new Assiut city, Egypt. Sustainable Cities and Society, 78(2022), Article 103648.

6- Hybrid Strategy
Results
Mahmoud, R.M.A., Abdallah, A.S.H. (2022). Assessment of outdoor shading strategies to improve outdoor thermal comfort in school
courtyards in hot and arid climates. Sustainable Cities and Society 86 (2022) 104147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.104147
TMRT was 28.03 ◦C
√

Strategies of Buildings for Improving
Indoor Thermal Comfort and
Sustainability

Strategies of Buildings
1- Façades treatments: Green wall
Results
Yang, F., Yuan, F., Qiana, F., Zhuang, Z., JYao, J. (2018). Summertime thermal and energy performance of a double-skin green
façade: A case study in Shanghai. Sustainable Cities and Society 39 (2018) 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.049.
Ta reduction =
3.3 : 5.4◦C
Saving Energy
Consumption =
2 to 16 kWh m−2

2- Roof treatments: Green Roof
Results
Ávila-Hernández, A., Simá, E., Xamán, J., Hernández-Pérez, I., Téllez-Velázquez, E., Chagolla-Aranda, M.A. (2020). Test box
experiment and simulations of a green-roof: Thermal and energy performance of a residential building standard for Mexico. Energy
& Buildings 209 (2020) 109709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109709 .
Ta reduction = 4.7◦C
Saving Energy
Consumption =
49% of the cooling
load
CO2 reduction = 45.7%

3- Window Wall Ratio+
façade treatment (green wall)
Results
Ta reduction = 4.7:9 ◦C
Saving Energy
Consumption =11 : 37 %
√
√
Bano, P., Dervishi, S. (2021). The impact of vertical vegetation on thermal performance of high-rise office building façades in Mediterranean
climate. Energy & Buildings 236 (2021) 110761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110761.

4- Retrofitting Strategies: using LED lights
Results
Golasi, I., FSalata, F., Vollaro, E.L., Peña-García, A. (2019). Influence of lighting colour temperature on indoor thermal perception: A
strategy to save energy from the HVAC installations. Energy & Buildings 185 (2019) 112–122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.12.026..
Ta reduction = 1.2◦C

Coupled Strategies of Urban
Morphology and Buildings

Coupled Strategies of Urban Morphology and Buildings
Results
Saving Energy
Consumption = 7%
Fahmy, M., Mahdy, M., Mahmoud, S., Abdelalim, M., Ezzeldin, S., Attia, S. (2020). Influence of urban canopy green coverage and
future climate change scenarios on energy consumption of new sub-urban residential developments using coupled simulation
techniques: A case study in Alexandria, Egypt. 6th International Conference on Energy and Environment Research, ICEER 2019, 22–
25 July, University of Aveiro, Portugal. Energy Reports 6 (2020) 638–645. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
1- Vegetation of outdoor spaces and Green walls and roofs of buildings

Coupled Strategies of Urban Morphology and Buildings
Results
Saving Energy
Consumption = 32.67%
Abdallah, A.S.H, Mahmoud, R.M.A. (2023). Investigation of Greening Façade and Retrofiting strategies on Outdoor Thermal
Comfort and Indoor Energy Consumption in New Assiut City, Egypt.
2- Vegetation of outdoor spaces and Retrofitting Strategies, Green walls and roofs of
buildings
PET reduction =
4.02:11.2 ◦C
Indoor TA reduction =
1.38 : 2.16 ◦C
Surface temperature
reduction= 6 : 8.84 ◦C

Outdoor Environmental Parameters

Building forms/ Urban context

Outdoor Environmental Parameters
Building Systems Integration
Building Form Within Urban
Context
Building Envelope
Building Forms / Urban Context
Ground Reflectivity
External Obstruction
Integrated prototype development
Orientation
and
Geographic
Locations
Thermal
Comfort
and
Energy
Efficiency
Visual
Comfort
and
Daylighting
Efficiency
Opaque (Walls)
Roofs
Walls
Window to Wall Ratio
Solar Screens
Fenestration
Sun breakers / Light shelves

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Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Sustainability

Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Sustainability

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