"PHP Code Avengers: Structuring, Refactoring, and Superhero Practices", Vladyslav Sikailo

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In the world of PHP development, we often find ourselves facing the challenge of dealing with bloated, monolithic classes that hinder testability, extensibility, and maintainability. This talk aims to guide PHP developers through the process of overcoming the problem of unwieldy classes by employing effective structuring, refactoring techniques, and industry best practices.

Tecnologia

1. Realize the problems
2. Understand what to do and how to do
3. Celebrate success 🍻

Problems
- They do too much
God classes
- They hold too much
- Difficult to read, maintain and extend
- Responsibility is too wide
- Violates SRP

Problems
- They do too much
Long functions
- They hold too much
- Difficult to read, maintain and extend
- Responsibility is too wide
- Violates SRP

Problems
- Familiar parts of code in several places
Code duplication
- Need to apply the changes in several places
- Forged to apply somewhere - inconsistent system
- Leads to bugs

Problems
- No standards for a structure
Poor structure
- Difficulty in Understanding
- Maintenance Challenges
- Reinvent the wheel

Problems
- No documentation
Bad documentation
- Outdated documentation
- Difficult to understanding the system
- Onboarding Challenges
- Maintainability issues

Problems
- Difficult to understand
Lack of modularity
- Difficult to extend
- Difficult to maintain

Software Development Costs: Bugfixing
https://blog.pdark.de/2012/07/21/software-development-costs-bugfixing/

4. Make it platform agnostic
2. Understand responsibilities
3. Split by purpose
6. Documentation
1. Follow Coding Standards
5. Apply Design Patterns
List of approaches
7. Cover it by Tests

4. Copy Paste Detector (phpcpd)
2. PSR-1, PSR-2, PSR-12
3. PHPStan, Psalm
6. CI/CD is a must
1. PHP Code Style (phpcs)
5. PHP Mess Detector (phpmd)
Must use
7. Rector, PHP CS Fixer
8. …

4. Low coupling, high cohesion!
2. What is the role of the class?
3. KISS 💋 (and focused)
1. What does the class do?
Think about

1. Easy to read
2. Easy to maintain
3. Easy to reuse
4. Easy to test
Benefits of focused components

- Entity
- Value Object
- Repository
- DTO
Most used types
- Validator
- Data Provider
- Mapper
- Service

4. Unaware of context
2. Stateless Operations
3. Сover one domain use-case
1. Domain-Focused Logic
Service

1. Difficult to replace framework
2. Difficult to replace environment
3. Difficult to split by module
4. Code lives as long as framework
Problems

https://codeopinion.com/design-patterns-who-gives-a/
Patterns
usage

4. Use proper naming
2. Think twice before use
3. Focus on commonly used patterns
1. Be careful!
5. Anti-Patterns
Patterns

- Docs near the code
2. Docs as Code
- Docs under version control
1. Avoid meaningless PHPDocs
3. Document interaction with integrations
Documentation
4. Architecture Decision Record

4. Think as a test
2. Tests are the part of documentation
3. Safe refactoring
1. Early find problems
Tests

2. Component tests
3. Integration tests
1. Unit tests
Commonly used tests types

2. Easy to read and understand
3. Reduced Bugs and Errors
1. Maintainability
4. Scalability
Pros

2. Learning
3. Over-Engineering
1. Initial Overhead
4. Initial Investment in Tooling
Cons

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