Bio

1. 2. Systematics of living
organisms
Class 11

2. What is five kingdom system of classification?

3. Systematics

4. Taxonomy
1. Taxonomy means
classification following
certain rules or principles.
2. two Greek words - taxis-
arrangement and nomous -
law or rule.
3. The term taxonomy was first
introduced by A. P. de.
Candolle (swiss botanist )

5. Taxonomy

7. Classification: Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic

8. phylogenytic descent :

9. Three domains of
life
● Carl whose in 1990 proposed three
domains of life to classify life
forms.
● Domain is an unit larger than
Kingdom in the system of
classification.
● Bacteria and Archaea both have
prokaryotic cells.
● Eukarya have eukaryotic cell
● All the three domains have very
unique ribosomal RNA
● Archaea survive in extreme
conditions like high temperature
serenity acidic condition etc
● Bacteria are prokaryotes differ from
Arshiya in structure of cell wall.

10. Chemotaxonomy

14. DNA barcoding

16. Taxonomic categories

17. Taxonomic
hierarchy
1. Taxon - a text zone is that
taxonomic group of any rank
in the system of
classification.
2. In plant Kingdom one of the
following such as
angiosperms dicotyledonae,
polypetaae, Malvaceae,
represents a taxonomic
group.

19. Species
Species is the principle natural
taxonomic unit ranking below a genus
and denoted by Latin binomial unit of
classification.
It is indivisible stable and static unit.
However in the modern taxonomy sub
divisions of species such as sub
species varieties and populations are
seen and given more importance.

20. Genus
● Genus is a taxonomic rank or
category larger than species
● Genus is a group of species
bearing close resemblance to
one another in their
morphological characters but
they do not inter breed
● They have common characters
yet are different from each other
because their genus is same
but species is different.
● Tiger leopard lion all three
belong to same genus Panther.
● Genus solanum brinjal and
potato both belong to this
genus.

22. Family
● Family represent a group of
closely related genera.
● Example generaligh hibiscus
gossium seda bombbacks
are included in the same
family Malvaceae.
● Cat also belongs to family of
leopard tigers and lions
family Felidae but dog
belongs to different family
Canidae.

24. Order
● An order is a group of closely
related families showing definite
affinities
● Order is a step about family in
taxonomic hierarchy
● Members belonging to same
order but different families may
so very few dissimilarities
example family Papaverace,
Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae,
with parietal placentation are
grouped in order Parietales
● Families of dogs and cats
though are different but they
belong to the same order
carnivora.