• The Semantic Web is a distributed, flexible modeling framework. • The Semantic Web is primarily descriptive in nature. The Semantic Web is used to describe web-pages, services, systems, etc. • Neno is an object-oriented language that was designed specifically for the Semantic Web. • Fhat is a virtual machine represented in the Semantic Web. • With Neno/Fhat the Semantic Web now has a procedural component. The Semantic Web now includes object methods, algorithms, and computing machines. • The Semantic Web can be made to behave like a distributed, general-purpose computer. Not just an information repository.

1. Neno / Fhat : Semantic Network Programming Language and Virtual Machine Specification Marko A. Rodriguez (1) Ryan Chute (2) Digital Library Research & Prototyping Team Los Alamos National Laboratory - Research Library (1) [email_address] . gov (2) [email_address] . gov Acknowledgements: Herbert Van de Sompel (LANL) and Johan Bollen (LANL)

4. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

5. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

7. Example undirected network. Herbert Marko Aric Ed Zhiwu Alberto Jen Johan Luda Stephan Whenzong

8. Example directed network. Muskrat Bear Fish Fox Meerkat Lion Human Wolf Deer Beetle Hyena

9. Example semantic network. SantaFe Marko NewMexico Ryan California UnitedStates LANL livesIn worksWith cityOf originallyFrom stateOf stateOf locatedIn hasLab Cells Atoms madeOf madeOf researches Oregon southOf hasResident Arnold governerOf northOf

13. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

17. RDF and RDFS. lanl:marko lanl:cookie lanl:Human lanl:Food lanl:isEating rdf:type rdf:type lanl:isEating rdfs:domain rdfs:range ontology instance RDF is not a syntax. It’s a data model. Various syntaxes exist to encode RDF including RDF/XML, N-TRIPLE, TRiX, N3, etc.

18. RDF, RDFS, and OWL. lanl:fluffy lanl:marko lanl:Pet lanl:Human lanl:hasOwner rdf:type rdf:type lanl:hasOwner rdfs:domain rdfs:range ontology instance _:0123 rdfs:subClassOf owl:onProperty “ 1” owl:maxCardinality lanl:bob lanl:hasOwner owl:Restriction rdf:type

21. Triple-store vs. relational database. Triple-store Relational Database SQL Interface SPARQL Interface SELECT (?x4) WHERE { ?x1 dc:creator lanl:LAUR-06-2139. ?x1 lanl:hasFriend ?x2 . ?x2 lanl:worksFor ?x3 . ?x3 lanl:collaboratesWith ?x4 . ?x4 lanl:hasEmployee ?x1 . } SELECT collaboratesWithTable.ordId2 FROM personTable, authorTable, articleTable, friendTable, hasEmployeeTable, organizationTable, worksForTable, collaboratesWithTable WHERE personTable.id = authorTable.personId AND authorTable.articleId = "dc:creator LAUR-06-2139" AND personTable.id = friendTable.personId1 AND friendTable.personId2 = worksForTable.personId AND worksForTable.orgId = collaboratesWithTable.orgId2 AND collaboratesWithTable.ordId2 = personTable.id

22. A birds-eye view of the Semantic Web. www.domainC.com <rdf> </rdf> www.domainA.com www.domainB.com Triple-store Triple-store Web-server HTTP GET SELECT application INSERT 127.0.0.1 LinkedData

25. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

29. Example of some Java source code. public class Human { public String name; public int example(String a) { if(a.equals(“marko”)) { return 1; } else { return 2; } } } Field Method Class Human.java

32. Example of a simple virtual machine. public class SimpleVM { HashMap<String,Object> variables; public void execute(File code) { FileStream stream = new FileStream(code); String inst = stream.nextLine(); while(inst != null) { if(inst.startsWith(“ADD”) // do add else if(inst.startsWith(“BRANCH”) // do branch else if(inst.startWith(“INIT_VAR”) // initialize variable … } } } INIT_VAR x ADD 1 2 x BRANCH x > 2 GOTO 100 INIT_VAR y SUB x y x … .. . VIRTUAL MACHINE CODE CODE.TXT

35. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

38. From Neno to Fhat. Neno Human Source Code Fhat OWL API Fhat triple-code compiles to > nenofhat -o N-TRIPLE Human.neno instantiates to lanl:Human h = new lanl:Human(); triple-store/web-server boundary

39. Neno. owl:Thing lanl:Human { xsd:string hasName[1]; xsd:integer example(xsd:string a) { if(a == &quot;marko&quot;^^xsd:string) { return &quot;1&quot;^^xsd:integer; } else { return &quot;2&quot;^^xsd:integer; } } } Human.neno owl:DatatypeProperty neno:Method owl:Class

42. Fhat triple-code. owl:Thing demo:Human { xsd:integer example(xsd:string a) { if(a == &quot;marko&quot;^^xsd:string) { return &quot;1&quot;^^xsd:integer; } else { return &quot;2&quot;^^xsd:integer; } } } Instantiates to

43. Fhat RVM. PC (current instruction) Method variables LIFO Stack

44. The operand stack. x = 1 + (2 * 3)

46. General system architecture. Neno source code Fhat triple-code Fhat RDF Virtual Machine Native Machine Code ?Other Virtual Machine? With Fhat, the state of the RVM is maintained in the triple-store. An external process evolves the state of the machine and thus, computes. Fhat RDF State Fhat RDF Process

47. General system architecture.

51. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

59. The evolutionary computing model. Everything is a URI. A Fhat RVM can get a pointer to itself and thus, process itself.

60. A birds-eye view of the Neno/Fhat Semantic Web. www.lanl.gov www.domainC.com www.mesur.org <rdf> </rdf> www.domainA.com www.domainB.com <rdf> </rdf> www.domainD.com Triple-store Triple-store Triple-store Triple-store Web-server Web-server application RVM Fhat Process Fhat Process Fhat Process Linked Data

61. Overview Introduction to semantic networks A quick Semantic Web tutorial A quick object-oriented/virtual machine tutorial Neno the language and Fhat the virtual machine Practical applications Conclusion

64. Questions? Neno / Fhat is at http://neno.lanl.gov Many thanks to the L A N L Research Library for their support.