The document summarizes the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia, with a focus on Thailand. It discusses how HIV is transmitted and key risk groups. In Asia, 5 million people are living with HIV, including 160,000 children. Major risk groups are injecting drug users, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. In Thailand, the epidemic has shifted from being concentrated among injecting drug users and sex workers, to a more generalized epidemic. While prevention and treatment programs have made progress, warning signs of a rising epidemic include increased risky behavior and high prevalence among hard to reach groups.

1. The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Asia Jintanat Ananworanich, MD, PhD US Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre Bangkok, Thailand [email_address]

3. Transmission of HIV Occupational exposure: Needle stick in health care personnel

4. Factors Associated with Higher Risk for HIV Transmission The person who is the source for infection has high amount of HIV virus in the body

5. HIV Infection

8. HIV Prevalence in Asia UNGASS 2008-2009 Report (From the slide collection of Prof. Praphan Phanuphak) Country HIV prevalence Number with HIV infection Thailand 1.3% 530,000 Cambodia 0.70% 57,900 Myanmar 0.61% 238,000 Vietnam 0.44% 254,000 India 0.29% 2,270,000 China 0.06% 740,000

9. HIV Prevalence in Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) Bergenstrom and Abdul-Quader, AIDS 2010 Country Estimated number of IDUs HIV prevalence in IDUs China 2,350,000 12.3% Indonesia 219,130 42.5% Malaysia 205,000 10.3% Thailand 160,528 42.5% Vietnam 135,305 33.9% Pakistan 130,460 10.8% Myanmar 75,000 42.6%

10. HIV Prevalence in Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) van Griensven and van Wijngaarden, AIDS 2010 Country HIV prevalence in MSM (%) Myanmar 23.5 – 35 Thailand 5.5 – 30.8 India 4.8 – 24.7 China 0.05 – 12.5 Vietnam 5.3 – 9.4 Cambodia 0.8 – 8.7 Indonesia 2.1 – 8.1

11. Thailand: From a Concentrated to a Generalized HIV Epidemic IDUs: Injecting drug users; FSWs: Female sex workers

12. Thailand: HIV Statistics 2010 UNAIDS report; Thai MOPH Statistics in 2009 Values Thailand population 67 million Number of adults living with HIV 530,000 Adult HIV prevalence 1% Children living with HIV 22,000 Deaths since beginning of epidemics 500,000 Antiretroviral treatment coverage > 80% Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission coverage 95%

13. Thailand: HIV in Different At-Risk Groups Bertozzi SM, et al. Lancet 2008

14. van Griensven, JAIDS 2009 One in Three MSM in Bangkok has HIV Infection