Introductiontoorganicchemistry 090518040648 Phpapp02

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nomenclature and Isomerism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hex- Pent- But- Pro- Eth- Meth- Prefix 6 5 4 3 2 1 Number of C atoms

Nomenclature -oate Esters -oic C n H 2n CO 2 H Carboxylic Acids C=O -one Ketones -al Aldehyde – OH -ol C n H 2n+1 OH Alcohols – Cl or –Br chloro -, bromo- etc Haloalkanes C=C -ene C n H 2n Alkenes C –H -ane C n H 2n+2 Alkanes Functional group Name General Formula Homologous Series – C O H – C O O–C – C O OH

Isomerisation ,[object Object],Butane 2-Methyl propane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CH 3 –CH 2 –CH 2 –CH 3 CH 3 –CH –CH 3 CH 3

Petroleum and Alkanes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Petroleum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Combustion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pollution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alkenes and Epoxyethane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reactions of Alkenes +H 2 catalyst Heat & pressure +Br 2 +HCl +steam & catalyst n Catalyst & heat Remember in the presence of alkenes bromine water decolourises H H – C –C – H H Br Br – C –C – H Cl – C –C – H OH – C –C – alkane C=C

Epoxyethane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],O CH 2 CH 2

Haloalkanes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C Br : CN -  -  + The carbon atom of the CN - ion donates a pair of electrons to the haloalkane and the C –Br breaks with loss of a bromide ion. A new C –CN bond is formed.

Elimination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alcohols Primary Secondary Tertiary Alcohols are classified according to the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the OH group. C OH C C C C OH H H C C OH H C C

Manufacture of Alcohols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reactions of Alcohols ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introductiontoorganicchemistry 090518040648 Phpapp02

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