SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 48
Download to read offline
Chapter 12
The Changing Context of
American Race and Ethnic
Relations: Current and Future
Issues
Chapter Outline
   Issues of the Newest Immigration
       Economic Issues
       Social and Cultural Issues
       Issues of Immigrant Adaptation and Integration
       A Revitalized Nativism?
       Arab Americans
   Cultural Assimilation or Pluralism?
    Competing Goals
   The Continuing Gap between Euro-
    Americans and Racial-Ethnic Minorities
       Compensatory Policies
       Affirmative Action
       The Legal Issues of Affirmative Action
       The Politics of Affirmative Action
       The Future of Affirmative Action
3 Important Issues in the
Changing Context
   1) the changing ethnic configuration
   2) assimilation versus pluralism
   3) continued gap between Euro-American
    and most Asian groups on the one hand and
    African American, Hispanic American, and
    Native American groups on the other
Issues of the Newest
Immigration
   Economic issues
       The newest immigration favors some sectors of
        the economy and harms others.
       Most Mexican and Caribbean immigrants benefit
        employers in labor-intensive industries but
        depress the job opportunities of native low-status
        workers.
       Many Asian Indians, Chinese, and Filipinos are
        highly trained professionals and managers and
        are needed as the U.S. lags in producing highly
        trained scientific workers.
Polling Question
   Is immigration good for the United States?
   Illegal immigration
       Approximately 12 million illegal immigrants
       More than 70% of farm-workers are illegal
        immigrants
       Future labor needs can be met only with an influx
        of immigrants.
       Demand will be particularly evident in high skill
        areas.
   Social and cultural issues
       Americans have mixed feelings about the
        increased diversity of the new immigrants.
       Language has been controversial.
           Some have sought to make English the official
            language.
           Others claim an official language masks ethnic
            antagonism.
           Majority of immigrants want to and do learn English.
   New Immigration
       Current immigrants are likely to experience
        segmented assimilation.
       The labor market has changed from industrial to
        segmented.
       Recent immigrants maintain contact with their
        country of origin through communication and
        transportation technologies.
   New immigrants continue to arrive from the same
    countries.
   Mass media homogenize through anticipatory
    acculturation.
   Society and the economy have moved toward
    acceptance of ethnic pluralism.
Polling Question
   How do the media influence assimilation?
   Assimilation
       Is proceeding.
       Is a reciprocal process
       Usually occurs in a series of small shifts.
   A revitalized nativism?
   Tolerance for immigration rises and falls with
       Economic conditions.
       International events including terrorist attacks
   The focus of the current debate is mostly on
    Mexicans, particularly the undocumented.
Arab Americans
   Middle Easterners represent a diversity of
       Ethnic populations
       Religious populations
       Political groups
   Most Arab Americans today trace their origins
    to before WWII.
   Numbers swelled beginning in the 1970s.
   Most early Arab immigrants were poor and
    uneducated but were Christian and soon
    blended into the population.
   The last wave is more diverse in
    geographical origin, ethnicity, religion and
    social class. Many have come because of
    political unrest.
12 marger ppt
   Major concentrations are in Detroit, Los
    Angeles, and New York.
   They represent a broad range of social
    classes and occupations.
   Attainments are usually higher than the
    general population.
12 marger ppt
   Arab Americans have been subjected to
    negative stereotypes of Muslims.
   It has been particularly strong since 9/11 in
    2001.
   Air travel has been especially difficult.
   Arabs have traditionally been seen as
    mysterious and villainous.
   Negative images have been exacerbated by
       The media
       Oil crisis of 1970s
       September 11, 2001
   Assimilation
   Questions of ethnic classification
       U.S. census classifies them as white.
       Most do not see themselves as white.
   Cultural conflict between traditional devout
    Muslim values and modern American values
    had led to isolation.
   They are increasingly integrated into current
    society through the consumer market.
   Most Arab Americans are American in their
    outlook, values, and attitudes.
Cultural Assimilation or
Pluralism?
   Traditionally, assimilation was assumed.
   Today, the assumption is in dispute.
   Beginning in the 1960s, heightened collective
    consciousness has developed.
   Some are promoting pluralism.
   Multicultural ideas and policies are reflected
    in most major social institutions, especially
    education. Bilingualism is controversial.
Polling Question
   Why is bilingualism controversial?
   Different ethnicities are mixing in the central
    cities.
   Pluralistic principles are stronger, but ethnic
    differences are diminishing.
   Ethnic leaders may argue that cultures must
    be preserved but most immigrants want
    assimilation.
The Continuing Gap between Euro-
Americans and Racial-Ethnic Minorities

   Public policy debates center on persistent
    economic gaps and social distance.
   Compensatory policies
       Arose from the civil rights movement and new
        pluralism of the 1960s and 1970s
       Designed to raise group positions
       Designed to protect minority groups from
        discrimination
   Affirmative action was designed to advance
    the economic and educational achievement
    of the minorities that had been most
    victimized.
   It is now focused on achieving equality of
    result in addition to equality of opportunity.
Affirmative Action: The Debate
   Affirmative Action is Necessary:
       Indirect and Institutional forms of discrimination
        continue to perpetuate non-white disadvantage.
       Non-whites enter the competition with background
        disadvantages.
       Without affirmative action, we will return to the
        discrimination of the past.
       Affirmative action provides social capital.
   Affirmative Action is Unfair:
       It results in reverse discrimination.
       Success is not based on individual merit.
       Targeted groups are stigmatized.
       It is too sweeping in application.
       The major beneficiaries have been middle class.
Polling Question
   Have you benefited from affirmative action?
The Legal Issues of Affirmative
Action
   Griggs v. Duke Power 1971—Tests given to
    potential employees can be invalidated if they
    had harmful effects and were not necessary.
   Bakke case 1978—Court ruled that quotas
    were illegal, but the use of race can be one of
    many criteria and can be used to create a
    balanced student body.
   Weber v. Kaiser Aluminum—Court declared
    that employers seeking to increase minority
    representation could use quotas but a later
    case ruled that layoffs must be according to
    seniority.
   Adarand Construction v. Pena 1995—Court
    placed tight limits on affirmative action.
   2007 Supreme Court ruled that efforts to
    balance the racial makeup by allocating
    students to schools was unconstitutional.
The Politics of Affirmative
Action
   Democrats have for the most part supported it.
   Republicans have opposed, or given lukewarm
    support and sought to limit its application.
   Presidential administrations up until Reagan
    supported affirmative action.
   Reagan sought to subvert it.
   G.W. Bush's Supreme Court appointments will likely
    limit it further.
   Public opinion
   A majority have generally supported the
    rationale, but not always the specific
    programs.
   Support has decreased in recent years.
       Perception that equality exists.
       The real issue is social class.
       Essentially a matter of fairness.
   The objective has shifted from an effort to
    make up for past wrongs to creating the
    proportional makeup of the broader group.
   Corporations support affirmative action, but
    specifically using race is increasingly
    unpopular.
Looking Ahead
   Opinion about racial/ethnic issues remains
    divided.
   Divisions among racial/ethnic minorities are
    increasing.
   We expect ethnic discord to be present for
    years to come.
   Reasons for optimism
       Evidence of growing tolerance
       U.S. is generally socially and politically cohesive.
       Intermarriage rates are rising.
       Level of American conflict is mild compared with
        other societies.
Quick Quiz
Quiz
1. The ________ Supreme Court case ruled
  that universities could use race as one of
  several criteria in selecting students.
  A.   Plessy v. Ferguson
  B.   Bakke
  C.   Griggs
  D.   Loving v. Virginia
B. The Bakke Supreme Court case ruled that
  universities could use race as one of several
  criteria in selecting students.
2. Recent immigration to the U.S. is different
  from earlier immigration in that
  A. industrial job opportunities are plentiful.
  B. immigrants can easily maintain contact with their
    country of origin.
  C. ethnic pluralism is less popular than it was in the
    past.
  D. All of the above
B. Recent immigration to the U.S. is different
  from earlier immigration in that immigrants
  can easily maintain contact with their country
  of origin.
3. Recently arriving Arab Americans are
  particularly subjected to negative stereotypes
  of
  A.   Jews.
  B.   Muslims.
  C.   Sephardics.
  D.   Catholics.
B. Recently arriving Arab Americans are
  particularly subjected to negative stereotypes
  of Muslims.
4. Arab Americans are currently classified as
  ________ in the census.
  A.   white
  B.   black
  C.   brown
  D.   Middle Eastern
4. Arab Americans are currently classified as
  white in the census.
5. The purpose of affirmative action is shifting
  toward
  A.   making up for past wrongs.
  B.   equality of opportunity.
  C.   equality of results.
  D.   reverse discrimination.
C. The purpose of affirmative action is shifting
  toward equality of results.

More Related Content

What's hot

Immigration in the USA
Immigration in the USAImmigration in the USA
Immigration in the USAmarianavigato0
 
AAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentation
AAPF Grantmakers in Education PresentationAAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentation
AAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentationaapfslides
 
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5Melanie Zurba
 
MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...
MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...
MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...Nam Kyu Kang
 
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.Swati Chaudhary
 
Chapter 4. discrimination in american society
Chapter 4. discrimination in american societyChapter 4. discrimination in american society
Chapter 4. discrimination in american societyTheSamaritanInn
 
Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.
Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.
Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.ALMA HERNANDEZ, JD, LMSW
 
Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...
Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...
Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...William Kritsonis
 
history ch 18
history ch 18history ch 18
history ch 18missjade
 
Reshaping the Media Landscape
Reshaping the Media LandscapeReshaping the Media Landscape
Reshaping the Media LandscapeLerma Agency
 

What's hot (17)

Immigration in the USA
Immigration in the USAImmigration in the USA
Immigration in the USA
 
AAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentation
AAPF Grantmakers in Education PresentationAAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentation
AAPF Grantmakers in Education Presentation
 
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session5
 
Ethnic Conflict
Ethnic Conflict Ethnic Conflict
Ethnic Conflict
 
MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...
MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...
MINORITIES AND POLITICS Understanding the Common Cause of Their Rise in Polit...
 
The Changing Jury Pool: Gen Y'ers
The Changing Jury Pool:  Gen Y'ersThe Changing Jury Pool:  Gen Y'ers
The Changing Jury Pool: Gen Y'ers
 
2013 BEYA Seminar: Global Health- Place Matters
2013 BEYA Seminar: Global Health- Place Matters2013 BEYA Seminar: Global Health- Place Matters
2013 BEYA Seminar: Global Health- Place Matters
 
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.
Race, Redlining and our Neighborhoods: Brooklyn, Chicago & D.C.
 
Chapter 4. discrimination in american society
Chapter 4. discrimination in american societyChapter 4. discrimination in american society
Chapter 4. discrimination in american society
 
THE JONES ACT - MAKING AMERICA GREAT AGAIN
THE JONES ACT - MAKING AMERICA GREAT AGAINTHE JONES ACT - MAKING AMERICA GREAT AGAIN
THE JONES ACT - MAKING AMERICA GREAT AGAIN
 
Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.
Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.
Understanding racism, sexism, heterosexism, and class privilege cont.
 
Module 4 ppt
Module 4 pptModule 4 ppt
Module 4 ppt
 
Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...
Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...
Hadjicostandi, joanna historical growth of african americans nfmij v12 n...
 
history ch 18
history ch 18history ch 18
history ch 18
 
AN ASSESSMENT OF HAUSA
AN ASSESSMENT OF HAUSAAN ASSESSMENT OF HAUSA
AN ASSESSMENT OF HAUSA
 
Reshaping the Media Landscape
Reshaping the Media LandscapeReshaping the Media Landscape
Reshaping the Media Landscape
 
Schaefer c10
Schaefer c10Schaefer c10
Schaefer c10
 

Similar to 12 marger ppt

Multiculturalism And The American Dream
Multiculturalism And The American DreamMulticulturalism And The American Dream
Multiculturalism And The American DreamTiffany Sandoval
 
Which of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docx
Which of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docxWhich of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docx
Which of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docxjolleybendicty
 
Issues Involving Racial Inequality In Society Today
Issues Involving Racial Inequality In Society TodayIssues Involving Racial Inequality In Society Today
Issues Involving Racial Inequality In Society TodayKatrina Green
 
Reflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docx
Reflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docxReflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docx
Reflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docxcarlt3
 
America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011
America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011
America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011Pixel Prose Media, LLC
 
Immigration Patterns
Immigration PatternsImmigration Patterns
Immigration PatternsEmily Holmes
 
Illegal Immigration And The Economy Essay
Illegal Immigration And The Economy EssayIllegal Immigration And The Economy Essay
Illegal Immigration And The Economy EssayBuying Papers Canada
 
Immigration Threatens American Culture
Immigration Threatens American CultureImmigration Threatens American Culture
Immigration Threatens American CultureNatasha Barnett
 

Similar to 12 marger ppt (20)

The challenge of diversity
The challenge of diversityThe challenge of diversity
The challenge of diversity
 
The challenge of diversity
The challenge of diversity The challenge of diversity
The challenge of diversity
 
Causes And Effects Of Immigration
Causes And Effects Of ImmigrationCauses And Effects Of Immigration
Causes And Effects Of Immigration
 
Multiculturalism And The American Dream
Multiculturalism And The American DreamMulticulturalism And The American Dream
Multiculturalism And The American Dream
 
Which of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docx
Which of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docxWhich of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docx
Which of the following statements about Mexican immigration to.docx
 
Issues Involving Racial Inequality In Society Today
Issues Involving Racial Inequality In Society TodayIssues Involving Racial Inequality In Society Today
Issues Involving Racial Inequality In Society Today
 
Race and Class
Race and ClassRace and Class
Race and Class
 
US Immigrants - Friends or Fiends
US  Immigrants - Friends or FiendsUS  Immigrants - Friends or Fiends
US Immigrants - Friends or Fiends
 
Immigration Essay
Immigration EssayImmigration Essay
Immigration Essay
 
Reflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docx
Reflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docxReflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docx
Reflective Essay- Nursing professionDirectionsImagine or be s.docx
 
Racial and ethnic tensions report
Racial and ethnic tensions reportRacial and ethnic tensions report
Racial and ethnic tensions report
 
America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011
America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011
America's Tomorrow Press Coverage May-July 2011
 
Immigration Patterns
Immigration PatternsImmigration Patterns
Immigration Patterns
 
Illegal Immigration And The Economy Essay
Illegal Immigration And The Economy EssayIllegal Immigration And The Economy Essay
Illegal Immigration And The Economy Essay
 
Immigration Threatens American Culture
Immigration Threatens American CultureImmigration Threatens American Culture
Immigration Threatens American Culture
 
Essay On Immigrants Path To Citizenship
Essay On Immigrants Path To CitizenshipEssay On Immigrants Path To Citizenship
Essay On Immigrants Path To Citizenship
 
Essay On Pros And Cons Of Segregation
Essay On Pros And Cons Of SegregationEssay On Pros And Cons Of Segregation
Essay On Pros And Cons Of Segregation
 
Mexican Immigration History
Mexican Immigration HistoryMexican Immigration History
Mexican Immigration History
 
Essay On Racial Segregation
Essay On Racial SegregationEssay On Racial Segregation
Essay On Racial Segregation
 
Illegal Immigration Essay
Illegal Immigration EssayIllegal Immigration Essay
Illegal Immigration Essay
 

Recently uploaded

How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 

Recently uploaded (20)

How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 

12 marger ppt

  • 1. Chapter 12 The Changing Context of American Race and Ethnic Relations: Current and Future Issues
  • 2. Chapter Outline  Issues of the Newest Immigration  Economic Issues  Social and Cultural Issues  Issues of Immigrant Adaptation and Integration  A Revitalized Nativism?  Arab Americans  Cultural Assimilation or Pluralism? Competing Goals
  • 3. The Continuing Gap between Euro- Americans and Racial-Ethnic Minorities  Compensatory Policies  Affirmative Action  The Legal Issues of Affirmative Action  The Politics of Affirmative Action  The Future of Affirmative Action
  • 4. 3 Important Issues in the Changing Context  1) the changing ethnic configuration  2) assimilation versus pluralism  3) continued gap between Euro-American and most Asian groups on the one hand and African American, Hispanic American, and Native American groups on the other
  • 5. Issues of the Newest Immigration  Economic issues  The newest immigration favors some sectors of the economy and harms others.  Most Mexican and Caribbean immigrants benefit employers in labor-intensive industries but depress the job opportunities of native low-status workers.  Many Asian Indians, Chinese, and Filipinos are highly trained professionals and managers and are needed as the U.S. lags in producing highly trained scientific workers.
  • 6. Polling Question  Is immigration good for the United States?
  • 7. Illegal immigration  Approximately 12 million illegal immigrants  More than 70% of farm-workers are illegal immigrants  Future labor needs can be met only with an influx of immigrants.  Demand will be particularly evident in high skill areas.
  • 8. Social and cultural issues  Americans have mixed feelings about the increased diversity of the new immigrants.  Language has been controversial.  Some have sought to make English the official language.  Others claim an official language masks ethnic antagonism.  Majority of immigrants want to and do learn English.
  • 9. New Immigration  Current immigrants are likely to experience segmented assimilation.  The labor market has changed from industrial to segmented.  Recent immigrants maintain contact with their country of origin through communication and transportation technologies.
  • 10. New immigrants continue to arrive from the same countries.  Mass media homogenize through anticipatory acculturation.  Society and the economy have moved toward acceptance of ethnic pluralism.
  • 11. Polling Question  How do the media influence assimilation?
  • 12. Assimilation  Is proceeding.  Is a reciprocal process  Usually occurs in a series of small shifts.
  • 13. A revitalized nativism?  Tolerance for immigration rises and falls with  Economic conditions.  International events including terrorist attacks  The focus of the current debate is mostly on Mexicans, particularly the undocumented.
  • 14. Arab Americans  Middle Easterners represent a diversity of  Ethnic populations  Religious populations  Political groups  Most Arab Americans today trace their origins to before WWII.  Numbers swelled beginning in the 1970s.
  • 15. Most early Arab immigrants were poor and uneducated but were Christian and soon blended into the population.  The last wave is more diverse in geographical origin, ethnicity, religion and social class. Many have come because of political unrest.
  • 17. Major concentrations are in Detroit, Los Angeles, and New York.  They represent a broad range of social classes and occupations.  Attainments are usually higher than the general population.
  • 19. Arab Americans have been subjected to negative stereotypes of Muslims.  It has been particularly strong since 9/11 in 2001.  Air travel has been especially difficult.
  • 20. Arabs have traditionally been seen as mysterious and villainous.  Negative images have been exacerbated by  The media  Oil crisis of 1970s  September 11, 2001
  • 21. Assimilation  Questions of ethnic classification  U.S. census classifies them as white.  Most do not see themselves as white.  Cultural conflict between traditional devout Muslim values and modern American values had led to isolation.  They are increasingly integrated into current society through the consumer market.
  • 22. Most Arab Americans are American in their outlook, values, and attitudes.
  • 23. Cultural Assimilation or Pluralism?  Traditionally, assimilation was assumed.  Today, the assumption is in dispute.  Beginning in the 1960s, heightened collective consciousness has developed.  Some are promoting pluralism.  Multicultural ideas and policies are reflected in most major social institutions, especially education. Bilingualism is controversial.
  • 24. Polling Question  Why is bilingualism controversial?
  • 25. Different ethnicities are mixing in the central cities.  Pluralistic principles are stronger, but ethnic differences are diminishing.  Ethnic leaders may argue that cultures must be preserved but most immigrants want assimilation.
  • 26. The Continuing Gap between Euro- Americans and Racial-Ethnic Minorities  Public policy debates center on persistent economic gaps and social distance.  Compensatory policies  Arose from the civil rights movement and new pluralism of the 1960s and 1970s  Designed to raise group positions  Designed to protect minority groups from discrimination
  • 27. Affirmative action was designed to advance the economic and educational achievement of the minorities that had been most victimized.  It is now focused on achieving equality of result in addition to equality of opportunity.
  • 28. Affirmative Action: The Debate  Affirmative Action is Necessary:  Indirect and Institutional forms of discrimination continue to perpetuate non-white disadvantage.  Non-whites enter the competition with background disadvantages.  Without affirmative action, we will return to the discrimination of the past.  Affirmative action provides social capital.
  • 29. Affirmative Action is Unfair:  It results in reverse discrimination.  Success is not based on individual merit.  Targeted groups are stigmatized.  It is too sweeping in application.  The major beneficiaries have been middle class.
  • 30. Polling Question  Have you benefited from affirmative action?
  • 31. The Legal Issues of Affirmative Action  Griggs v. Duke Power 1971—Tests given to potential employees can be invalidated if they had harmful effects and were not necessary.  Bakke case 1978—Court ruled that quotas were illegal, but the use of race can be one of many criteria and can be used to create a balanced student body.
  • 32. Weber v. Kaiser Aluminum—Court declared that employers seeking to increase minority representation could use quotas but a later case ruled that layoffs must be according to seniority.  Adarand Construction v. Pena 1995—Court placed tight limits on affirmative action.  2007 Supreme Court ruled that efforts to balance the racial makeup by allocating students to schools was unconstitutional.
  • 33. The Politics of Affirmative Action  Democrats have for the most part supported it.  Republicans have opposed, or given lukewarm support and sought to limit its application.  Presidential administrations up until Reagan supported affirmative action.  Reagan sought to subvert it.  G.W. Bush's Supreme Court appointments will likely limit it further.
  • 34. Public opinion  A majority have generally supported the rationale, but not always the specific programs.  Support has decreased in recent years.  Perception that equality exists.  The real issue is social class.  Essentially a matter of fairness.
  • 35. The objective has shifted from an effort to make up for past wrongs to creating the proportional makeup of the broader group.  Corporations support affirmative action, but specifically using race is increasingly unpopular.
  • 36. Looking Ahead  Opinion about racial/ethnic issues remains divided.  Divisions among racial/ethnic minorities are increasing.  We expect ethnic discord to be present for years to come.
  • 37. Reasons for optimism  Evidence of growing tolerance  U.S. is generally socially and politically cohesive.  Intermarriage rates are rising.  Level of American conflict is mild compared with other societies.
  • 39. Quiz 1. The ________ Supreme Court case ruled that universities could use race as one of several criteria in selecting students. A. Plessy v. Ferguson B. Bakke C. Griggs D. Loving v. Virginia
  • 40. B. The Bakke Supreme Court case ruled that universities could use race as one of several criteria in selecting students.
  • 41. 2. Recent immigration to the U.S. is different from earlier immigration in that A. industrial job opportunities are plentiful. B. immigrants can easily maintain contact with their country of origin. C. ethnic pluralism is less popular than it was in the past. D. All of the above
  • 42. B. Recent immigration to the U.S. is different from earlier immigration in that immigrants can easily maintain contact with their country of origin.
  • 43. 3. Recently arriving Arab Americans are particularly subjected to negative stereotypes of A. Jews. B. Muslims. C. Sephardics. D. Catholics.
  • 44. B. Recently arriving Arab Americans are particularly subjected to negative stereotypes of Muslims.
  • 45. 4. Arab Americans are currently classified as ________ in the census. A. white B. black C. brown D. Middle Eastern
  • 46. 4. Arab Americans are currently classified as white in the census.
  • 47. 5. The purpose of affirmative action is shifting toward A. making up for past wrongs. B. equality of opportunity. C. equality of results. D. reverse discrimination.
  • 48. C. The purpose of affirmative action is shifting toward equality of results.