The Internet & The Cloud - Socio-economic Impact on Citizens

skimminglight.netThe Cloud
1/7824 June 2013
The Internet & The Cloud
Socio-Economic
Impact on Citizens

2/7824 June 2013
> Overview
The Cloud
Citizens' Control
Censorship
Surveillance
Conclusion

3/7824 June 2013
> Overview
The Cloud
Citizens' Control
Censorship
Surveillance
Conclusion

4/7824 June 2013
Definition
● No longer local
– Software, data, music, ...
– Services in data centers
● Utility Service
– Like gas, electricity, …
● Flexibility
– Pay-Per-Use
– Elasticity
– Quick provisioning
● Ubiquitous
– Wherever you want
– Whatever device

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...

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A data center

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More than just a buzz-word
Rather a paradigm shift

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> Overview
The Cloud
Citizens' Control
Censorship
Surveillance
Conclusion

9/7824 June 2013
Ownership
● Digitalization of goods
● From product to service
– Subscription-based
● In particular
– Books, magazines,
– Movies, music, television
– Software
>> You own nothing <<

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Terms of Use
● Arbitrariness
– Changes possible
– E.g. privacy policy Facebook
● Example: Linn Jordet Nygaard
– Amazon removed books
without prior warning
● Army of advocates
– SMEs cannot win
– Even if cloud provider did not meet SLAs
>> Take it or leave it <<
You

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Privacy
● Enormous profiling
– Surfing behavior
– Social trail
● Targeted publicity
– Stimulate consumption
● Incertainty
– Deleted vs. Invisible
– What in case of leakage?
>> You are the product <<

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Filter Bubble
● Priority to what might interest you
– Based on personal profile
● Protected from
– New ideas
– Potentially interesting info
>> They determine what you see <<

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Summary (1/2)
>> You own nothing <<
>> Take it or leave it <<
>> You are the product <<
>> They determine what you see <<

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Summary (2/2)
● Further concentration of
economic power
↔ democracy
↔ citizen

15/7824 June 2013
> Overview
The Cloud
Citizens' Control
Censorship
Surveillance
Conclusion

16/7824 June 2013
The cloud is good for you
“The Internet and in particular free cloud
services such as Twitter, Youtube and
Facebook democratized media. Everyone
can become news producer and consume
the news he selects. The hegemony of
the large media corporations is finally
broken.”
I l l u s i o n

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Greece, 2013

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Turkish protests 2013
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/jun/04/turkish-protestors-encryption-software-evade-censors
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/02/turkish-protesters-control-istanbul-square
"There is now a menace which is called
Twitter. The best examples of lies can be
found there. To me, social media is the
worst menace to society."
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Prime minister of Turkey

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In times of social stability, a high degree of
freedom is tolerated. However, when
tensions in society increase, governments
easily resort to Internet censorship.
(And we are not only talking about countries with a bad
reputation regarding freedom of the press)

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And not only governments
apply censorship...

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● Twitter applies country-
specific censorship policy
● Facebook censors
covers 'De Morgen'
● Facebook censors
lingerie shops
● Facebook sensors
gay-parties
● ...

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The censorship policy of cloud
providers can be quite selective

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● Gay parties
● Lingerie shops
● Fascist ideas

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Summary
● Censorship by
– Governments
● Undemocratic
– Cloud-providers
● Totally undemocratic
● Dominance cloud-providers → high impact
● Social instability → probability censorship
>> We cannot rely on the Internet
on crucial moments <<

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> Overview
The Cloud
Citizens' Control
Censorship
Surveillance
Conclusion

30/7824 June 2013
US Legislation
● FISA
– Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
● Patriot Act
– Anti-terrorism
– Surveillance & Detention

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Significantly reduced restrictions in law
enforcement agencies' gathering of intelligence
within the US (FBI, NSA, etc.)
Applies on US territory & US companies (Even
outside the US)

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http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/09/1focus.cfm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Act
Up to 7 days without charging suspects with
a crime.
Aliens charged with a crime: up to 6 month.
This can be prolonged (cfr. Guantanamo
Bay)

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Legislation
● Anti-terror legislation in many countries
– France, Germany, UK, Belgium, …
– Especially since September 2001
>> Legislation being developed
which undermines
social achievements / democracy <<

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And this legislation is applied massively...

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9 November 2005
http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-11-09/the-patriot-act-business-balks
“Fearing a terrorist attack, the FBI descended on
casinos, car rental agencies, storage warehouses,
and other Las Vegas businesses with sheaves of
"national security letters" demanding financial records
covering about 1 million revelers. Startled business
owners who questioned the action were told they had
one choice: cough up their documents or wind up
in court.”

36/7824 June 2013http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/23/washington/23intel.html
“Data from the Brussels-based banking
consortium, formally known as the Society for
Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication,
has allowed officials from the C.I.A., the Federal
Bureau of Investigation and other agencies to
examine "tens of thousands" of financial
transactions, Mr. Levey said.”

37/7824 June 2013
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order
“The National Security Agency is currently
collecting the telephone records of millions
of US customers of Verizon, one of
America's largest telecoms providers, under a
top secret court order issued in April.
The order, a copy of which has been obtained
by the Guardian, requires Verizon on an
"ongoing, daily basis" to give the NSA
information on all telephone calls in its
systems, both within the US and between the
US and other countries.”
6 June 2013

38/7824 June 2013
http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-
program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1
7 June 2013
Lets have a look at this case...

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The PRISM Case

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National Security Agency (NSA)
US Secret Service
Part of US army
Collection and analysis of electronic/digital
communications, both foreign an national
Founded in 1952 without consent of Congress
Existence long time denied
Staff: 35000 – 55000
Budget: 8 – 10 billion $

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NSA HQ

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The leaked slides

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The Utah Data Center

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Utah Data Center
“The Spy Center”
Property Amount
Owner NSA
(National Security Agency)
Construction period Sept. 2010 – Sept. 2013
Price 2 billion $
(excl. Hardware, software & maintenance
Surface 93000-140.000m²
3th
biggest data center worldwide
Required Power 65 Megawatts
Storage capacity Order of yottabytes
(1 yottabyte = 1 billion terabytes)

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March 2012

55/7824 June 2013
March 2012

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http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/utah-die-nsa-und-ihr-mammut-datencenter-fotostrecke-97676-3.html

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Obama reassures

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“Not only is Congress fully apprised of it, but what
is also true is that the Fisa court has to authorize
it.
What you have is two programs that were
originally authorized by Congress, have been
repeatedly authorized... Congress is
continuously briefed, there are whole layers of
safeguards involved.
We've also set up an audit process... after the
fact, making absolutely certain that all the
safeguards are being properly observed."
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/07/obama-administration-nsa-prism-revelations-live
“[PRISM] does not apply to US citizens and does
not apply to people living in the United States."

59/7824 June 2013http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/20/fisa-court-nsa-without-warrant
“The broad scope of the court orders, and the nature
of the procedures set out in the documents, appear to
clash with assurances from President Obama and
senior intelligence officials that the NSA could not
access Americans' call or email information
without warrants.”
“In practice, much of the decision-making appears
to lie with NSA analysts, rather than the Fisa court
or senior officials.”

60/7824 June 2013http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/20/fisa-court-nsa-without-warrant
“But except when a US citizen is specifically targeted,
the court orders used by the NSA to obtain [online
communications] as part of Prism are these general
FAA orders, not individualized warrants specific to
any individual.
Once armed with these general orders, the NSA is
empowered to compel telephone and internet
companies to turn over to it the communications
of any individual identified by the NSA. ”

61/7824 June 2013
http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1266777/exclusive-snowden-safe-hong-kong-more-us-cyberspying-details-revealed
“US spies are hacking into Chinese mobile phone
companies to steal text messages and attacking
the servers at Tsinghua University, Edward
Snowden has told the Sunday Morning Post.”

62/7824 June 20131. www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/07/obama-administration-nsa-prism-revelations-live
When you actually
look at the details,
I think we've struck
the right balance.1

63/7824 June 2013
To Sum Up
● Acess to data
– In rest & in transit
● Scale
– Unclear
– Much power & freedom to NSA
● Clear direction
– Obama extends surveillance of predecessor
– Growing Capabilities (technology & legal)
● More revelations?

65/7824 June 2013
Other countries

66/7824 June 2013http://reuters.tumblr.com/post/52817521108
81m
63m
63m
314m
80m
23m
1205m
199m
22m
61m
http://reuters.tumblr.com/post/52817521108
Proportionally, US is not on top
Data Accuracy?
Penetration of these services varies
population

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UK Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)

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“GCHQ has secretly gained access to the
network of cables which carry the world's
phone calls and internet traffic and has started
to process vast streams of sensitive personal
information which it is sharing with the NSA”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa
Snowden "They [GCHQ] are worse than the US."

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“[The] ambition is reflected in the titles [...]:
Mastering the Internet and Global Telecoms
Exploitation, aimed at scooping up as much
online and telephone traffic as possible. This is all
being carried out without any form of public
acknowledgement or debate.”

70/7824 June 2013
“[Storage] of data drawn from fibre-optic
cables for up to 30 days so that it can be
sifted and analysed. That operation,
codenamed Tempora, has been running for
some 18 months.”
“This includes recordings of phone calls,
the content of email messages, entries on
Facebook and the history of any internet
user's access to websites [...]”

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Other things
we don't know about?

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> Overview
The Cloud
Citizens' Control
Censorship
Surveillance
Conclusion

74/7824 June 2013
Erich Mielke,
Minister Staatssicherheit (Stasi)
from 1957 until 1989
in the former GDR
George Orwell,
Author of '1984'
Would have been inspiring to...
And many more...

75/7824 June 2013
Increased
censorship
Loss of
citizens' control
Increased
surveillance
Weakening
democracy
& rising
tensions
Contributes to
requires
requires
amplifies
facilitates
facilitates
Economic
decline
Nationalist
rethoric
Openess for
Acceptance of
Cyber war/
espionage
Contributesto

76/7824 June 2013
...
Put under
democratic control
(including the Internet
communication infrastructure &
related institutions)

77/7824 June 2013
Special thanks to
Edward Snowden
Who made an
enormous sacrifice

78/7824 June 2013
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The Internet & The Cloud – Socio-Economic Implications on Citizens
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