Linux commands

Linux Commands

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ls – shows list of files & directories
• fanaticgeek:~ gaurangaggarwal$ mkdir
shishpal

• mkdir – creates a new directory


• fanaticgeek:~ gaurangaggarwal$ cd shishpal/

• cd – change directory


• fanaticgeek:shishpal gaurangaggarwal$ ls

• ls shows all the files and directories except the
hidden files


• fanaticgeek:shishpal gaurangaggarwal$ mkdir
shishpal is a good boy

• mkdir can create multiple directories at same
time .


• fanaticgeek:shishpal gaurangaggarwal$ ls
• a boy good is shishpal

• ls now showing all the 5 directories created
using just one command


now ls –l shows every detail about files
and directories

• fanaticgeek:shishpal gaurangaggarwal$ ls -l
• total 0
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 a
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 boy
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26
good
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 is
shishpal


• drwxr-xr-x are the permissions of the file or
folder
– 1-2-3
– user-group-others

• w – write
• x – execute
• r – read

• fanaticgeek:shishpal gaurangaggarwal$ ls -a
• . a good shishpal
• .. boy is

• ls –a = shows hidden files and folders
• . & .. are the hidden files


• fanaticgeek:shishpal gaurangaggarwal$ ls -la
• total 0
• drwxr-xr-x 7 gaurangaggarwal staff 238 Jul 5 09:26 .
• drwxr-xr-x+ 69 gaurangaggarwal staff 2346 Jul 5 09:25 ..
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 a
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 boy
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 good
• drwxr-xr-x 2 gaurangaggarwal staff 68 Jul 5 09:26 is
shishpal

• details are shown for hidden files as well because of –a

mv
• mv is for moving the files or folder

• mv file1 to file2
• file1 will be deleted
• and renamed to file2
• only file2 will be shown


cp
• cp file1 file2
• you will be having 2 files
• file1 , file2


Ctrl Z
• is used for stopping the currently running
command


Up key
• shows previous commands


man
• man <command name>
• shows manual / help page of the command

• eg : man ls
• it shows help page of “ls” command


Ctrl R
• if you remember some alphabets of past
commands then type that after pressing Ctrl R
.


top
• shows all the processes running in your terminal
• Processes: 154 total, 4 running, 1 stuck, 149 sleeping, 902 threads 09:38:54
• Load Avg: 0.81, 0.90, 0.86 CPU usage: 6.71% user, 3.35% sys, 89.92% idle
• SharedLibs: 3916K resident, 6656K data, 0B linkedit.
• MemRegions: 74165 total, 2118M resident, 40M private, 725M shared.
• PhysMem: 1134M wired, 1964M active, 961M inactive, 4059M used, 29M free.
• VM: 323G vsize, 1043M framework vsize, 6354631(13) pageins, 1719226(0)
pageouts.
• Networks: packets: 2754466/2096M in, 2972528/824M out.
• Disks: 3441373/73G read, 1767764/81G written.

• PID COMMAND %CPU TIME #TH #WQ #PORT #MREGS RPRVT RSHRD
RSIZE
• 6462 top 15.1 00:00.90 1/1 0 24 33 1596K 244K 2176K
• 6458 fontd 0.0 00:00.11 3 1 78 115 4244K 616K 5288K
• 6456- mdworker32 0.0 00:00.23 3 1 53 136 2872K 5772K 7496K


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