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QDAS* development and trends in qualitative research,[object Object],Dr. Silvana di Gregorio,[object Object],SdG Associates: London & Boston,[object Object],www.sdgassociates.com,[object Object],*Qualitative Data Analysis Software,[object Object]
PREZI presentation,[object Object],A PREZI version of this same presentation is available at:,[object Object],http://prezi.com/82arnt4a5pyb/qdas-development-and-future-trends/,[object Object]
Judy Davidson, Ph.D.,[object Object],University of Mass-Lowell,[object Object],Silvana diGregorio, Ph.D.,[object Object],SDG Associates,[object Object],A Collaboration of Many Years,[object Object]
Presentation based upon our chapter: ,[object Object],Davidson, J. & di Gregorio, S. (forthcoming) Qualitative research and technology:  In the midst of a revolution.  In N. Denzin and Y. Lincoln’s Handbook of Qualitative Inquiry (4th ed.).  Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  ,[object Object]
.There are multiple brands and features, but all possess similar core capacities.,[object Object],QDAS offers one-stop-shopping for the discerning qualitative researcher.  ,[object Object],Over time…the tools have become increasingly comprehensive,[object Object],and interfaces have become increasingly complex,[object Object]
Limitations and Challenges,[object Object],Many senior researchers do not use these tools.  ,[object Object],The use of these tools is confined primarily to qualitative researchers both in- and outside-of academia.,[object Object],Few institutions provide sufficient infrastructure support for broad and deep QDAS use. ,[object Object],QDAS development has not been considered part of the mainstream history of qualitative research methodology.  ,[object Object]
QDAS to QDAS 2.0,[object Object],We believed that to understand QDAS 2.0, it was necessary to chart QDAS development within the context of the evolution of qualitative research methodology.  We turned to Denzin and Lincoln’s Eight Moments in qualitative research for this framework.  We compared this framework with our Stages of QDAS development to produce an historical understanding of the development of QDAS that would inform our views of QDAS 2.0.  ,[object Object]
Eight Moments in Qualitative Research,[object Object]
Qualitative Research and its Technologies …in Evolution,[object Object]
Traditional/Modernist: early 1900’s to 1970,[object Object],Notebooks, Typewriters, Carbon Paper,  and McBee Keysort Cards! ,[object Object],Classical era of anthropology and sociology (Malinowski, Mead…,[object Object],Golden age of rigor in qualitative analysis (Becker, Glaser…),[object Object],Pre-QDAS,[object Object]
Blurred Genres: 1970-1986(Think: Geertz, Erickson, Guba, Lincoln, Stake, Eisner),[object Object],QDAS exploded onto the qualitative research scene in the early 1980’s.,[object Object],1981-NUD*IST released,[object Object],1984-Ethnograph,[object Object],…and the rest is history,[object Object],Audio cassettes had also recently come into being.  ,[object Object],QDAS developers  are social scientists and are working in relative isolation.,[object Object]
The Typology Era,[object Object],Crisis of Representation,[object Object],Mid 1980’s to Early 1990’s,[object Object],Matching a specific project to a specific software package,[object Object],1989! First International Conference on Qualitative Computing: University of Surrey, UK,[object Object]
RenataTesch (1990):,[object Object],Strauss and Corbin (1990): ,[object Object],Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools.,[object Object],Identifies 46 types of qualitative research and 10 common principles among them,[object Object],Most QDAS packages support these forms of research.,[object Object],Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques.,[object Object],Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory approach became negatively associated with the notion of QDAS,[object Object],Intersections:  QR and QDAS,[object Object]
Fielding and Lee (2007),[object Object],“There was also an assumption that we were seeking to establish some kind of orthodoxy around the analytic process, particularly in relation to grounded theory.  This is an assumption we have always strongly resisted.  For us, identification of the coding features found in many qualitative data analysis programs with grounded theory has tended to elide program features, analytic procedures and methodological approaches.” ,[object Object],…looking back on the challenge to QDAS that  emerged in relationship to Strauss and Corbin’s work .,[object Object]
In Qualitative Research…,[object Object],In QDAS…,[object Object],Competition among QDAS developers to provide packages with core features consumers desire and new whistles and bells.,[object Object],Experimentation with Generic Tools as QDAS ,[object Object],Writing experiments abound:,[object Object],Autoethnography,[object Object],Multi-media,[object Object],Performance Ethnography,[object Object],Post-modernism and post-experimental: Early 1990’s to 2000,[object Object]
Comprehensive Texts,[object Object],Projects and Conferences,[object Object],1994: CAQDAS Networking Project funded by ESRC at Univ of Surrey, UK,[object Object],1995: Sage QDAS venture,[object Object],Fielding and Lee (1991),[object Object],Miles and Weitzman (1994),[object Object],Kelle (1995),[object Object],QDAS Texts/Projects/Conferences Emerge,[object Object]
Methodologically Contested Present:  2000-2008,[object Object],Meta-perspectives on QDAS,[object Object],What are the principles that should guide good/trustworthy QDAS-based QR work?,[object Object],How are these principles applicable across QDAS packages?,[object Object],Divergences and Convergences,[object Object]
Lewins and Silver(2007),[object Object],di Gregorio & Davidson (2008),[object Object],Meta-perspectives on QDAS emerge,[object Object]
Timeline,[object Object]
Why is this history important?,[object Object],Shows parallel but disconnected developments with qualitative research community and QDAS community,[object Object],Can explain slowness of QDAS being accepted in qualitative research community,[object Object],Looking at the past helps us understand how we got to the present,[object Object],For the future, QDAS people need to work with the wider qualitative research community,[object Object]
Skeuomorph,[object Object],“A skeuomorph is a design feature that is no longer functional in itself, but that refers back to a feature that was functional at an earlier time…Skeuomorphs visibly testify to the social or psychological necessity for innovation to be tempered by replication…” (Hayles, 1999, 17),[object Object]
Skeuomorphs,[object Object]
Backcasting,[object Object],[object Object]

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00 Qdas Development And Trends In Qualitatve Analysis