Presentation 21 4-11electrotherapy

Practical issues of EPAs restricted to low frequency currents Thangamani Ramalingam

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Electrical Stimulation The In’s & Out’s of Getting Zapped

Electrical Currents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Direct Current ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Alternating Current ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pulse Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A B C D E F ,[object Object],[object Object],B F

Pulse Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pulse Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Measures of Electrical Current Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What happens in the Body? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physiological effects of electrical stimulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Therapeutic Uses for Electrical Stimulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Clinical application of Electricity: minimizing the resistance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Clinical Application of Electricity: Material of Circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stimulation Parameter : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Simulation Parameter ,[object Object],[object Object]

Stimulation Parameter: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stimulation Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stimulation Parameter : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DC AC

Stimulation Parameter: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stimulation Parameter: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Capacitance: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Capacitance: ,[object Object],[object Object]

Factors effecting the clinical application of electricity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HISTORY OF ES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recent perceptions in practice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Electrotherapeutic Windows ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Arndt-Schulz rule or law

FAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evidence based practice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recommendations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Critically appraised paper (peer reviewed) is more reliable

Clinical guidelines always superior than systematic reviews

Clinical guidelines as a resource for EBP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The practical issues ,[object Object],[object Object]

TENS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

IFT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Wound Healing: E- stim for Tissue Repair (ESTR) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Current of Injury” cont... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contemporary Theory: Galvanotaxis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Electrode Placement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ELECTROTHERAPY TREATMENT OF SWELLING I EDEMA 20 min daily MOTOR Varies: need ms. pump N/A HVPC BIPHASIC RUSSIAN Reduction SUBACUTE I CHRONIC 30 Min/ 4 HRS during acute stage SUBMOTOR 120 PPS (--) HVPC Control of Formation ACUTE TIME RESPONSE FREQ Polarity CURRENT Rx STAGE

Voluntary contraction Vs Electrical stimulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Faradic Vs galvanic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Denervated muscle stimulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Muscle Contractions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Frequency selection: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Electrocution and dangers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Unexpected effects of ES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Risk Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ES for neurological conditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The history of FES before 19th century 

First registered FES work Liberson, et al 1961

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bionic Glove

Lower Limb: Odstock foot drop stimulator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Presentation 21 4-11electrotherapy

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Presentation 21 4-11electrotherapy