This Mention the Landmark Females all through the medical history,

1. Women Fingerprints In
Medicine
Waheed Shouman
Professor of Chest Medicine
Zagazig University
Egypt

2. The start was here
In Egypt
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The Egyptian Imhotep (2667 - 2648 BC) is the first physician in history
To him, Edwin Smith Papyrus, the oldest true medical paper, was attributed.
It is the 1st surgical textbook that differentiate between medicine and magic
He is considered the father of medicine
Besides, He was architect and a priest

3. Merit Ptah

4. Merit Ptah
(2700 BC). She is most notable for being the first woman known by name in the
history of the field of medicine, and possibly the first named woman in all of science
as well.

5. Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (69–30 BC)

6. Queen Cleopatra
She was aware of gynecological diseases and
illnesses and had a deep knowledge in
pharmacology,

7. Agnodice or Agnodike
Agnodice or Agnodike (4th century BC) was the first female Athenian Physician and
Gynaecologist
She received her education in Alexandria, Egypt at the University of Alexandria,
Some consider her as a myth

8. The first European female physicians was the Italian
Dr Trotula of Salerno in the 12th century, almost
4,000 years after Merit-Ptah
Trotula of Salerno

10. The Bimaristan of Al-Mansouri founded by Memluke Sultan Al
Mansour Qalawoon, 1279

11. I come here today … to tell you that
coeducation has proved an absolute failure,
from our standpoint. When I tell you that 33.3
per cent of the ladies, students, admitted to
Johns Hopkins Hospital at the end of our short
session are to be married, then I tell you that
coeducation is a failure. — William Osler, 1894

12. "…women are neither physically nor mentally
strong enough to cope with the endless
medical round…their delicate sensibilities
surely equip them to be the handmaids of
doctors…"

13. Dorothea Christiane Erxleben

14. Dorothea Christiane Erxleben
(1715-1762)
was the first certified female physician in Germany

15. James Miranda Stuart Barry (789-1799 – 25
July 1865, ), was a military surgeon in the
British Army
He is a female and named Margaret Ann
Bulkley, this was discovered at her death
James Barry began his, or rather her,
medical training as early as 1812

16. Elizabeth Blackwell

17. • Elizabeth Blackwell (3 February 1821 – 31
May 1910), born in England
• 1st women certified as a physician in USA, in
1849 from Geneva Medical College
• In 1847, All male students voted yes for her
application as a joke
• Her sister Emily was the 3rd woman to have
medical degree in USA

18. Elizabeth Blackwell set a precedent for women
doctors in the modern world. On a visit to
England in 1859 she met Elizabeth Garrett
who went on to become the first woman
doctor in Britain and also a pioneer of
women's medicine in Europe

20. Elizabeth Garrett
Anderson

21. Gerty Cori

22. • In 1947, Gerty Cori, American biochemist, born
in Prague, was the 1st female to win Nobel prize
in Physiology or Medicine shared with her
husband (Carl Ferdinand Cori) for discovery of
Glycogen transformation to lactic acid in
muscles (Cori cycle)
• Marie Curie-Skłodowska won Nobel prize twice
1901 in Physics (shared with her husband Pierre)
and in 1911 in Chemistry unshared, not in
Medicine

23. Virginia Apgar

24. • In 1952, Virginia Apgar, the first full Professor
at Colombia University College of Medicine,
developed Apgar Score, the best and 1st
standardized test to evaluate neonates

25. Dr Hilana Sedarous(1904-1998) is the first Egyptian female
doctor. Born in Tanta
 She qualified as a doctor in 1930 and returned to Egypt
to work in Kitchener hospital in Cairo
 She opened a private clinic specialize in OB/Gyn and
she carried her surgical procedures at the Coptic
hospital in Cairo.

26. Dr. Zahira Abdin

27. Dr. Zahira Abdin, (1917-2002)
 A pediatrician and rheumatic heart disease specialist
 The 1st female in kasr El-Aini Faculty of Medicine in 1936
 The first Egyptian lady to become a member of the Royal College of
Physicians (Internal Medicine) in 1948 and later a Fellow of the Royal
College
 The 1st female to be appointed as Medical university staff in 1949
 The 1st female awarded honorary doctorate from Edinburgh University in
1980
 The founding of the Dubai Medical College (DMCG) for Girls in 1986
 She was awarded the honorary title of Mother of Egyptian Doctors in 1990
 She is considered as one of founders of social medicine worldwide

28. Nazli M. Gad-el-Mawla

30. She was a pioneer Egyptian oncologist, who, as a member
of a small group of oncologists working at the National
Cancer Institute in Cairo in the 1960s and '70s helped to
build the institute into one of the premier cancer centers in
the Middle East. She founded the Department of Medical
Oncology in 1970 and, as part of it, developed a strong
pediatric oncology program
Nazli M. Gad-el-Mawla

31. Nancy Dickey

32. In 1998, Nancy Dickey was the 1st elected
woman as the president of the American
Medical Association (AMA)

33. Dr. Nada Haffadh, the 1st Arabic and Bahraini
minister of health, 2004

34. Massouma al-Mubarak, the 1st Kuwaiti minister of
health, 2007

35. Fatma Alhamroush, the 1st Libyan minister of health

36. Maha Al-Rabbat, the 1st Egyptian minister of
health, 2013

43. • In 1905, women were 4% of graduated
physicians, in USA
• In 1949, they were 12%
• In 1965, they were 7%

45. Saudi Arabia 2004

46. Saudi Arabia 2004

53. • In USA, in 2010, 30% of all physicians, 45% of
residents were women
• 60% of physician women are in 6 specialties:
Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Medicine,
Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry and Anesthesiology
• Between 1980 and 2010, female physicians
increased by 447%
• Since 1975 to 2010, female physicians increased 6
folds

54. Thank You