2. What is Biometrics ?
Biometrics is the science and technology of
measuring and analyzing biological data. In
information technology, biometrics refers to
technologies that measure and analyze human
body characteristics, such as DNA, fingerprints,
eye retinas and irises, voice patterns & facial
patterns for authentication purpose.
3. USE OF BIOMETRICS
Biometrics are used in two major ways : Identification and
Verification.
Identification is determining who a person is. It involves taking
the measured characteristic and trying to find a match in a
database containing records of people and that characteristic.
This method can require a large amount of processing power
and some time if the database is very large. It is often used in
determining the identity 1of a suspect from crime scene
information.
Verification is determining if a person is who they say they are.
It involves taking the measured characteristic and comparing it
to the previously recorded data for that person. This method
requires less processing power and time, and is often used for
accessing places or information.
5. Categories of Biometrics
Signature Verification :
Handwriting recognition system's
sensors can include a touch-
sensitive writing surface or a pen
that contains sensors that detect angle, pressure and
direction. The software translates the handwriting into a
graph and recognizes the small changes in a person's
handwriting from day to day and over time.
6. Fingerprint Analyzing
Among all the biometric techniques,
fingerprint-based identification is the
oldest method, which has been
successfully used in numerous
applications. Everyone is known to have
unique fingerprints.
7. Facial Recognition
Facial recognition software uses the
ability to recognize a face and then
pinpoint various features of the face.
Face recognition works by using
a computer to analyze an
individual’s facial structure. The points
measured
include distances between key
characteristics such
as eyes, nose and mouth, angles of key
features
such as the jaw and forehead, and
lengths of
various portions of the face.
8. Iris recognition
Iris recognition is a method of biometric
uses pattern recognition techniques
based on high-resolution images of the
irises of an individual's eyes. unique
structures converted into digital
templates, provide mathematical
representations of the iris that yield
unambiguous positive identification of an
individual.
9. Retinal Scan
Oldest biometrics as 1930's
research suggested Scanning
involves using a low-intensity light
source and an optical coupler and
can read the patterns at a great
level of accuracy. It does require
the user to remove glasses, place
their eye close to the device, and
focus on a certain point. that the
patterns of blood vessels on the
back of the human eye were unique
to each individual
10. Speaker Recognition
Voice authentication, also known
as “speaker verification”, is
defined as the automated
verification of a person’s claimed
identity, based on unique
characteristics of their voice. A
simple microphone is enough to
record the voice, and then most of
the algorithm are analyzing the
voice spectrum. Voice and
speech can be combined to get a
better system:
11. Advantages of biometrics:
1. Uniqueness
2. Universality
3. Permanence
4. Measurability
5. User friendliness
6. Accuracy
7. Comfort
12. Disadvantages of Biometrics
1. Costly.
2. Facial imaging can also hinder accurate
identifications.
3. Missing body part problem.
4. The scanning of eye is fearful.
13. Applications of Biometrics
Banking
Computer Access
National Identity
Electronic Data Transfer (EDT)
Physical Access
Telecommunications
Time & Attendance
14. CONCLUSION
Biometrics is widely being used because of its
user friendliness, flexibility in specifying required
security level and long term stability.
In today's highly connected business
environments, securing business-critical data is a
vital concern. One of the most problematic areas
of security is user authentication. Fortunately, the
increasing popularity of biometric devices is
making it easier to ensure that users logging into
the network are really who they say they are.
