This document discusses the history and properties of opioids such as opium, morphine, heroin, and prescription painkillers. It describes how opioids are derived from the opium poppy, their medical uses for pain relief and other conditions, and how tolerance and dependence develop with prolonged use. The document also examines patterns of abuse over time, varying purity levels of heroin, and health risks of opioid use including overdose and infectious diseases.
Image sources (injection): Royalty-Free/CORBIS (Image Ch13_21InjectArm) Image source (morphine bottle, patent medicine label): National Library of Medicine (Images Ch13_11MorphineBottle, Ch13_15SoothingSyrupMorphine)
Image source: US Drug Enforcement Administration (Image Ch13_01OpiumPoppy)
Image source (poppy field): Central Intelligence Agency (Ch13_02OpiumField) Image source (poppy pod): US Drug Enforcement Administration (Ch13_03DryOpiumPoppy)
Image source (scoring opium seedpod): Central Intelligence Agency (Image Ch13_04ScoringPod) Image source (seed pod): National Institutes of Health (Image Ch13_05OpiumPod) Image source (raw opium): Drug Enforcement Administration (Image Ch13_06RawOpium)
Image source: National Library of Medicine (Image Ch13_07OpiumPlantDrawing)
Image source: National Library of Medicine (Image Ch13_08DeQuinceyPage) Image source: National Library of Medicine (Image Ch13_09LaudanumBottle)
Image source: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (Image Ch13_10OpiumWar)
Image source: National Library of Medicine (Image Ch13_11MorphineBottle)
Image source (opium den): Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (Image Ch13_13OpiumDen) Image source (smoking): World Health Organization/National Library of Medicine (Image Ch13_14OpiumSmoking)
Image source: National Library of Medicine (Image Ch13_15SoothingSyrupMorphine)
Image source: Medio Images/PictureQuest (Image Ch13_16InjectArm2)
Image source: Central Intelligence Agency (Image Ch13_17BlackTarHeroin)
Image source: US Drug Enforcement Agency (Image Ch13_18Oxycontin)
Figure 13.1 from text
Image source: US Drug Enforcement Agency (Image Ch13_19HeroinPowder)
Image source: US Food and Drug Administration (Image Ch13_20Paregoric)
Image sources (injection): Royalty-Free/CORBIS (Image Ch13_21InjectArm) Image source (morphine bottle, patent medicine label): National Library of Medicine (Images Ch13_11MorphineBottle, Ch13_15SoothingSyrupMorphine)