1. Conifer ID

2. First Year Ponderosa Pine Seedling Germinated in Spring Growth at the end of summer – maybe 12” or so

3. One Year Old – The following spring Candles forming in May/June

4. One Year Old – Candles have expanded by July/August

5. Two Years Old – May/June Next set of candles are forming

6. Two Years Old – July/August Candles have expanded Oldest growth loses its needles

7. Three types of conifers based on foliage structure: Single needles – Spruce/Fir Bundle of needles - Pine Scaled foliage – Juniper/ Arborvitae Oregon State University

9. Spruce: Single Square Sharp Stiff Stalked Spiral

11. Colorado Spruce – cones usually at top of tree University of Wisconsin

12. Oregon State University Colorado Spruce cone

15. Colorado Spruce Engelmann Spruce Iowa State University

16. Dwarf Alberta Spruce (in Oregon!) Oregon State University Not a native – is cultivated. Dense growth conical very slow grower 1” – 2” per year As a rule, if a plant has slow growth, it’ll have dense foliage. Fast growth – loose, open form.

21. Fir: Flat Friendly –soft as “Fir” Flexible “ Fir” the sky – cones/needles point up

23. Douglasfir female cones and pointed buds Oregon State University

24. Blue Spruce University of Connecticut Douglasfir University of Connecticut White Fir University of Wisconsin

26. Abies concolor

27. Foliage flat Leaf scar is round White Fir Abies concolor University of Wisconsin Pull a needle off – flat – not square in cross section Another needle – try to bend – doesn’t snap as easily – flexible Grasp the branch in your hands – not as sharp – soft as “fir” – “friendly” Needle not stalked – no peg – the needle leaves a round, flat leaf scar. Needles are usually longer than spruce – 1” – 3” White Fir needles usually are retained on the tree for 7-10 years.

28. Abies leaf scars

30. Needles point up – they usually don’t spiral around the whole branch. They reach ‘fir’ the sky.

31. Needles are the same color (concolor) top and bottom

38. Abies lasiocarpa

39. Abies lasiocarpa

40. Abies lasiocarpa

41. Abies lasiocarpa Bark When young, grayish green and covered with resin blisters; later turning gray to white, unbroken except near base of large trees. Resin pockets scattered throughout inner bark.

43. Abies lasiocarpa

46. Picea pegs and leaf scars

47. Picea abies Norway Spruce

58. Picea engelmanii

61. Picea engelmanii

62. Picea engelmanii

64. Picea pungens Blue Spruce

65. Picea pungens

68. Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid

71. Picea comparison Hairless/ tan Hairs; brown Hairless, shiny orangish brown Twig Reflexed wavy Thin, irregular teeth Cone scales Scatter throughout tree Lower crown Yellow brown, large groups Male flowers 2-4” 1.5-3” 4-6” Cone .75-1.25” 1” .5-1” length Silver blue/ dark green very sharp Bluish green Deep green color pungens engelmanii abies

74. Queen Fir – one of the largest know Douglas Fir are second largest pine tree http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/pi/ps/menziesii.htm

80. Immature seed cone and active pollen cones on a shoot of var. menziesii

81. Id from Photographs

82. Entire Tree

86. Leaf

92. Fruit

93. species

94. species