1. Aim High Turkey, August 2010

2. How it works in the classroom 'Scaffolding in Language Learning’

3. In this session you will discover: PPP and how it works Scaffolding and how it helps a learner How ‘Aim High” incorporates both to achieve learning success.

4. What do we mean by ‘parts of the language’?

6. P

7. Present ractice roduce

8. What’s the point of P.P.P? ‘... different parts of the language are taught separately and step-by-step so that acquisition is a process of all the parts until the whole of the language has been built up’ (Wilkins, 1976)

9. What’s the point? ‘End in mind’ – What are the goals in teaching or learning a language? Introduce / revise target language Use language in a meaningful way Communicate in a meaningful way How can this be achieved through the PPP structure? Present Practice Produce

10. Role of teacher / student in learning process

11. Role of teacher / student in learning process This is the most teacher-orientated stage of the process as it is the introduction to a lesson Present Practice Produce Student independence increases The teacher still directs but the classroom is beginning to become more learner-centered. The learners have started to become independent users of the language. The teacher’s role here is to facilitate.

13. Setting the context

14. Exploring new words, grammatical structures and sounds

15. Exploring rules

16. Building on existing knowledge

20. Present

22. Exploring new words, grammatical structures and sounds

23. Building on existing knowledge

25. Stage 2 - P ractice What’s this? What’s it got to do with learning English?

26. ‘One ... provides a scaffold ... and then removes the scaffold part by part as the … structure can stand on its own’ (Donato, 1994)

27. Present How much do you think the student depends on the teacher in this stage?

28. Practice Have the roles of the teacher and student changed?

30. Practice Controlled practice Suits weaker students/mixed ability classes Teacher can cross-check comprehension Examples – gapfills, mcqs, true/false questions Free practice Suits stronger students Prepares students for autonomous production Examples – pair work/ group work, students’ own answers

33. Practice

37. Takes a step back

38. Can focus attention on weaker students

39. Students

40. Can use this acquired knowledge to communicate (with teacher, peers and others)

44. Produce

46. Produce 2 significant changes in how the learner is now using language Focus has shifted from form to meaning (learners are effectively communicating) Productive skills (writing and speaking) play a bigger role

47. Present Lead In (introduce the topic) Language in context (Reading or listening) Language Focus Practice Controlled practice (scaffolding) and some freer practice Produce Free practice, such as doing a role-play

48. Advantages of PPP structure Makes life easier for the teacher language presented in context Integrates all the skills into lesson Flexible presentation stages Traditionally students like Controlled Practice Scaffolding build confidence Various learning style catered for In 2 and 3 phases teacher has space to deal with mixed ability learners Helps leads learners towards autonomy