INTRODUCTION RESEARCH METHOD

1. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The concept of management has been introduced in from the works of business and
trade and now educational management has followed commercial management. In
England in 1988, Education Reforms Act introduced management styles and patterns
with an attempt to make school more like commercial business.
This trend has earlier roots. In 1983, the department of education and science in
England issued circular recommending management training for the heads of
educational institutions on the pattern adopted from commerce and industry. A school
of thought is of the view that management of school should be run on the same style
and pattern as that of banks, hotels and other commercial organizations.
College and management leadership have continued to be scrutinized by the legislature
and public. With the passage of such laws as No Child Left Behind in 2001, the
accountability standard of college has risen to all-time levels. This research is conducted
to discover the effects management have on student achievement.
This research will look at a variety of organic leadership styles, seek to identify the
direct/indirect influences of management styles on learning, look at leadership and
lecturer efficacy traits that impact learning and consider school leadership traits that
lead to student achievement.
In summary, the research has demonstrated that management styles has both direct
and indirect implications leading to student achievement. Albeit most leadership
influences are indirect, these indirect influences lead to increased collective efficacy and
improved school culture. In conclusion, future implications suggest greater collective
research should be performed targeting the traits successful management leaders have
demonstrated leading to student achievement.

2. 1.1 Research Problem
Management and leadership styles have significant effects not only in small
businesses but also in the world's largest corporations. These styles affect everyone
from senior management to the newest college intern. They create the corporate
culture that influences the organization and its performance.
This research is conducted as to identify the effect of how one management can
affect students who are currently or use to study at Eastern College. The
recommendation of this research would be for college leaders to recognize that
leadership, in one form or another, impacts college culture and student
achievement. Although much of the research indicated that the management
leaders indirectly impact student achievement, it is important that principals and
other administrative personnel identify and develop a commitment leadership style
or model that fits the college’s needs and culture, and would lead to enhanced
school performance.
1.2 Research Question
A Research Question is a statement that identifies the phenomenon to be studied. It
guides and centers your research, it should be clear and focused as well as
synthesize multiple sources to present your unique argument. In this case study ,
there are five questions:
I. Who are involves in managing the management?
II. Why do they play an important roles in managing management?
III. Is there a relationship between management and the students?
IV. How does the management styles affect the students?
V. Is the people managing the managements in a good way?

3. 1.3 Research Objectives
A research objective is a clear, concise, declarative statement, which provides
direction to investigate the variables. Generally research objective focus on the ways
to measure the variables, such as to identify or describe them. Sometime objectives
are directed towards identifying the relationship or difference between two
variables.
I. To identify who are involves in managing the management.
II. To identify why do they play an important roles in the management.
III. To identify the relationship of the management and students.
IV. To identify the effects of management styles on students.
V. To identify whether the people responsible are managing the management in
the right way.
1.4 The Scope of the Study
This scope of study will focus specially on students that are currently studying at
Eastern College. The respondent will be given a survey questionnaire that will help
to justify the research conducted.
1.5 Significance of the Study
I. Researcher
– This study is important in order to seek, analysis deeper on this
research that will also help the future researcher to acquire information
and details as in does the management effects the students.

4. II. Students / Respondent
– It is important to figure out what or how does the management styles
actually effects the students in order to solve the problems faced all
this time.
III. Public
– Leadership and management styles have strong effects on corporate
culture because employees tend to act in ways that mirror their
leaders. Staff also subconsciously wants to please supervisors and
management. Over time, leaders and employees usually become
"comfortable" with each other, which can cause some "culture friction"
when new leaders take over. Every business, regardless of size, has a
culture. It can help or hurt operations, often dependent on the strength
and efficiency of leadership.
1.6 Definitions of Terms
I. Organic Leadership:
Organic Leadership by Miller and Rowan (2006, p. 219) is defined “A shift
away from conventional, hierarchical patters of bureaucratic control toward
what has been referred to as a network pattern of control, that is, a pattern
of control in which line employees are actively involved in organizational
decision making, staff cooperation and collegiality supplant the hierarchy as
a means of coordinating work flows and resolving technical uncertainties,
and supportive forms of administrative leadership emerge to facilitate line
employees’ work.”

5. II. Research:
1570s, "act of searching closely," from Middle French recerche (1530s,
Modern French recherche), back-formation from Old French recercher (see
research (v.)). Meaning "scientific inquiry" is first attested 1630s. Phrase
research and development is recorded from 1923.
III. Management :
The English verb "manage" comes from the Italian maneggiare (to handle,
especially tools or a horse), which derives from the two Latin words manus
(hand) and agere (to act). Peter Drucker (1909–2005) saw the basic task of
management as twofold: marketing and innovation. Nevertheless, innovation
is also linked to marketing (product innovation is a central strategic
marketing issue). Peter Drucker identifies marketing as a key essence for
business success, but management and marketing are generally understood
as two different branches of business administration knowledge.
IV. Phenomenon :
In popular usage, a phenomenon often refers to an extraordinary event. The
term is most commonly used to refer to occurrences that at first defy
explanation or baffle the observer. According to the Dictionary of Visual
Discourse ( Kelvin ) (1980) , "In ordinary language 'phenomenon/phenomena'
refer to any occurrence worthy of note and investigation, typically an
untoward or unusual event, person or fact that is of special significance or
otherwise notable.
V. Commitment :
Morrow (1993) describes commitment as characterized
by attitude and behavior. Miller (2003: 72) describes an attitude as
“evaluative statements or judgements – either favorable or unfavorable –

6. concerning a phenomenon”. Organizational commitment as an attitude
reflects feelings such as attachment, identification and loyalty to the
organization as an object of commitment (Morrow 1993). Meyer, Allen and
Gellatly (1990: 711) also suggest that organizational commitment as an
attitude is “characterized by favorable positive cognitive and affective
components about the organization”.
1.7 Summary
This chapter presents the background of the research under study. The aim of this
study is to discover the effect of management styles on students.