Good governance is a concept, policy, and practice aimed at making government activities more efficient to provide value for taxpayers' money while also addressing citizens' needs. It emerged in response to the shortcomings of traditional public management and emphasizes principles like transparency, accountability, and citizen participation. While early reforms focused on market-driven changes, the concept has evolved to recognize both economic growth and social welfare. Modern good governance combines short and long-term policymaking and adapts to changing needs and expectations.

1. GOOD
GOVERNANCE
CONCEPT, POLICY, PRACTICE
OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
A member of Bangladesh Civil
Service Administration Cadre
MD. SHAMSUL ARFIN,
Joint Secretary to the Government of
Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 1

2. MAIN ASPECTS
 Good governance as a concept
 Principles
 Main policy aspects
 Practical implementation
 Good governance - imperative for
sustainable growth and welfare for the
people.
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3. The collapse of traditional
Public Management
 Traditional public management: shortcomings in changing
attitudes
 Monopoly power; rent seeking behaviour; inefficient
public sector programmes
 Social problems were not addressed satisfactorily
 The mission was not satisfactory service
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4. Contd
A) New economic and political consencus: 1st -
growth and personal welfare, 2nd –social welfare
through government redistribution and social
programmes.
B) Efficient private and inefficient public sector
leads to great pressure for changes
The emergence of New Public Management
concept-mixture of market approach practices
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5. The GG as concept and policy
 Main goals of the GG –increase efficiency in all government activities
(value for taxpayers money)
 GG model: squeezing the size of government, privatazing government
enterprizes; transfering the supply of public goods to private
companies; introducing competition where it is possible;learning from
the management of mature large companies strategic
management,changeHRM, performance appraisal)
 GG became dominant in government management
 Positive outputs: government institutions really became more
efficient !The companies got more space for market adjustment
(deregulation).
 Incresing of public services have been delivered by private
companies;Citizens matter more!Government management became
more professional
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6. The GG as concept and policy
Negative outputs: public institutions became more
commercilized ! Many people suffered from cutting social
programes;The SDS kept their rents; PPP create some
corruption practices ;NGO-s were not real partners;
General impression- market driven changes contributed
for more efficiency, but created dissatisfaction for many
social groups.
The gap between governments and citizens did not bridge !
People were not satisfied from management of their
government agencies.
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7. The change of concept :
Re-inventing government
 In searching the more adequate profile: governments
reject the bureuacracy,but also the market ,as a main
driving force for public sector management
 D.Osburn, T.Gaebler: Re-inventing government(1992) –
the book which challenged and changed the understanding
of modern government
 Re-thinking the old questions: what government should do,
how and for whom ?
 Good government requires good governance. It is a
managerial approach, aimed to reach efficiency,
sustainable growth and better satisfaction of citizens needs
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8. Condt
Good governance combines short and medium term
policy
A) More cares and investments for solving the current
needs of societies (job, education, health)
B) coping with common society challenges (lack of
resources, ageing population, pollution, climate changes,
quality of life, intensive migration and so on)
Good governance adjust the changing need: technological
advance, openess of markets, global competition, higher
citizens expectations for better life
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9. Re-inventing government:
new roles
 Catalytic government: steeringv(policy and regulation)
rather than rowing (service delivery) ;
 Community-owned government: empowering for serving ;
 Competitive government: injecting competition into
service delivery ;
 Mission-driven government: transformimg from rule-
driven attitude ;
 result-oriented government: meeting the needs of the
people, not the intermediary group
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10. Decentralized government: from hierarchy
to participation and teamwork ;
Market-oriented governance - combination
of all new roles
Government vs market: government as a
driving force for changes, including new
opportunities for people participation in
social life and competitive atmosphere
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11. From concept to policy:
Principles of good governance
 Rule of law
 Openess and transperancy
 Efficiency: results should reflect mission and goals
 Efectiveness: inputs/outputs
 Citizens as a clients of government
 Accountability (how we used taxpayers money)
 Predictability and reliability
 Partnership with concerned parties
 Coherency in all government actions
 Principles are drawn from good practices (evidence
based )
 Principles are guiding rules
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12. Good governance :
main policy aspects
 Strategic Management: mission, vision, strategy, action
plans,innovations and changes
 Government organizational structure (clear roles of all institutions)
 Bulding up capacity to manage according to the principles policy
 Improvement of regulatory policies for pro people
 Better administrative services for citizens
 Public-Private Partnership
 Human resource management
 E-government
 Innovations,identification and dissemination of good practices
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13. From concept to practice
 How principles of good governance can become practice in
short and medium term government actions:
A) set up legal rules nd compulsory enforcement for all
government actions
B) launch innovations ,decribe good practices and
disseminate among others (decentralized approach)
 International dimensions: learn best practices from
advanced countries
 Key factors for success:
A) Require strong political will
B) Professional,not manipulated, administration
C) Feedback from people
E) Active role of stakeholders : pressure of civil society
members
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14. Good governance-tool for growth & welfare
 Good governance- now it is a dominant policy and practice
in developed democratic countries
 Good governance role : though education, better
regulation policy, to contribute for sustainable economic
growth and social welfare of citizens
 Good governance : it is not fashion, it is an efective tool to
manage services and to serve citizens in best way
 Good governance in a global context: it is a concept, policy
and practice
 The role of government-to create harmomious society
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15. Good governance as a
whole
Dealing with strengthening trust, accountability,
transparency and participatory process in
government so that it can serve citizens more
effectively, efficiently and responsively.
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16. Evolutions and Changes
 The old public management –bureacratic
style, ineffective management
↓
 The new public management:
market-driven approach, effective management, but
social disappointments
↓
 Good governance:
Aimed to reach sustainable growth and public sector
efficiency , as well as citizens satisfaction and social
welfare
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17. Conclusion
 The new, rational social ideas and concepts have led to innovative
changes in government policies ;
 Global impact: when new practices testified its efficiency, they became
guidelines for changes in other countries ;
 The Good Governance as a policy options is based on the concept for
re-inventing government,real policy changes and number of good
practices in most developed countries
 From the begining of 21 century we have intensive dissemination of
good governance principles and practices all over the world
 Today, there is almost full concensus among social stakeholders:
modern public management requires implementation of good
governance principles
 Good governance is a policy approach aimed to increase public sector
efficiency and citizens satisfaction from having responsible and
commited government.
 Good governance in global context: require learning and sharing
knowledge and practices among scientists, policymakers, NGO-s from
many other countries.
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18. Thank you for your attention
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