gives info about types of IPR forms and plant protection

1. Presented By
10AB1R0042,
Shajeeya Amren. Sk
Guided By
A. Viswanath,
R. Karthikeyan,
Vignan Pharmacy College
1/16/2014
Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
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Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
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3. Protection
• The term protection is to be understood in the
sense of intellectual property (IP) protection.
• MAPs can be protected by way of patents or plant
breeder’s right.
• The term protection does not refer to the concept
of protection in environmental law, or to the
concept of preservation or conservation.
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4. Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind:
inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols,
names, images, and designs used in commerce.
……..WIPO
• UN organization dedicated to promoting the use and
protection of works of the human spirit.
• Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 185 nations as member states.
• Manages all IPs.
• Training through Academy and Seminars
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5. • Reward original efforts
• Stimulate innovation and creativity
• Prevent duplication of work
• Commercial value in research
• Prevent exploitation of workers
• Technical information for research & to prevent
litigation
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6. Patents
Trade
secrets
Plant
Breeder
Rights
CopyRights
Trademark
IPR
Int.
circuits
Ind.
Design
Geographical
Indication
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7. • Property  Right
INTELLECT – PROPERTY – RIGHT
Idea  Expression  COPYRIGHT
Idea  Innovation  Invention 
PATENT
Idea  Quality + Identity  TRADEMARK
Idea  Appearance  DESIGN
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Idea  Keep Confidential No Disclosure
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8.  Trade marks –The Trademarks Act 1999
 Copy Right Works- The Copyright Act 1957
 Designs- lines colours shapes etc. –The Designs Act 2000
 Inventions- Products or Process-The Patents Act 1970
 Plant variety protection – Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act,
2001
 Integrated circuits- The Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layoutdesign Act, 2000
 Geographical Indications - Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 came in force with effect
Vignaan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi.
from September 2003.
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9. Act
Ministry/Department
The Copyright Act, 1957
Higher Education
The Patents Act, 1970
Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Designs Act, 2000
Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Trade Marks Act, 1999
Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act, 1999
Industrial Policy &
Promotion
The Semiconductor Integrated Circuits LayoutDesign Act, 2000
Information Technology
The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’
Rights Act, 2001
Agriculture and Cooperation
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10. Plant Intellectual
Protection
Plant
Patent
Trade
Secret
Genetic
Mechanism
Utility
Patent
Hybrid
Plant
Patent
Contracts
GURT’s
Plant Breeder
Rights
Material Transfer
Agreements
Bag
Labels
Technology Use
Agreements
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11. New
Distinct
Mentha piperita light
Uniform
Stable
Mentha piperita dark
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12. The patent application must show:
1) novelty
2) non-obviousness, or an inventive step
3) usefulness (US) or industrial applicability (Europe, Australia)
4) enablement
5) claim clarity
6) written description
7) best mode (United States only)
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13. A utility patent grants the owner the right
to exclude others from:
1) making,
2) using,
3) selling or offering for sale or
4) Importing the protected invention for a 20 year
period* from the earliest file date.
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14. • available in very few countries. The Plant Patent Act was enacted by
US congress in 1930.
• It was introduced primarily to benefit the horticulture industry by
encouraging plant breeding and increasing plant genetic diversity.
•
Limited types of plants are eligible for protection
The Plant Patent Act 1930 (35 U.S.C. 161) provides for:
patent protection of all asexually reproduced plants
EXCEPT:
1) tuber-propagated plants and
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Vignaan Pharmacy
2) plants found in an uncultivated College, Vadlamudi.
state.
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15.  Requirement for plant protection under TRIPs
 International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)
 Plant protection mechanisms provided by sample countries
•
Protection confers the right to exclude others from:
1) producing or reproducing,
2) propagating,
3) offering for sale,
4) selling or other marketing,
5) exporting, importing or
6) stocking for any of the above purposes the protected variety.
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16. A trade secret is confidential information any formula, pattern, device, or
compilation of information that is used in a business and gives that business
an opportunity to obtain advantages over competitors.
•
Secrecy: in the form of a confidentiality agreement or covenant. External
forms of protection such as security systems etc also impart the necessary
requirement of secrecy.
•
Novelty: The subject of the secrecy must have been novel.
•
Value: The subject of the trade secret must be of some value or give some
advantage over competitors.
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17. • In some cases, specialized plant breeding can present an
alternative to intellectual property protection.
• Seeds resulting from hybrids show an extremely poor ability to
reliably reproduce the trait of interest in their progeny or next
generation.
• Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs) is technology
that allows the control of gene expression of an organism,
further allowing constraints or restrictions on the use of the
organism or trait.
• There are two main types of GURTs: variety-level GURT (vGURT) and trait- level GURT (t-GURT).
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18. Material Transfer Agreements
•
Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) are legal agreements made between a
provider and a recipient party when research material is being transferred between
institutions.
Bag Labels
•
Bag label contracts are another form of legal protection which can be applied to
plants, especially seeds
Technology Use Agreements
•
A technology use agreement is an agreement most commonly between technology
suppliers and farmers which usually controls the right to plant a given seed on a
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specific area of land often for a certain period Vadlamudi.
of time.
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19. Plant Patents
• Whoever invents or discovers and asexually reproduces
any distinct and new variety of plant, including
cultivated spores, mutants, hybrids, and newly found
seedlings, other than a tuber propagated plant or a plant
found in an uncultivated state. . . (35 U.S.C. § 161)
– No bacteria or similar single-cell organisms need apply!
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20. • Register able varieties and criteria:
 New Varieties
 Novelty, Distinctiveness, uniformity and stability
 Extant varieties
 Distinctiveness, uniformity and stability
• Persons who can Register
 Breeders, farmers, universities, agricultural institutes
• Period of protection
 15 years for annual crops
 18 years for trees and vines
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21. •
This Law Established Patent Rights For Developers Of New Varieties Of
Many Asexually Propagated Plants.
•
Conventional Intellectual Property Law Does Not Adequately Cover Or
Protect Traditional Knowledge And Innovations Of Indigenous And Local
Peoples.
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22. •
Mohan devan, IPR protection an overall view, journal of intellectual property rights
•
Alimpan chatterjee, traditional knowledge herbal medicine and intellectual
property: a debate over rights
•
Geertrui van overall intellectual property protection for medicinal and aromatic
plants centre for intellectual property rights, catholic university Leuven, e-mail:
geertrui.Vanoverwalle@law.Kuleuven.Ac.Be
•
Bimal b.Bhaskar corporate & IPRpresentation on the protection of plant varieties
•
Edmund jason g. Baranda plant variety protection
•
Okan arihan, a. Mine gençler özkan2traditional medicine and intellectual property
rights hacettepe university, faculty of medicine, department of pharmacology.
•
Internet source: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/plant/
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23. I be grateful of my guides
A. Viswanath, R. Karthikeyan
for their immense support and encouragement
I also convey my in depth gratitude
to our beloved principle
Dr P. Srinivasa Babu

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