The document summarizes the female reproductive system. It describes the main components including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, vagina, and breasts. It provides details on the structure and functions of each component, such as how the ovaries produce eggs and hormones, how the uterus thickens in preparation for pregnancy, and the three phases of the menstrual cycle.

1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

6. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells

11. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells Primary follicle Unilaminar Multilaminar (preantral) Single layer Stratified of follicular cuboidal epithelium Zona pellucida ( a thick amorphous layer of glycoprotein covering the oocyte)

12. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells

16. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells Secondary follicle 5. A group of cells concentrate around the oocyte and form the corona radiata

17. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells Secondary follicle Fibroblasts of the stroma differentiate to form theca folliculi (TF) Theca Theca Interna Externa Androste- Fibroblasts nedione Aromatase (GC) Estrogen

20. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells LH surge Blood flow through ovary Plasma protein leakage Edema Local release of prostaglandins , histamine , vasopressin and collagenase Pressure Collagen degradation of of follicular tunica albuginea fluid Ischemia & death of cells Rupture of outer follicular wall and ovulation

25. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells Pituitary hormones control most ovarian functions

27. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Oogenesis Ovarian follicles Ovulation Corpus luteum & interstitial cells Follicular atresia

30. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Parts Structure Function

33. BREAK

44. Structure Myometrium Endometrium Cycle Proliferative phase Secretory phase Menstrual phase Cervix Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast In absence of pregnancy, CL ceases to function 10-12 days after ovulation Levels of progesterone and estrogen in blood falls rapidly Several cycles of contraction of spiral arteries , closing off blood flow Ischemic necrosis of vessel walls and functionalis layer of endometrium Rupture of blood vessels and bleeding Endometrium reduced to a thin layer

51. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Development Pregnancy & Lactation Post-lactational regression Before puberty : lactiferous sinus and lactiferous ducts In girls during puberty – breasts enlarge – accumulation of adipose tissue and connective tissue , increased growth and branching of lactiferous ducts (estrogenic)

52. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Development Pregnancy & Lactation Post-lactational regression Adult women – lobes develop at the tips of the smallest ducts embedded in loose connective tissue A lobe consists of several ducts that empty into one terminal duct

53. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Development Pregnancy & Lactation Post-lactational regression Near the opening of nipple, the lactiferous ducts dilate to form lactiferous sinuses lined by stratified squamous epithelium at their external openings that changes to stratified columnar or cuboidal proximally . Lining of lactiferous ducts and terminal ducts is formed of simple cuboidal epithelium with closely packed myoepithelial cells .

54. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Development Pregnancy & Lactation Post-lactational regression Connective tissue surrounding alveoli contains many lymphocytes and plasma cells (increase at end of pregnancy – secrete IgA ) Nipple – externally covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Abundant sensory nerve endings Areola – skin around the nipple – darkens during pregnancy

57. Overview Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina Breast Structure Development Pregnancy & Lactation Post-lactational regression Weaning (cessation of breast-feeding) Alveoli undergo degeneration through apoptosis Sloughing of whole cells Autophagy of cellular components Dead cells and debris removed by macrophages

58. BEST OF LUCK