Islam For the beginners

Ckvemw-
XpS-°-°m¿°v-
ÚÄ°TÉqæ∏d ΩÓ°SE’G

iao¿ aZon-
Ckvemw-
XpS-°-°m¿°v-
NICHE PUBLICATIONS
P.B No: 832, Poothole, Thrissur - 4.
ÚÄ°TÉqæ∏d ΩÓ°SE’G

Cu- tem-IØn-sm-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-≠v ˛ Po-h≥- ¬-In-
hmbp-hpw- sh≈hpw- ku-Icy-s∏Sp-Øn- `q-an-sb Po-hnX-tbmKy-
am-°n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-Im-b {kjv-Sm-hv- ˛ mw- Chn--sS Fßs
Po-hn-°Wsa∂pw- Cu- Po-hn-XØn-s‚ ]cae-£yw- Fs¥∂pw-
Zq-X∑m¿- ap-tJ {kjv-Sm-hv- sΩ ]Tn∏n--®p.- Ωp-sS Po-hn-
XØn-s‚ IW°v- acW-tijw- mw- {kjv-Sm-hn-s‚ ap-ºn¬- t_m-
[n-∏n-t°≠n-hcpw.- A∂v- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xhv- kz¿Khpw- ]m-]w-
sNbv-Xhv- c-Ihpw- {]Xn-^ew- In-´pw.- AXn-m¬- {kjv-Sm-hv-
Xs‚ Zq-Xcn-eq-sS ¬-In-b n¿-tZiapkcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-Ibm-
Wv- ap-jy-s‚ c£m-am¿-Kw.-
Ωp-sS tem-I {kjv-Sm-hv- ¬-In-b n¿-tZi kw-ln-XbmWv-
Izp¿-B≥.- ap-lΩZv- _n bn-eq-sS Ah≥- B ktμiw- ap-
jy¿-s°Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- CXdn-™-hcpw- Adn-bm-Øhcpw- ap-
°n-Sbn¬- D≠v.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h≥- {kjv-Sm-hn-s‚ ktμiadn-
bn-°¬- AXdn-™hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXnm-bn- cq-]o-Ir-
Xam-b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-am-Wv- n-®v- Hm-^v- {SqØv.
hnizmkw Ckvemans‚ ASnØ-d-bm-Wv. AXns‚ A`m-
h-Øn-ep≈ I¿a-ßƒ A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ kzoIcn°s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.
CkvemanI hnizmk,- BZ¿i-ßƒ a- n-em-t°-≠Xv AXns‚
auenI {]am-W-ß-fmb ]cn-ip≤ Izp¿-B-n¬ n∂pw {]hm-NIm-
[ym-]--ß-fn¬ n∂p-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. {]am-W-_-≤-a-√mØ hnizm-
k-ßsf A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fmbn Xncn-®-dn™v Isøm-gn-°mpw
AXv klm-bn-°pw.
Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n°p-∂- Bdv ASn-ÿm hnizm-k-ßsf
{]mY-an-I-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv Cu eLp-Ir-Xn.- Cu-
ZuXyw n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv iao¿ aZonbmWv. hmbn-°p-Ibpw
hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv amy hmb--°m-cm-Wv. sX‰p-Iƒ
k-Z-bw- Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I.
A√m-lpth,- ns‚ kXyaX ktμi {]N-c-W-Ønp
th≠n-bp≈ Cu Ffnb {iaw Rß-fn¬ n∂v kzoI-cn-t°-W-
ta, Zp¿_-e-amb RßfpsS Ic-ßƒ°v o i‡n ]I-tc-W-ta....
(Bao≥).
amt-P¿

]c-aImcpWn-I-mb A√m-lp-hns‚
ma-Øn¬.....
CkvemanI A[ym-]--ß-fn¬ Gsd {]m[m-y-a¿ln-
°p-∂-h-bmWv hnizmk Imcy-ßƒ. Hmtcm apkvenapw n¿_-
‘-ambpw Adn-bp-Ibpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠p∂ Bdv
hnizmk Imcy-ß-fp-≠v. Cuam≥ Imcy-ß-sf∂ t]cn¬ Adn-
b-s∏-Sp∂ Ch bYm-{Iaw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, ae-°p-
I-fn-ep-≈ hnizmkw, thZ {KŸ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, {]hm-N-
I-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, A¥y-Zn--Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, hn[n
hnizmkw F∂n-ß-s-bm-Wv.
D]cn kqNnX hnizmkImcy-ßsf Ipdn-®p≈ Hcp
{]mYanI hni-I-e--amWv Cu IrXn-bn-ep-≈-Xv. Cu IrXn ]pd-
Øn-d-°p-∂Xn¬ kl-I-cn® nc-h[n klr-Z-b-cp-≠v. Ah-tcm-
Sp≈ IS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Adn-bn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w k¿Δ i‡-mb
A√mlp Ah¿°v X°-Xmb {]Xn-^ew ¬In Ap-{K-ln-
°p-am-dm-Is´, F∂v {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
k¿Δ i‡-mb A√mlphpw Ahs‚ {]hm-N-I≥
apl-ΩZv _n bpw ]Tn-∏n® Ip‰-a‰ hnizm-kmZ-¿i-ßƒ ]Tn-
®-dn™v kzoI-cn-°p-hmpw a‰p-≈h--cn--te°v ]I¿∂p sImSp-
°mpw d∫v sΩ Ap-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´,
]q¿ÆX Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. A_-≤-ßƒ {i≤-bn¬
s]Sp-∂-h¿ kvtl _p≤ym DW¿Ø-W-sa∂v hno-X-ambn
A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p.
mYm, ns‚ kXy Zons‚ am¿§-Øn-ep≈ Hcp
Ffnb tkh--ambn o Rß-fn¬ n∂pw CXp kzoI-cn-t°-
W-ta, CXp hmb-°p-∂-h¿°pw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿°pw ∑-
bpsS Ihm-S-ßƒ o Xpd∂p sImSp-t°-W-ta....
{]m¿∞--tbm-sS,
nß-fpsS kvtln-X≥
iao¿ aZon,
eIv®-d¿,
PmanAx A¬ lnμv A¬ Ckvemanb

X-m-fp-I-fn¬-
hnizmkw: AnhmcyXbpw B[nImcnIXbpw 13
A√mlphnep≈ hnizmkw 24
ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw 31
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw 40
ssZhZqX∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw 50
A¥y-Zn--Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw 64
hn[nhnizmkw 77

hnizmkw:
AnhmcyXbpw B[nImcnIXbpw
Ckvemans‚ A[ym]ßfn¬ hnizmk-Imcyß-
ƒ-°p-≈ kYmw nkvXpeamWv. hnizmkØns‚
A`mhØnep≈ I¿a-ßƒ F¥pXs∂bmbncp∂mepw
Ah njvêhpw {k„mhmb A√mlphn¶¬
kzoIcn°s∏-SmØhbp-ambn-cn°p-sa-∂m-Wv Ckvemw
]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. a n¬ cqVaqeamb hnizmkhpw
mhpsIm≠p≈ {]Jym]hpw Ahbhß-ƒ-sIm-≠p-≈
{]h¿Øhpw tN¿∂XmWv Ckvemans‚ BZ¿iw. AXn-
m¬ CkvemanI]mTßfn¬ BZyambn ]Tnt°≠Xv
AXn-s‚ ASnØdbmb hnizmk Imcyßsf
Ipdn®mbncn°Ww. Imc-Ww AXnt∑emWv Ckvemans‚
a‰v BZ¿ißsf√mw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øs∏ńcn°p∂Xv. kXy-
hnizm-k-apƒ-s°m-≠n-ń√m-Ø Ahn-izmknIfpsS
I¿aßsf Ipdn®v A√mlp ]dbp∂Xv Im-WpI:
""Ahnizkn®hcmIs´ AhcpsS I¿aßƒ acp-`qan-bn-
se acoNnI t]msebmIp∂p. Zmln®h≥ AXv sh≈-am-
1
A[ymbw

15Ckvemw- XpS-°-°m¿°v
sW--∂v hnNmcn°p∂p. Aßs Ah≥ AXn∂SptØ°v sN∂m-
¬ Aßs H∂v D≈Xmbn Xs∂ Ah≥ Is≠-Øp-I-bn-√.
F-∂m-¬ Xs‚ ASpØv A√mlpsh Ah≥ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xm-
Wv. At∏mƒ (A√mlp) Ah∂v Ahs‚ I-W-°v Xo¿Øp sImSp-
°p-∂XmWv. A√mlp AXnthKw IW°v tm°p-∂h-s{X.''
(24:39)
""Ah¿ {]h¿Øn® I¿aßfpsS tsc mw XncnbpIbpw,
m-a-Xns NnXdnb [qfnt]mse B°nØo¿°pIbpw sNøpw.''
(25:23)
""XßfpsS c£nXmhns ntj[n®hsc, AhcpsS I¿-a-
ß-sf D]an-°mhp∂Xv sImSp¶m‰p≈ Hcp Znhkw IØ Im‰-
Sn-®p ]mdnt∏mb shÆodn-tmSmIp∂p. Ah¿ {]h¿-Øn-®p-≠m-
°n-bXn¬ n∂v bmsXm∂pw Ap`hn°m≥ Ah¿°v km[n-
°p-∂X√. AXv Xs∂bmWv hnZqcamb am¿K{`wiw.'' (14:18)
kXyhnizmkw kzoIcn°mØhcpsS I¿aßfpsS
^eiqyX hyXykvX-ßfmb D]aIfneqsS hnhcn°pIbmWv
A√mlp. aplΩZv _n bpsS {]hmNIXzntbmKØnp
ap≥]v ]mhßsf klmbn®v AYnXnIsf kevIcn®v Pohn-®n-
cp-∂ Hcmfmbncp∂p C_vp PpZvB≥ F∂bmƒ. A√mlphntem
acWm-¥c PohnXØntem H∂pw hnizmkan√msX Abmƒ
n¿hln® CØcw I¿aßƒ ]mc{XnIPohnXØn¬ Abmƒ-
°p-]Icn°ptam F∂v alXn BCi , _n tbmSv tNmZn®-
t∏mƒ AXv Abmƒ°p-]Icn-°p-I-bns√∂v {]hmNI≥ ]d-
™ kw`hw lZoYv{KŸßfn¬ ImWmw. (apkvenw)
mw Hcmsf ΩpsS tXm´Øn¬ ]WnsbSp-°phm≥ G¬]n-
®p-sh∂p IcpXpI. ΩpsS n¿tZiß-ƒ°v bmsXmcp hnebpw
I¬]n°msX Abmƒ B tXm´Øn¬ X∂n„{]Imcw ]eXpw
sh®p]nSn∏n°p∂p; a‰v]eXpw ]ngpXpam‰p∂p. F√mw Ign™v
Abmƒ ΩpsS ASpØv A[zmØns‚ thX-amhiy-s∏´v
h∂m¬ ΩpsS {]XnIcWsa¥mbncn°pw? tPmen-tb¬-∏n-
®bmsf AwKoIcn°pItbm AbmfpsS D]tZi n¿tZ-i-ßƒ
]cnKWn°pItbm Abmƒ NpaXes∏SpØnb ZqXs Apk-

16 Ckvemw- XpS-°-°m¿°v
cn-°pItbm sNømsX X∂n„{]Imcw ]eXpw sNbvXtijw
Iqen tXSns®√p∂ sXmgnemfn°v˛-AbmfpsS A[zmw
F{XXs∂ `mcn®Xmbncp∂mepw˛-Iqen sImSp°m≥
Bsc¶nepw XømdmIptam? AbmfpsS tXm∂nhmkßƒ°v
Iqen°¿lXbps≠∂vt]mepw _p≤nbpw oXnt_m[hpap≈
Bcpw ]dbpsa∂v tXm∂p-∂n√. F¶n¬ k¿hi‡mb ]S®-
Xºp-cms‚ am¿K-n¿tZißƒ kzoIcn®psIm≠√msX X∂n-
„-{]Imcw Xn°v √sX∂ptXm∂nb Imcyßƒ {]h¿Øn-
°p-∂ Hcmƒ°v {k„mhns‚ {]Xnêans√∂v ssZhw Xocpam-
n®m¬ AXn¬ bsXmcp AoXnbpw bp‡ncmlnXyhpw
oXnt_m[ap≈ Hcmƒ°pw Z¿in°phm≥ km[n°pIbn√.
A√mlp ]dbp∂p: ""(_ntb) ]dbpI: I¿aßƒ G‰hpw
jvSIcambn Xo¿∂hsc kw_‘n®v mw nß-ƒ°v
]d™pXcs´tbm? sFlnIPohnXØnse XßfpsS {]bXvw
]ng®pt]mbhcs{X Ah¿. Ah¿ hnNmcn-°p∂XmIs´ Xßƒ
√ {]h¿Øw SØn-s°m≠n-cn°p∂p F∂mWv. XßfpsS
c£nXmhns‚ ZrjvSm¥ß-fnepw Ahpambn I≠pap´p-∂-Xnepw
hnizkn°mØ-hcs{X Ah¿. AXnm¬ AhcpsS I¿aßƒ
njvê-ambnt∏mbncn°p∂p. AXnm¬ mw Ah¿°v
Dbn¿sØ-gpt∂¬]ns‚ mfn¬ bmsXmcp Xq°hpw
(ÿmhpw) nen¿ØpIbn√. AXs{X Ah¿°p≈
{]Xnêw. Ahn-izkn°pIbpw, Fs‚ ZrjvSm¥ßsfbpw,
ZqX∑mscbpw ]cnlmkyam°pIbpw sNbvXXn∂p≈
(in£bmb) cIw.'' (18:103-˛106)
hnizmkImcyßƒ ùXnIamZfißfp]tbmKn®v Kthj-
Ww sNøphmtm Af∂papdn°phmtm km[n°p-Ibn√.
ùXnI-temIsØ Xs∂ F{Xtbm kwKXnIƒ nKqVamb
NpcpfpIƒ°p≈n¬ C∂pw kakyIfmbn XpScpIbmWv. ap-
jy-s‚ _p≤nbpsSbpw ]cn⁄mßfp-sSbpw ]cnan-Xn-bw-Ko-
Icn°ptºmƒ ùXnItemIØnv ]pdØp≈ C{μnbmXoX
Imcyßƒ Adnbm≥ ssZhnIk-tμißsf B{ibn°pI
am{Xta nhrØnbp≈q.

apjys‚ C{μnbßƒ°∏pdØv bmsXm∂pan√msb∂
ntj[w [n°mcØns‚bpw A⁄XbpsSbpw BgamWv
hmkvXhØn¬ Adnbn°p∂Xv.
bYm¿Y hnizmknIfpsS DXvIrjvS kz`mhambn hnip≤
Izp¿B≥ FSpØp]d™Xv "Ah¿ C{μnbmXoX Imcyßfn¬
hnizkn°p∂hcmsW∂' (2:3) ImcyamWv.
A√mlp ]dbp∂p: ""Xs‚ c£nXmhn¶¬ n∂v Xn°v
AhX-cn∏n°s∏´Xn¬ dkq¬ hnizkn®ncn°p∂p. (AXn-s
XpS-¿∂v) kXyhnizmknIfpw. Ahsc√mw A√mlphn-epw,
Ahs‚ ae°pIfnepw Ahs‚ thZ{KŸßfnepw, Ahs‚
ZqX∑mcnepw hnizkn®ncn°p∂p. Ahs‚ ZqX∑mcn¬ B¿-°p-
anSbn¬ Hcp hnthNhpw Rßƒ I¬]n°p∂n√. (F∂-Xm-
Wv AhcpsS ne]mSv) Ah¿ ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp: RßfnXm
tIƒ°pIbpw Apkcn-°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. RßfpsS
mYm! RßtfmSv s]mdpt°Wta. n∂n-te°m-Ip-∂p
(RßfpsS) aS°w. A√mlp HcmtfmSpw AbmfpsS Ign-hn¬
s]´X√msX sNøm≥ n¿_‘n°pIbn√. HmtcmcpØ¿ {]h-
¿Øn®Xn-s‚ k¬^ew Ahch¿°pXs∂. HmtcmcpØ¿
{]h¿Øn-®Xns‚ Zpjv^ehpw AhchcpsS ta¬ Xs∂.
RßfpsS mYm, Rßƒ ad∂pt]mIpItbm, Rßƒ°v
sX‰p]-‰pItbm sNbvXpsh¶n¬ Rßsf o in£n°cptX.
RßfpsS mYm, RßfpsS ap≥KmanIfpsS ta¬ o Npa-
ØnbXp t]mep≈ `mcw RßfpsS ta¬ o NpaØcptX.
RßfpsS mYm, Rßƒ°v Ignhn√mØXv Rßsf o
hln∏n°cptX. Rßƒ°v o am∏p¬IpIbpw Rß-tfmSv
s]mdp°pIbpw, IcpW ImWn°pIbpw sNtøWta. obmWv
RßfpsS c£m[nImcn. AXpsIm≠v kXyn-tj[nIfmb
PXbvs°Xncmbn o Rßsf klmbnt°-Wta.'' (2:285,286)
tscadn®v AØcw hnizmk Imcyßsf X≈n°fbp-∂h¿
hy‡amb hgntISnemsW∂pw I¿aßƒ njv^-eamb
„ImcnIfmbncn°pahsc∂pw Izp¿B≥ DW¿-Øp∂p.
""...A√mlphnepw, Ahs‚ ae°pIfnepw, Ahs‚

{KŸßfnepw Ahs‚ ZqX∑mcnepw, A¥yZnØnepw h√hpw
Ahnizkn°p∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ _lpZqcw ]ng®p
t]mbncn°p∂p.''(4:136)
""...kXyhnizmksØ Bsc¶nepw X≈n°fbp∂ ]£w
Ahs‚ I¿aw njvêambn°gn™p. ]ctemIØv Ah≥
jvSw ]‰nbhcpsS Iq´Ønembncn°pIbpw sNøpw.''(5:5)
kz¿K{]thisØ Ipdn®pw kz¿KmhIminIsf Ipdn®pw
Izp¿B≥ hnhcn® nch[n kq‡ßfn¬ k¬I¿a-ß-tfm-
sSm∏w kXyhnizmkw kzoIcn°p∂Xns Ipdn®pw Bh¿Øn-
®m-h-¿-Øn®v ]d™Xv {it≤bamWv. AYhm icnbmb hnizmk-
Øn-s‚ A`mhØn¬ apjy¿ sNbvXpIq´p∂ tIhe I¿aßƒ
kz¿K {]thiØnv A¿lam°p∂n√msb∂v kmcw.
""Xo¿®bmbpw hnizkn°pIbpw k¬I¿aßƒ {]h¿-
Øn°pIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p krjvSn-
Ifn¬ DØa¿. Ah¿°v AhcpsS c£nXmhn-¶ep≈ {]Xnêw
Xmgv`mKØp IqSn AcphnIƒ HgpIp∂, ÿnc-hmkØnp≈
kz¿KtØm∏pIfmIp∂p. AhcXn¬ nXyhmknIfmbncn°pw;
Fs∂t∂°pambn´v. A√mlp Ahsc ]‰n Xr]vXns∏-ńcn-°p∂p.
Ah¿ Ahs ]‰nbpw Xr]vXns∏ńcn°p∂p. GsXmcph≥ Xs‚
c£nXmhns `bs∏´pthm Ah∂p≈XmIp∂p AXv.''(98:7,8)
""Xo¿®bmbpw hnizkn°pIbpw k¬I¿Ωßƒ {]h¿-
Øn°pIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm Ah¿°v k¬°mcw ¬Im-
p≈XmIp∂p kz¿KtØm∏pIƒ. AhcXn¬ nXyhm-
knIfmbncn°pw. AXn¬ n∂v hn´v amdm≥ Ah¿ B{Kln-
°pIbn√.''(18:107,108)
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ A√mlp Ab® k¿h {]hmNI-∑mcpw
XßfpsS Pßsf BZyambn DZvt_m[n∏n®Xv hnizmk-
Imcyßsf Ipdn®mbncp∂p. I¿aßfpw kz`mh-ß-fpw CS]m-
SpIfpw kw_‘n® hniZamb nbaßƒ°pap≥-]v lrZbØn¬
cqVaqeamb hnizmkw hf¿ØnsbSp-°mm-Wv AhcJnehpw
{i≤n®Xv. ]m]ßfn¬ sht®‰hpw Kpcp-Xcamb Imcyambn
Ah¿ ]Tn∏n®Xpw hnizmkcwKØp kw`hn°p∂ sshI-ey-

ßsf Ipdn®mbncp∂psh∂pImWmw.
BZyImeßfnehXcn® Izp¿B≥ kq‡ßƒ (a°o
kqdØpIƒ) ]cntim[n°ptºmgpw Cu hkvXpX t_m[y-
s∏Sp∂XmWv. lnPvd°p apºhXcn® {]kvXpX A[ymb-
ßfnse {][m hnjbw hnizmkImcyßfmWv.
apjyn¿anX ùXnI{]Xybimkv{Xßfpw ssZhnI-aXhpw
XΩnep≈ auenIamb hyXymkamWnXv. aX-Øns‚ hf¿®°pw
ùXnI{]Xybimkv{Xßfp-sS Xf¿-®°pw nanØamIp∂Xpw
AXpXs∂bmWv.
{]hmNI ]Xvn alXn BCi CuhkvXpXbnte°v hnc¬
Nq≠p∂Xp ImWpI. ""Izp¿Bn¬ n∂v BZyambn AhXcn®Xv
kz¿K˛cIßsf Ipdn®v ]dbp∂ kq‡-ßfmbncp∂p.
Aßs Pßƒ Ckvemante°v aSßnb-t∏mƒ AphZob
Imcyßsf Ipdn®pw njn≤Imcy-ßsf Ipdn®pap≈ hniZamb
nbaßfhXcn®p. tsc-adn®v BZyahXcn®Xv "nßƒ
aZy]n°cpsX∂' nbaam-bncp∂psh¶n¬ Rßƒ Hcn°epw
aZyw Dt]£n°p-Ibn√msb∂v Ah¿ ]dt™s. A{]Imcw
Xs∂ nßƒ hy`nNcn°cpsX∂mbncp∂p BZyahtcmSv
]d™ncp∂-sX¶n¬ Rßsfmcn°epw hy`nNmcap-t]£n°pI-
bn-√m-sb∂pw Ah¿ ]dbpambncp∂p.'' (_pJmcn)
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ _n hf¿ØnsbSpØ Ckveman-
IkaqlØn¬ BfpIƒ nbaw ]men°p∂pt≠msb∂v
]cntim[n°phm≥ nba]meItcbpw ]´mftØbpw
ntbmKnt°≠ Bhiyap≠mbncp∂n√. Iqcncpńs‚ adhn¬
t]mepw ]S®hs `b∂v Xn∑Ifn¬ n∂v amdn n∂v
clkyPohnXØnepw hnip≤n ]men® almampjn-Ifmbn
Pohn®v Ah¿ amXrIbmbXv AXpsIm≠mbncp∂p. A[acn¬
A[acmbncp∂ Hcp PX DØacn¬ DØacmbn D∂X-ß-fn-
te°v Db¿∂Xv hnizmkØns‚ ASnØdbn¬ ]SpØp-b¿-Ø-
s∏´ BZ¿iØns‚ h‡m°fmbXnmem-bncp∂p. XnI®pw
A]cnjvIrXcpw A£c⁄man√mØ-hcpambncp∂ ImS≥
Ad_nIsf tIhew Ccp]Ønaq∂v h¿jßƒsIm≠v aplΩZv

_n k¿hXeßfnepw amXrIIfmIpw hn[w D∂XnbpsS
tkm]mßfnseØn®-Xns‚ amkvacnIXsb Ipdn®v
Ncn{XsØ kXyk‘ambn kao]n® ]ecpw A¤pXw
Iqdnbn´p≠v.
F∂m¬ hnizmkmZ¿ißfn¬ {i≤n°mØtXm hnIe-
hnizm-kßƒ ssIapXem°nbtXm Bb kaql-ß-fn¬
Xn∑bpsS Xncbnf°w k¿hkm[mcWamWv. AhnSßfnse
`cWIqSßfpw nba]meIcpw F{XXs∂ i‡cmbmepw
nbaØns‚ ]gpXpIfneqsS Xn∑Ifnte°v Acn®n-dßp-∂-h-
cpsS FÆw h¿[n®phcp∂Xv ImWmw. kwkvIrX-sc∂-hIm-
is∏Sp∂ B[pnI kaqlßfpsS ÿnXnKXnIƒ hnebn-cp-
Øp∂ B¿°paXv ImWmm-hp∂XmWv.
sIm≈bpsSbpw sXΩmSnØßfpsSbpw ISpØa p-ambn
kaqlØn¬ hf¿∂ph∂ ]ecpw, a nte°v icnbmb
hnizmkØns‚ {]Imiw IS∂psN∂t∏mƒ ∑bpsSbpw
ImcpWyØns‚bpw h‰mØ ocpdhIfmbn amdnbXnv
CkvemanI Ncn{XØn¬ FºmSpw DZml-cWßfp≠v. Jeo^
Da¿ s‚ Ncn{Xw AXn¬ H∂p-am{XamWv.
B[nImcnIX
hnizmkw AXn{][mamsW∂v ]dbptºmƒ Xs∂
AtXmsSm∏w icnbmb hnizmkw FhnsS n∂mWv kzoI-
cnt°≠Xv F∂ hnjbhpw kPoh N¿®°v hnt[bam-
t°≠Xp≠v. hnizmksa∂t]cn¬ ]cs° Adnbs∏Sp∂-Xpw
kaqlØn¬ {]Ncn®n´p≈Xpamb Imcyßƒ icnbmb
hnizmkw Xs∂bmtWmsb∂v ]tim[nt°≠Xp≠v.
hnizmkImcyßƒ apjycpsS KthjW ]cntim[-IfpsS
]cn[nIƒ°∏pdØp≈ C{μnbmXoX Imcyßfmb-Xnm¬
kXyssZhØn¬ n∂p≈ Ip‰a‰ t{kmX pI-fn¬ n∂p≈
icnbmb ktμißƒ am{Xta XZznjbI-ambn kzoIcn°m≥
]mSp≈q. ssZhsØ Ipdn®pw ssZhn-Im[ym]ßsf Ipdn®pw
Dulmt]mlßfpsS ASn-ÿmØn¬ h√Xpw ]db¬ hºn®
]mXIhpw ssZh-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ifhv {]Ncn∏n°ep-am-bn-cn-

°pw. AXv hntcm[n®psIm≠v A√mlp ]dbp∂p: ""]dbpI:
Fs‚ c£nXmhv njn≤am°nbn´p≈Xv {]Xy£ambXpw ]tcm-
£ambXpamb oNhrØnIfpw, A[¿ahpw, ymbw IqSmsX-
bp≈ Itø‰hpw, bmsXmcp {]amWhpw A√mlp Cd°n-Ø-
∂nń√mØXns AhtmSv nßƒ ]¶ptN¿°p-∂-Xpw,
A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ nßƒ°p hnhcan√mØXv nßƒ
]d™p≠m°p∂Xpw am{XamWv.'' (7:33)
""nßfpsS mhpIƒ hntijn∏n°p∂Xns‚ ASnÿm-
Øn¬ CXv AphZobamWv, CXv njn≤amWv. F∂nßs
I≈w ]dbcpXv. nßƒ A√mlphns‚ t]cn-¬ I≈w
sIń®abv°pIbs{X (AXns‚ êw). A√mlp-hns‚ t]cn¬
I≈w sIń®abv°p∂h¿ hnPbn°pIbn√; Xo¿®.''(16:116)
AØcw hymP{]kvXmhIsf XnI®pw ss]imNnI-
sa∂mWv Izp¿B≥ hntijn∏n°p∂Xv. ""apjytc, `qanbn-
ep≈Xn¬ n∂v AphZobhpw, hninjvShpambXv nßƒ
`£n®v sIm≈pI. ]nimNns‚ ImeSnIsf nßƒ ]n¥pScm-
Xncn-°pIbpw sNøpI. Ah≥ nßfpsS {]Xy£ i{Xp
Xs∂bmIp∂p. ZpjvIrXyßfnepw oNhrØnIfn-epw G¿s]-
Sphmpw, A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ nßƒ°dn-™pIqSmØXv
]d™p--≠m°phmpamWv Ah≥ nßtfmSv I¬]n°p∂Xv.''
(2:168,169)
aXØn¬ AXncphnSpIbpw ]eXcØnep≈ ]nghpI-fnte°v
hgpXnt∏mhpIbpw sNbvX PqX˛ss{IkvXhsc Izp¿B≥
DZvt_m-[n∏n°p∂Xv ImWpI. ""thZ°mtc, nßƒ aXImcy-
Øn¬ AXncpIhnbcpXv. A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ hmkvXh-
a√msX nßƒ ]dbpIbpw sNøcpXv. a¿bans‚ aImb
akolv Cukm A√mlphns‚ ZqXpw, a¿bante°v Ah≥
C´psImSpØ Ahs‚ hNhpw, Ah¶¬ n∂p≈ Hcp
BXvamhpw am{XamIp∂p. AXvsIm-≠v nßƒ A√mlphnepw
Ahs‚ ZqX∑mcnepw hnizkn°pI. {XnXzw F∂ hm°v nßƒ
]dbcpXv. nß-fpsS ∑bv°mbn nßƒ (CXn¬ n∂v)
hncan°pI. A√mlp GI Bcm[y≥ am{XamIp∂p. Xn°v

Hcp k¥map≠mbncn°pI F∂Xn¬ n∂v Ahs-{Xtbm
]cnip≤s{X. BImißfnep≈Xpw `qanbnep≈Xpsa-√mw
Ahs‚XmIp∂p. ssIImcyI¿Ømhmbn A√mlp Xs∂ aXn.''
(4;171)
ssZhØns‚ KpWhntijWßsf Ipdn®v apjy¿
KthjWw SØn ssZhw Bcmbncn°Wsa∂v Xocpam-
n°p∂Xv ssZhtØ°mƒ henb ssZhwNabp∂ XcØn-ep≈
[n°mchpw Atßb‰sØ h¶Øhpambncn°pw. ImcWw ]Zm-
¿Y-ßfpsS {kjvSmhmb ssZh-sØ-°pdn®v ]Zm¿YtemIØv
_‘nXmb apjy≥ Xs‚ t∂ ]cn-an-X-amb _p≤nbpw
Adnhpap]tbmKn®v Kth-jWw SØp∂Xv F¥vam{Xw
_p≤niqyXb√!
AhnsSbmWv XØzimkv{X°mcpsSbpw hNimkv{X-
⁄cpsSbpw hnSphmbnØßfpsS nc¿YIXIƒ mw
Xncn®dntb≠Xv. Aßs km£m¬ ssZhsØ°pdn®v
kXyk‘ambn Adnbm≥ {ian°ptºmƒ ssZhw Xs∂°p-
dn®v Fs¥ms° ]d™pX∂psh∂pw Ahs‚ kXyZqX-∑m¿
Fs¥√mamWv ]d™pX∂sX∂pamWv mw Atz-jnt°≠Xv.
kXy{]hmNI∑mcpw AhcpsS kXyk‘cmb ApN-
c∑mcpw Fßs ssZhsØ°pdn®v ]Tn∏n®pthm B cq]Øn¬
mw Ahs AdnbpIbpw Dƒs°m≈pIbpw sNøpI-sb-∂-
Xm-Wv Ip‰a‰Xpw kpc£nXhpamb GI-am¿Kw.
A√mlp ]dbp∂p ""A√mlp bmsXmcp k¥msØ-bpw
kzoIcn®n´n√. AhtmsSm∏w bmsXmcp ssZhhpap-≠mbn´n√.
Aßsbmbncp∂psh¶n¬ Hmtcm ssZhhpw Xm≥
krjvSn®Xpambn t]mbn°fbpIbpw, Ahcn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc
ASn-®a¿ØpIbpw sNøpambncp∂p. Ah¿ ]d™p-≠m-°p-∂-
Xn-¬ ns∂√mw A√mlp F{X ]cnip≤≥!'' (23:91)
""Xm√msX bmsXmcp Bcm[ypan√mØhmb A√m-
lphmWh≥. AZriyhpw Zriyhpw Adnbp∂hmIp∂p Ah≥.
Ah≥ ]caImcpWnIpw IcpWmn[nbpamIp∂p. Xm√msX
bmsXmcp Bcm[ypan√mØhmb A√mlp-hmWh≥. cmPm-

[n-Imcap≈hpw ]ca]cnip≤pw kam-[mw ¬Ip∂hpw
A`bw ¬Ip∂hpw ta¬tm´w hln°p∂hpw {]Xm-
]nbpw ]cam[nImcnbpw alXzap-≈hpw BIp∂p Ah≥.
Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xn¬ ns∂√mw A√mlp F{Xtbm
]cnip≤≥! {kjvSmhpw n¿amXmhpw cq]w ¬Ip∂hpamb
A√mlp-hs{X Ah-≥. Ahv G‰hpw DØaamb maßfp≠v.
BImi-ß-fnepw `qanbnep≈h Ahs‚ alXzsØ
{]Io¿Øn°p∂p. Ahs{X {]Xm]nbpw bp‡nampw.''
(59;22˛24)
t{kmX pIfpw kao]hpw
ssZhnIsa∂v kzbw AhImis∏SpIbpw AXns‚ B[n-
Im-cnIX°v nch[n sXfnhpIƒ ncØpIbpw sNøp∂ hnip-
≤Izp¿Bpw, AXns kz¥w PohnXØn-eqsS {]tbmK-h¬-
°-cn®v ImWn® A¥y{]hmNI≥ aplΩZv _n bpsS
PohnXw AYhm _nNcy(kp∂Øv)bpamWv ssZhnI aX-Øn-
s‚˛-GXpImcyØnep-sa∂-t]m-se˛hnizm-kImcyß-fdnbmp≈
icnbmb t{kmX pIƒ.
Izp¿Bns‚bpw kp∂Øns‚bpw hmIyßƒ kz¥-amb
Xm¬]cyßƒ°pw Bibßƒ°pw th≠n Zp¿hym-Jym-n-
°s∏Sp∂ kmlNcyßfp≠mIpsa∂XpsIm-≠pXs∂ B
{]amWßsf Fßs kao]n°Wsa∂pw _n DW¿-Øn-
bn-´p-≠v. AXmbXv, _n ]Tn∏n®X-pkcn®v aXsØ Adn-
bp-I-bpw {]tbmKh¬°cn°pIbpw sNbvXv A√mlphns‚bpw
{]hmNI s‚bpw {]iw-kIƒ°¿lcmbnØo¿∂ {]hmNI-
injy-∑mcpsS ∑nd™ ]mX ]n¥pScpIsb∂XmWm
n¿tZiw. {]kvXpX D]tZiapkcn®v aXm[ym-]ßfp-ƒ-s°m-
≈m≥ {ian°pIbmsW¶n¬ G‰hpw sXfnabm¿∂ kXyØn-
te°pw AXphgn sFIyØnte°pw kmtlmZcyØnte-°pw
ssZ-hnI ImcpWyØns‚ {]hnime-amb kz¿K temIØn-te-
°pw FØm≥ km[n°p∂XmWv. AX√msX I£nXz-Ønte-
t°m hy‡nXm¬]cyßfntet°m A√ Ckvemw sΩ
£Wn°p∂Xv.

A√mlp ]dbp∂p: ""kXyhnizmknItf, nßƒ A√mlpsh
Apkcn°pI. (A√mlphns‚ ZqXsbpw nßfn¬ n∂p≈
ssIImcyI¿Øm°sfbpw Apkcn-°pI. Cn h√
ImcyØnepw nßƒ°nSbn¬ `n∂n∏p≠m-IpIbmsW¶n¬
nßfXv A√mlphnte°pw dkqente-°pw aS°pI. nßƒ
A√mlphnepw A¥y-ZnØnepw hnizkn°p∂psh¶n¬
(AXmWv th≠Xv) AXmWv DØahpw IqSpX¬ √
]cyhkmap≈Xpw.'' (4:59)

A√mlphnep≈ hnizmkw
hnizmk Imcyßfn¬ H∂matØXv A√mlphnep≈
hn-izmkamIp∂p. AXn-¬ {][mambpw Dt±in°s∏Sp∂
ImcyßfmWv NphsS hnhcn°p∂Xv.
1. A√mlphns‚ AkvXnXzw AwKoIcn°¬
A√mlphns‚ AkvXnXzØnte°v hnc¬Nq≠p∂ H´-
-h[n ZrjvSm¥ßƒ {]]©{kjvSmhv ChnsS kwhn-
[m-n®n´p≠v. ]S®hs Adnbmpw Ahs‚ i-‡n-˛am-
lm-ﬂyßƒ {Kln°mpw AXv apjys klmbn-°p-
∂-XmWv. kqcy˛-N{μmZn £{Xßtfbpw cm]IepIfpsS
am-‰ßsfbpsams° Ipdn®v Nn¥n°m-pw ZrjvSm¥ßƒ
{Kln°mpw Izp¿B≥ apjycmintbmSv Bhiy-s∏-Sp-
∂p≠v.
""Xo¿®bmbpw BImißfpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw kr-
jv-Sn--bn-epw, cm]IepIƒ amdn amdn hcp∂Xnepw k¬-_p-
≤n-bp≈h¿°v ]e ZrjvSm¥-ß-fp-ap≠v.'' (3:190)
""BImi`qanIfpsS krjvSn∏nepw, cm]IepIfpsS am‰-
Øn-epw, apjy¿°v D]Imcap≈ hkvXp°fpambn IS-
en-eqsS k©cn-°p∂ I∏enepw, BImiØv n∂v
2
A[ymbw

A√mlp ag sNmcn-™p-X∂n´v n¿PohmhkvYbv°p tijw
`qan-°v AXp aptJ Poh≥ ¬InbXnepw, `qanbn¬ F√mXcw
P¥p-h¿Kßsfbpw hym]n-∏n-®Xnepw, Im‰pIfpsS KXn-{I-a-
Ønepw, BImi-`qanIƒ°nSbneqsS nb{¥n®v bn°s∏Sp∂
taL-Ønepw Nn¥n-°p∂ Pßƒ°v ]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠v;
Xo¿®.'' (2:164)
Cu temIØv apjyv ]pdsa ktNXhpw AtNXhpamb
H´h[n krjvSnIfp≠v. GItImiPohnbmb Aao_ apX¬
BbpsS ]Xn∑Sßv hen∏-ap≈ oeØnanwKew hsc [mcmfw
PohPmeßƒ. apjyS°ap≈ Cu Poh-Pme-ßsf BcmWv
]S®p≠m°nbXv? iqyXbn¬ n∂v h√Xpw D≠m-Iptam?
apjys krjvSn®Xv Ahs‚ amXm]nXm°fmsW∂v
]dbm≥ km[n°p-Ibn√. amXm]nXm°ƒ hnNmcn°p∂
hn[Øne√ Ahs‚ Pw. AXs√¶n¬ Zriy{]]-©Ønse
a‰msc¶nepamsW∂v IcpXphmpw n¿hmlan√. Ah≥
bmZr—nIambp≠mbp≠mbXmsW∂v ]dbphmpw _p≤nbpw
t_m[hpap≈ Hcmƒ°v km[n°pIbn√. Imc-Ww GsXmcp
hkvXphnpw I¿aØnpw AXnv ]n∂n¬ Hcp kq{X[mc≥
Anhmcy-amWv.
""AX√, bmsXmcp hkvXphn¬ n∂pa√msX Ah¿ krjvSn-
°-s∏´ncn°pIbm-tWm? AX√, Ah¿ Xs∂bm-tWm {kjvSm-
°ƒ? AX√, AhcmtWm BImiß-fpw `qan-bpw krjvSn®n-
cn°p-∂Xv? A√, Ah¿ ZrVambn hnizkn-°p∂n√. AX√, Ah-
cpsS ]°emtWm ns‚ c£nXmhn-s‚ JPmhpIƒ! AX√,
Ah-cm-tWm A[nImcw SØp-∂h¿?'' (52:35-˛37)
C{X IWnihpw kq£vahpamb {]]©hpw AXnse {]Xn`m-
kß-fpw krjvSnPmeßfpw bmZr—nIambp≠m-bXmWv F∂v
Icp-Xp∂Xns°mƒ henb hnUvVnØhpw A‘hnizmkhpw
thsd-bpt≠m F∂Xv kwibamWv.
_p≤nbpw hnthIhpap≈ apjytmSv Izp¿B≥ tNmZn-
°p∂p.

""apjy≥ {]kvXmhyamb Hcp hkvXpth Bbncp-∂n√mØ
Hcp ImeL´w Ahs‚ ta¬ Ign™pt]mbn´p-t≠m? IqSn-t®¿-
∂p-≠mb Hcp _oPØn¬ n∂v Xo¿®bm-bpw mw apjys
krjvSn-®ncn°p∂p. mw Ahs ]co-£n°p-hm-m-bn´v. Aßs
Ahs mw tIƒhnbp≈hpw ImgvN-bp≈-hp-am-°nbn-cn-°p-
∂p.'' (76:1˛2)
[n°mctØmSpw XnI™ Al¶mctØmSpw IqSnb√m-sX
oXnt_m[ap≈ B¿°mWv kXyk‘ambn CXns
ntj[n°m≥ km[n°pI?
2. A√mlphns‚ GIXzw
AkvXnXzØnepw AhImißfnepw KpWhntijW-
ßfnepsa√mw A√mlp GIpw AZznXobpamWv. Hcp henb
ssZhhpw AXnv Xmsg Iptd IpńssZhßfpw F∂ k¶¬]w
Ckvemw AwKoIcn°p∂n√. A{]Imcw Xs∂ Hmtcm
Imcyßƒ°pw Hmtcm ssZhw F∂ _lpssZhk¶-¬]hpw
CkvemanyamWv. F√mw ]S®v ]cn]men°p∂ k¿hi‡pw
IcpWmhmcn[nbpamb A√mlp am{XamWv Bcm[°¿l≥
F∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.
""Ah-tmSp≈Xpam{XamWv ymbamb {]m¿Y. Ah∂p
]pdsa BtcmsS√mw Ah¿ {]m¿Yn®v sIm≠ncn°p∂pthm Ah-
cm-cpw Ah¿°v bmsXmcp DØchpw ¬Ip∂X√. sh≈w
Xs‚ hmbn¬ (Xnsb) hs∂Øm≥ th≠n Xs‚ CcpssI-
Ifpw AXns‚ tsc oń°mWn°p∂hst∏mse am{Xam-
Ip∂p Ah¿. AXv (sh≈w) hmbn¬ hs∂ØpI-bn√t√m. kXy-
n-tj[nIfpsS {]m¿Y jvSØn¬ Xs∂bmIp∂p.'' (13:14)
hymPssZhßfpsS Zu¿_eyw Hcp D]abneqsS Izp¿B-≥
hnhcn°p∂Xv ImWpI.
""apjytc, Hcp DZmlcWanXm hnhcn°s∏Sp∂p. nßƒ
AXv {i≤n®p tIƒ°pI. Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlphnv ]pdsa
nßƒ hnfn®p {]m¿-Yn°p-∂h¿ Hcp Cu®sbt∏mepw
krjvSn°pIbn√. AXn∂mbn Ahsc√mhcpw HØptN¿∂m¬
t]mepw. Cu® AhcpsS ]°¬ n∂v h√Xpw XńsbSpØm¬

AXns‚ ]°¬ n∂v AXv tamNn∏ns®Sp°mpw Ah¿°v
Ignbn√. At]£n°p-∂hpw At]£n°s∏Sp∂hpw
Zp¿_e¿ Xs∂.'' (22:73)
{]m]©nI {]Xn`mkßfnse IrXyXbpw IWniXbpw
Ah°nSbnse Xmfs∏mcpØhpw GIo`mhhpsa√mw
{]]©{kjvSmhpw ]cn]meIpamb A√mlphns‚
GIXzsØbmWv hnfn®dnbn°p∂Xv.
""BImi`qanIfn¬ A√mlph√mØ h√ ssZhßfp-ap≠m-
bncp-∂psh¶n¬ AXv c≠pw XIcmdmIpambncp∂p. At∏mƒ
knwlmk-Øns‚ mYmb A√mlp, Ah¿ ]d™p-≠m°p-
∂Xn¬ ns∂√mw F{X ]cnip≤mIp∂p!'' (21:22)
A√mlphns‚ GIXzw AYhm XuloZv {][mambpw aq∂v
Xeßsf kv]¿in°p∂p.
1. krjvSnI¿XrXzØnse GIXzw (XuloZpdp_q-_nø):
k¿h NcmNcßfpsSbpw {kjvSmhpw nb¥mhpw
DSaÿpw A√mlp am{XamsW∂v AwKoIcn°em-
Wv CXns‚ Xm¬]cyw. Ahcnte°v ntbmKn°s∏´ ZqX∑m¿
]d™p:
""BImißfpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw krjvSn-I¿Ømhmb
A√mlp--hns‚ ImcyØnemtWm kwibap≈Xv? nßfpsS ]m-
]-ßƒ nßƒ°v s]mdpØpXcmpw, n¿WnXamb Hcp Ah-
[n hsc nßƒ°v kabw o´nØcphmpambn Ah≥ nßsf
£Wn°p∂p. Ah¿ (Pßƒ) ]d™p: nßƒ Rßsf-t∏m-
se-bp≈ apjy¿ am{XamIp∂p. RßfpsS ]nXm°ƒ Bcm-
[n®v hcp∂Xn¬ n∂p Rßsf ]n¥ncn∏n°mmWv nßƒ
Dt±-in-°p∂Xv. AXnm¬ hyIvXamb h√ tcJbpw nßƒ
Rßƒ°v sIm≠v h∂p-Xcq''.-(14:10)
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""apjytc, A√mlp nßƒ°v sNbvX
Ap{Klw nßƒ Hm¿an°pI. BImiØv n∂pw `qanbn¬
n∂pw nßƒ°v D]Pohw ¬Im≥ A√mlp-h√mØ h√
{kjvSmhpapt≠m? Ah√msX bmsXmcp ssZ-hhpan√.
At∏mƒ nßƒ FßsbmWv sX‰n°-s∏Sp∂Xv?'' (35:3)

2. Bcm[yXbnse GIXzw (XuloZp¬ Deqlnø):
A√mlp am{XamWv k¿hhn[ Bcm[Iƒ°pw A¿l≥.
Bcm[bpsS bmsXmcwihpw Ah√mØ B¿°pw A¿]n®p
IqSm F∂XmWv CXp sIm≠pt±in°p∂Xv.
""nßfpsS c£nXmhv ]d™ncn°p∂p: nßƒ Ft∂mSv
{]m¿Yn°q. Rm≥ nßƒ°v DØcw ¬Imw. Fs∂ Bcm-
[n°msX Al¶mcw Sn°p∂hcmtcm Ah¿ hgnsb nμy-
cmbns°m≠v cIØn¬ {]thin°p∂XmWv; Xo¿®.'' (40:60)
""]≈nIƒ A√mlphn∂p≈XmIp∂p. AXnm¬ nßƒ
A√mlpthmsSm∏w Bscbpw hnfn®v {]m¿Yn°cpXv F∂pw.''
(72:18)
Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂ Bcm[IfpsS (C_mZØv) C-
ßfn¬ s]´ {]m¿Y, icWw tXS¬, t¿®, _en, ad™
cq]Ønep≈ `bw XpSßn bmsXm∂pw A√mlph√mØ-htcmSv
]mSp≈X√. AsXms°bpw alm]m]hpw kz¿Kw njn≤-am-
°n-Øo¿°p∂ A]cm[hpamWv.
""a¿bans‚ aI-≥ akolv Xs∂-bmWv A√mlp F∂v
]d™h¿ Xo¿®bm-bpw Ahnizmkn-Ifm-bncn°p∂p. F∂m¬
akolv ]d™Xv; C{kmbo¬ k¥-XnItf, Fs‚bpw nßfp-
sSbpw c£nXm-hmb A√mlpsh nßƒ Bcm[n°phn≥.
A√mlpthmSv h√hpw ]¶ptN¿-°p-∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw
A√mlp Ah∂v kz¿Kw njn≤am-°p-∂-XmWv. cIw Ahs‚
hmk-kvYeambncn°pIbpw sNøpw. A{IanIƒ°v klmbnI-
fmbn Bcpw Xs∂bn√. F∂mWv.'' (5:72)
""Xt∂mSv ]¶ptN¿°s∏Sp∂Xv A√mlp Hcn°epw
s]mdp°pIbn√. AsXmgn®p≈sX√mw Ah≥ Dt±in°p∂-
h¿°v Ah≥ s]mdpØpsImSp°p∂XmWv. B¿ A√mlp-thmSv
]¶ptN¿Øpthm Ah≥ Xo¿®bmbpw KpcpXcamb Hcp
Ip‰IrXyamWv Na®p≠m°nbncn°p∂Xv.'' (4:48)
hnip≤ Izp¿Bnse BZy I¬] GIssZhmcm[ (Xu-
lo-Zv)-sb Ipdn®pw (2:21), BZy hne°v _lpssZhm-cm-[--sb
Ipdn®pw(2:22) BsW∂Xv {it≤bamWv. A√m-lp Ab® kIe

ZqX∑mcpw Ime˛tZi hyXymkan√msX {]Yahpw {][m-hp-
ambn AhcpsS PXItfmSpZvt_m-[n∏n®p sIm≠ncp∂Xv Cu
alØmb BZ¿iambncp∂p.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Rm√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√.
AXn-m¬ Fs∂ nßƒ Bcm[n°q F∂v t_m[w ¬In-
s°m-≠√msX n°v apºv Hcp ZqXsbpw mw Ab-®n´n√.''
(21:25)
3. ma˛hntijWØnse AZznXobX (XuloZp¬ AkvamC
hkzn^mØv):
A√mlphpw {]hmNIpw A√m-lp-hns Ipdn®dnbn®
k¿h hntijWßfpw maßfpw bmsXm-cp t`ZKXnbpw
ntj[hpw hymJymhpw D]abpw kmZr-iys∏-SpØ-epsam∂pw
IqSmsX AwKoIcn°pI F∂-XmWv CXns‚ hnh£.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""BImißfpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw {k-
jvSm-hmIp∂p (Ah≥.) nßƒ°v th≠n nßfpsS h¿K-Øn-
¬ n∂p Xs∂ Ah≥ CWIsf (D≠m°nØ-∂ncn°p∂p.) A-
Xn--eqsS nßsf Ah≥ krjvSn®v h¿[n∏n-°p∂p. Ahv Xpey-
ambn bmsXm∂pan√. Ah≥ F√mw ImWp∂hpw F√mw tIƒ-
°p-∂hpamIp∂p. BImiß-fpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw Xmt°m-
ep-Iƒ Ahs‚ A[oØn-em-Ip∂p. Ah≥ Dt±in-°p-∂-h-¿°v
D]-Pohw Ah≥ hnim-e-am-°p∂p. (a‰p≈h¿°v) Ah≥ AXv
CSpßn-bXm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ GXv Imcy-
sØ-∏‰nbpw Adnhp≈hmIp∂p.'' (42:11˛12)
]Zm¿YßfpsS {kjvSm-hmb ]S® Xºpcms apjy-s‚
Nn-¥-I-ƒ°pw `mhIƒ°papkcn®v tImes∏SpØp-Ibpw
Ah≥ kzbw ]cnNbs∏SpØnb Imcyßƒ°v t`Z-KXn hcp-
Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv XnI™ [n°mc-hpw AXn-{I-a-
hpamWv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""A√mlphnv G‰hpw √ t]cpI-fp≠v.
AXnm¬ B t]cpIfn¬ Ahs nßƒ hnfn®p-sIm≈pI,
Ahs‚ t]cpIfn¬ Ir{Xnaw ImWn°p∂hsc nßƒ hn´p-
If-bpI. Ah¿ sNbvXp hcp∂Xns‚ ^ew Ah¿°p hgnsb

¬Is∏Spw.'' (7:180)
A√m-lp-hns ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn sIm≠v Izp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:
""A√mlp ˛ Ah√msX ssZhan√. Fs∂∂pw Pohn-®ncn-°p-
∂-h≥. F√mw nb{¥n°p∂h≥. ab°tam Dd°-tam Ahs
_m[n°pIbn√. Ahs‚XmWv BImi`qanI-fnep≈sX√mw.
Ahs‚ AphmZ{]Imca√msX Ahs‚-bSp°¬ ip]m¿i
SØmmcp≠v? AhcpsS apºnep≈-Xpw Ah¿°v ]n∂nep-≈-
Xpw Ah≥ Adnbp∂p. Ahs‚ Adnhn¬ n∂v Ah≥ CNvOn-
°p-∂X√msX (as‰m∂pw) Ah¿°v kq£vaambn Adnbm≥ Ignbn√.
Ahs‚ A[nIm-c]oTw BImi`qanIsf apgph≥ Dƒ-sIm-
≈p∂XmIp∂p. AhbpsS kwc£Ww Ah∂v H´pw `mcap≈X√.
Ah≥ D∂Xpw almpas{X.'' (2:255)
""(_ntb,) ]dbpI: Imcyw A√mlp GImWv F∂-XmIp∂p.
A√mlp Gh¿°pw B{ibambn´p≈hmIp∂p. Ah≥
(B¿°pw) P∑w ¬Inbn´n√. (BcpsSbpw k¥-Xnbmbn)
Pn®n´pan√. Ah∂v Xpeymbn Bcpw C√Xm-pw'' (112:1˛4)
A√mlphnep≈ hnizmkØns‚ XpS¿®bpw ]q¿Øo-
IcWhpamWv Ckvemanse a‰v hnizmk Imcyßƒ. AXn-m¬
BZyambn icns∏SpØn Dd∏nt°≠Xpw C°mcyw Xs∂bmWv.
k¿hi‡mb A√mlp AXnv sΩ XpW°s´! Bao≥.

ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
A√m-lp-hns‚ krjvSn-I-fn¬ ap°v ImWm-hp-∂-hbpw
AZr-iy-tem-I-Øp-≈-hbpap≠v. AZr-iy-amWv F∂-Xp-sIm-
≠p-am{Xw AØcw kwK-Xn-Isf ntj-[n-°m-h-X-√. ad-
™-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh∂Xv kXy-hn-izm-kn-
I-fpsS D¬Ir-jvS-Kp-W-ambn A√mlp FSp-Øp-]-d-™Xv
{it≤-b-am-Wv.
""AZriyImcyß-fn¬ hnizkn°pIbpw, {]m¿Y
AYhm akvImcw apd{]Imcw n¿hln°pI-bpw, mw
¬-Inb kºØn¬ n∂v sNehgn°pIbpw, n°pw
ns‚ ap≥Kman-Iƒ°pw ¬Is∏´ ktμiØn¬ hniz-
kn°pIbpw, ]ctemIØn¬ ZrVambn hnizkn-°p-Ibpw
sNøp∂hcs{X Ah¿ (kq£vaX ]men°p∂h¿)'' (2:3).
AXn-m¬ AØcw ad-™-Im-cy-ßsf (ssK-_v) ntj-
[n-°¬ kXyntj-[hpw Ahn-izm-khpw (Ip-^v¿) BWv.
ad™ Imcy-ßƒ ap-°-dn-bm-p≈ t{km-X v ]cn-ip≤
Izp¿Bpw {]hm-NI hN--ß-fp-am-Wv. Ah-bn-eqsS ÿnc-
s∏´ bmsXm∂pw Hcp apkven-anv ntj-[n-°m≥ ]mSp-≈-
X-√.
3
A[ymbw

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""kXyhnizmksØ Bsc¶nepw
X≈n°fbp∂ ]£w Ahs‚ I¿Ωw njv^eambn°gn™p.
]ctemIØv Ah≥ jvSw ]‰nbhcpsS Iq´Øne-m-bn-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøpw.'' (5:5)
""kXyhnizmknItf, A√mlphnepw, Ahs‚ ZqXnepw,
Ahs‚ ZqX∂v Ah-≥ AhXcn∏n® {KŸØnepw apºv Ah≥
AhXcn∏n® {KŸØnepw nßƒ hniz-kn°phn≥. A√mlp-
hnepw, Ahs‚ ae°pIfnepw, Ahs‚ {KŸßfnepw Ahs‚
ZqX-∑mcnepw, A¥yZnØnepw h√hpw Ahnizkn°p∂
]£w Xo¿-®bmbpw Ah≥ _lpZqcw ]ng®p t]mbncn°p∂p.''
(4:136)
ae-°p-Iƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ AZr-iy-tem-IsØ krjvSn-I-fmWv.
Ah-sc-Ip-dn®v Izp¿-Bpw {]hm-N-I-h-N--ßfpw ]d-™p-X-∂-h-
sb√mw kXy-s∏-SpØn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ hni-zm-kn-Iƒ _m[y-
ÿ-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ Izp¿-Bpw kp∂Øpw Adn-bn-®-Xn--∏pdw
kz¥w `mh--I-fn¬ ]nd-hn-sb-SpØ Nne Bi-b-ßsf ae-°p-
I-sf∂ t]cn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Nne¿ {ian-°mdp-≠v. ap-jy-
a-- ns‚ ∑-IfpsS `mhßsf ae-°p-I-fmbpw Xn∑-I-fpsS `mh-
ßsf ]nim-Np-°-fmbpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ AØcw
hymJym Ik¿Øp-Iƒs°m∂pw Ckvem-anI {]am-W-ß-fpsS
]n≥_-e-an-√.
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS c£m-a-{¥-sa∂ nebn¬ {]tXyIw ]mcm-
bWw sNøm≥ _n n¿tZ-in® c≠v kq‡-ß-fmWv hnip≤
Izp¿-B-nse c≠mw A≤ym-b-Ønse 285, 286 hN--ßƒ. ae-
°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw {]kvXpX kq‡-Øn¬ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-
∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.
ae-°p-I-fpsS krjvSn-∏v, cq]w, hnti-j-W-ßƒ, {]h¿Ø--
ßƒ, t]cp-Iƒ XpSßn Izp¿-Bpw kp∂Øpw Adn-bn® k¿h-
Im-cy-ßfpw ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn mw Adn-
bpI-bpw kXy-s∏-SpØn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-h-bm-Wv.
krjvSn-∏v
ap-jy-cn¬ n∂v hyXy-kvX-amWv ae-°p-IfpsS krjvSn-∏v.

_n ]d-bp∂p: ""ae-°p-Iƒ {]Im-i-Øm¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-ń-
cn-°p-∂p. Pn∂p-Iƒ XoPzm-e-bn¬ n∂pw ap-jy¿ nßƒ°v
hnh-cn-®p-X-∂-Xn¬ n∂pw (A-Yhm, aÆn¬ n∂v) krjvSn-°-s∏-
ń-cn-°p∂p. (ap-kvenw)
ap°v FÆn-°-W-°m-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø{X AkwJyw ae-
°p-I-fp-≠v. _n bpsS nim-bm-{X(Ckvdm-Av)°p tij-ap-
≠mb BIm-im-tcm-l-W-Øn¬(-an-AvdmPv) I≠ Imgv®-Iƒ hnh-
cn-°p∂ Iq´-Øn¬ _n ]d-bp∂p: ""ss_Øp¬ aAvaq¿
F-∂ hm-tem-IsØ ae-°p-I-fpsS Bcm-[-m-e-b-Øn¬ Hmtcm-
Zn-h-k-hpw Fgp-]-Xn-m-bncw ae-°p-Iƒ a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬
n∂v ]pdØp IS-∂-h¿ ]n∂o-S-hn-tS°v Xncn-®p-t]m-hp-I-bn-√.''
(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
A{]-Imcw Xs∂ c-I-sØ-Ip-dn®v hnh-cn-°sh _n ]d-
™p: ""c-I-Ønv Fgp-]-Xn-m-bncw Nß-e-I-fp-≠v. Hmtcm Nß-
e-tbm-sSm-∏hpw Fgp-]-Xn-m-bncw ae-°p-I-fpw. Ah¿ AXns
hen-®p-sIm-≠p-hcpw'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
A√mlp ]dbp∂p: ""cIØns‚ ta¬tm´°mcmbn mw
ae°pIsf am{XamWv nivNbn®ncn°p∂Xv. AhcpsS
FÆsØ mw kXyntj[nIƒ°v Hcp ]co£Ww am{X-am-
°n-bncn°p∂p. thZw ¬Is∏ń´p≈h¿°v ZrVt_m-[yw hcp-
hmpw kXyhnizmknIƒ°v hnizmkw h¿[n°m-pw thZw
¬Is∏´hcpw kXyhnizmknIfpw kwibØn-eIs∏-Sm-Xn-cn-
°mpw A√mlp Fs¥mcp D]abmWv CXpsIm≠v Dt±-in-®n-
´p≈sX∂v lrZbßfn¬ tcmKap≈-hcpw kXyntj[nIfpw
]dbp-hmpw th≠nbs{X AXv. A{]Imcw A√mlp Xm≥
Dt±in-°p∂hsc ]ng∏n°pIbpw, Xm≥ Dt±in°p∂hsc
t¿hgnbnem°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ns‚ c£nXmhns‚
sskyßsf Ah√msX a‰mcpw AdnbpIbn√. CXv
apjy¿°v Hcp D¬t_m[a√msX as‰m∂pa√.'' (74:31)
ae-°p-I-fpsS FÆw-t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv hen-∏hpw Kmwò-cy-
hpw. ap°v Duln°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xnpa∏pdamWXv. ae-°p-I-
fnse {][m-n-bmb Pn_vco-en s At±-l-Øns‚ icnbmb

cq]-Øn¬ I≠ cwKw _n C{]-Imcw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p:--
-""Pn_vco-¬ v Adp-qdv Nnd-Ip-I-fp-≠v. Hmtcm NndIpw N{I-
hm-fsØ ad-°p-∂{X hnim-e-am-Wv.''
as‰m-cn-°¬ _n ]d™p: ""knwlm-khml-I-cmb ae-
°p-I-fn¬ Hcm-sf-Ip-dn®v ]d-bm≥ Fn°v Ap-hmZw ¬I-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp sNhn-ap-X¬ ]nc-Sn-h-sc-bp≈
AIew Hcp ]£n Fgp-qdv h¿jw ]d-°p-∂-{X hnim-e-am-Wv.''
(Xz-bm-en-kn)
ae-°p-I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-Isf Ipdn®v kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Izp¿-
B≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI:
""BImißfpw `qanbpw krjvSn®p-≠m°n-bhpw c≠pw
aq∂pw mepw NndIpIfp≈ ae°pIsf ZqX∑mcmbn
ntbmKn®hpamb A√mlphnv kvXpXn. krjvSnbn¬ Xm≥
Dt±in°p∂Xv Ah≥ A[nI-am°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp
GXv ImcyØnpw Ignhp-≈hmIp∂p.'' (35:1)
Ch-sb√mw ad-™-tem-IsØ (ssK-_v) Imcy-ß-fm-b-Xn-m¬
ΩpsS ]cn-an-X-amb _p≤n-bp-sS-bpw bp‡n-I-fpsS-bpw IÆp-I-
fn-eqsS Ahsb hne-bn-cp-ØpI km[y-a-√. hnizm-k-Im-cy-ß-
sfm-s°bpw C{μo-bm-XoX Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. _p≤nbpw Nn¥-bp-am-
I-s´ `uXn-I-amb ]Zm¿Y-tem-IsØ Ipdn®v am{Xta {]k-‡-
am-hp-I-bp-≈q. CØcw Imcy-ß-sf-Ip-dn®v ]cn-an-X-amb ap-jy--
_p-≤n-sIm≠v Nn¥n-°p-hmtm nco-£W nK-a--ß-fn-se-
Ømtm {ian-°p-∂Xv A_-≤-ß-fn-te°pw A]-I-S-ß-fn-te°pw
am{Xta FØn-°p-I-bp-≈q. AYhm AØcw {ia-ßƒ XnI™
_p≤n-iq-y-X-bm-sW∂p kmcw.
ae-°p-Isf Ipdn®v Adn-bp-∂-Xns‚ t´w
H∂maXmbn, ae°pIsf Adnbepw Ah icnbmb cq]-
Øn¬ AwKoIcn°epw Cuamns‚ (kXyhnizmkw) `mKam-
Wv. icnbmb hnizmkw kzoIcn°msX Hcmƒ°v ]ctem-IØv
c£ {]m]n°m≥ km[n°pIbns√∂v Izp¿B≥ Bh-
¿Øn®pW¿Ønbn´p≠v. AØc°mcpsS I¿aßƒ t]mep-
ah¿°p]Icn°pIbn√ (24:39). am{Xa√ {kjvSm-hmb A√m-

lp-hns Adn-tb-≠-Xp-t]mse Adn-bm≥ Ahs‚ krjvSn-Isf
Ipdn-®p≈ icn-bmb Adn-hn-eqsS km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. A√mlp
]dbp∂p:
""CsXms° A√mlphns‚ krjvSn-bm-Ip∂p. F∂m¬
Ah∂p ]pdsabp≈h¿ krjvSn®n´p≈Xv F¥msW∂v nßƒ
Fn°v ImWn®pXcq. A√, A{Ia-ImcnIƒ hy‡amb
hgntISnemIp∂p.'' (31:11)
k¿h-i-‡-mb A√m-lp-hns‚ i‡n-am-lm-ﬂy-ßfpw
krjvSn-ssh-`-h-ßfpw a- n-em-°n-Øc-p∂ hnh-c-W-ß-fmWv ae-
°p-Isf Ipdn-®p≈ {]am-W-ß-fnse hniZo-I-cW-ß-fn¬
ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. A{]-Imcw Xs∂ A√m-lp-hns‚ At-
I-tImSn krjvS-n-I-fn¬ H∂p-am-{X-amb ap-jy-t-°mƒ henb
A-h[n krjvSn-I-fp-s≠∂pw ap-jy≥ k¿hm-[n-]pw k¿h-
i-‡-p-as√∂p-≈ Xncn-®-dnhpw hnbhpw, ae-°p-I-fpsS
temIsØ Ipdn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS ap°v e`n-°p-∂p. Zriy-tem-
IØv Xs∂-bp≈ Bbpw oe--Ønanw-K-ehpw ]¿h-X-ßfpw
BIm-i-hpw kqcypw £-{X-ß-fp-sam-s° ap-jyt-°mƒ
F{Xtbm `oam-Im-c-ßfm-Wv. F∂n´pw Ah-sbms° ]S-®-hv
Iogvs]´v Ahs kvXpXn®pw {]Io¿Øn-®pw nbaimk--I-f-
p-k-cn®pw Ncn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]s£, n m-c-mb ap-
jy-mWv Al-¶m-c-Øn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""BImißfnep≈hcpw `qan-
bnep≈hcpw, kqcypw N{μpw £{Xßfpw, ]¿ΔX-ßfpw
hr£ßfpw P¥p°fpw, apjycn¬ Ipsdt]cpw A√mlphnv
{]Wmaw A¿∏n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂p F∂v o I≠nt√? (thsd)
Ipsd t]cpsS ImcyØn¬ in£ ÿnc-s∏SpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-
°p∂p. A√mlp h√hsbpw A]am-nXm°p∂ ]£w
Ahs _lpamn°phm≥ Bcpw Xs∂bn√. Xo¿®bmbpw
A√mlp Xm≥ Dt±in°p∂Xv sNøp∂p.'' (22:18)
D¬Ir-jvS-cmb ae-°p-Ifpw Cu DØaKpW-ßƒ°v A]-hm-
Z-a-√. Ah¿ {]m¿Y--I-fnepw {]Io¿Ø-ß-fnepw Xs∂-bm-
Wv.

A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Xo¿®bmbpw ns‚ c£nXm-hns‚
ASp°ep≈h¿ (ae°pIƒ) Ahs Bcm[n°p∂-Xns∏‰n
Alw`mhw Sn°pIbn√. Ah¿ Ahs‚ alXzw {]Io¿Øn-
°pI-bpw Ahs {]Wan°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm-≠ncn°p∂p.''
(7:206)
t]cp-Ifpw tPmen-Ifpw
ae-°p-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Izp¿-B-nepw lZo-Yn-ep-ambn t]cp-
Iƒ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´-hcpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-ap-≠v. Ahcn¬ Nne-
cpsS tPmen-I-fpw {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw hni-Z-am-°-s∏-ń-´p-ap-≠v.
ae-°p-I-fn¬ {][m-n-bmb Pn_vcoen s‚ {][m Npa-Xe
ssZhnIktμ-i-ßƒ ZqX∑m¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂-Xm-
Wv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Xo¿®bmbpw CXv (Izp¿-B≥)
temIc£nXmhv AhXcn∏n®Xv Xs∂bmIp∂p. hniz-kvXmflmhv
(Pn_vco¬) AXpw sIm≠v Cdßnbncn°p∂p. ns‚
lrZbØn¬. o Xm°oXv ¬Ip∂hcpsS Iq´Øn-embn-cn-
°phm≥ th≠nbs{X AXv.'' (26:192-˛194)
ao°m-Cu-en v A√m-lp-hns‚ n¿tZ-i-a-p-k-cn®v ag-s]-
øn-°epw kky-e-XmZ-n-Iƒ apf-∏n-°-ep-am-Wv. as‰mcp {][m--
s∏´ ae°v Ckvdm-ô¬ BWv. temIm-h-km--Øns‚
XpS°w Ipdn-®p-sIm≠v Iml-f-Øn¬ DuXp-∂Xv Ckvdm-ô¬
BWv.
c-I-Øns‚ ta¬tm-´-°m-cmb ae-°p-I-fpsS tXrXzw amen-
°n- m-Wv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah¿ hnfn®p]dbpw; tl, amenIv! Xm-
¶-fpsS c£nXmhv RßfpsS ta¬ (acWw) hn[n°s´. A-t±-
lw (amenIv) ]dbpw: nßƒ (ChnsS) Xma-knt°≠h¿ Xs∂-
bmIp∂p.'' (43:77)
amen°v v ]pdsa cIImh¬°mcmbn thsdbpw ae-
°pIfp≠v.
""kXyhnizmknItf, kztZlßsfbpw nßfp-sS _‘p-

°-sfbpw apjycpw I√pIfpw C‘ambn´p≈ cIm-Kvn-
bn¬ n∂v nßƒ ImØpc£n°pI. AXns‚ ta¬tm´Ønv
]cpjkz`mhap≈hcpw AXni‡∑mcp-amb ae°pIfp-≠m-bn-
cn-°pw. A√mlp AhtcmSv I¬]n® ImcyØn¬ AhtmSh¿
Ap-kcWt°Sv ImWn°pI-bn√. AhtcmSv I¬]n-°-s∏-Sp-
∂-Xv F¥pw Ah¿ {]h¿Øn-°pIbpw sNøpw.'' (66:6)
kz¿K-Øn-p-ap≠v ta¬tm-´-°m-cmb ae-°p-Iƒ. F∂m-¬
Ah-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ {]am-W-ß-fn-eqsS ÿnc-s∏-´p-h-∂n-ń-√.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""XßfpsS c£nXmhns kq£n®p
Pohn®h¿ kz¿KØnte°v Iq´wIqámbn bn°s∏Spw.
Aßs AXns‚ IhmSßƒ Xqd∂v sh°s∏´ nebn¬
Ah¿ AXn∂SpØv hcptºmƒ AhtcmSv AXns‚ Imh-¬°m¿
]dbpw: nßƒ°v kam[mw. nßƒ kwip≤cm-bncn°p∂p.
AXnm¬ nXyhmknIsf∂ nebn¬ nßƒ AXn¬
{]thin®p sIm≈pI.'' (39:73)
J_vdn¬ tNmZyw sNøp∂ c≠v ae-°p-I-fmWv ap≥I¿, Io¿
F∂n-h¿. F∂m¬ Bflmhv ]nSn-s®-SpØv ap-jysc acn-∏n-
°p∂ tPmen-bp≈ ae-°ns‚ t]cv {]am-W-ß-fn-eqsS ÿnc-
s∏-´p-h-∂n-ń-√.
{]Ir-Xhpw {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw
ae-°p-I-fpsS Nne D¬Ir-jvS kz-`m-h-ßƒ Ap-I-c-Wo-b-am-
Wv. aSnbpw aSp-∏p-an-√mØ ÿntcm-’m-ln-Ifpw ITn-m-[zm-n-I-
fp-amWv alm-∑m-cmb ae-°p-Iƒ.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Cn Ah¿ Alw`mhw Sn-°p-Ibm-
sW¶n¬ ns‚ c£nXmhns‚ ASp°ep≈h¿ (ae°pIƒ)
cmhpw ]Iepw Ahs {]Io¿Øn°p∂p≠v. Ah¿°v aSp∏v
tXm∂pI-bn√.'' (41:38)
A{]-Imcw Xs∂ {]h¿Ø--ß-fn¬ IrXy-amb {Iao-I-c-W-
hpw ASp°pw Nn´bpw Ah¿°n-S-bn-ep-≠v. _n Hcn-°¬
]d™p: ""nßƒ°v ae-°p-Iƒ d∫ns‚bSp-°¬ AWn-b-Wn-
bmbn n¬°p-∂-Xp-t]mse AWn-tN¿∂v n∂p-IqtS?''
hn⁄m kZ- p-I-sfbpw hn⁄m-m-tz-jn-I-sfbpw tXSn

S-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v th≠n {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂ ae-°p-
I-fp-≠v.
ap-jy-cpsS I¿a-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnv {]tXyIw ae°p-
I-fp-s≠∂pw Izp¿B≥ Adnbn°p∂p. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""Xo¿®bmbpw nßfpsS ta¬ Nne ta¬tm´-°m-cp≠v. tcJ-
s∏Sp-Ønsh°p∂ Nne amy∑m¿. nßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv
Ah¿ Adnbp∂p.'' (82:10-˛12)
ap-jy-cpsS kwc-£-I-cmbpw ac-W-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-tb¬∏n-
°-s∏-´-h-cmbpw {]tXyIw ae-°p-I-fp-≠v. Xß-fpsS I¿Ø-hy-
ß-fn-sem∂pw bmsXm-cp IrXy-hn-tem-]hpw hcp-Øm-Ø-h-
cmWh¿. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Ahs{X Xs‚ Zmk∑mcpsS
ta¬ ]cam[nImcap≈h≥. nßfpsS ta¬-tm´Ønmbn
Ah≥ Imh¬°msc Ab°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs
Ahcn¬ Hcmƒ°v acWw hs∂Øptºmƒ ΩpsS ZqX∑m¿
(ae°pIƒ) Ahs ]q¿Wambn Gs‰-Sp°p∂p. (A°m-cy-
Øn¬) Ah¿ Hcp hogvNbpw hcpØp-Ibn√.'' (6:61)
ae-°p-Iƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isf hn]¬L´-ß-fn¬ klm-bn-
°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS i{Xp-°sf in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]e
kw`-h-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. A√m-lp- Ah-tcmSv G¬]n-°p∂
Imcy-ßƒ Ah¿ sNøp-∂p-sh∂v am{Xw. A√msX kzX-{¥-
ambn Ah¿ H∂nepw CS-s]-Sp-I-bn-√. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂
ae°pItfmSv klmb¿Y SØp∂Xv Ckvemw AphZn-
°p∂n√. {]XypX k¿hi‡mb A√mlphntm-Sv am{Xta
{]m¿Yn°m≥ ]mSp≈q.
_Z¿ bp≤-Øn¬ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v klm-bn-I-fmbn ae-
°p-Iƒ h∂-Xn-s-Ip-dn®v A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""ns‚ c£nXmhv ae°pIƒ°v t_m[w ¬Inbncp∂
kμ¿`w (Hm¿°pI.) Rm≥ nßfpsS IqsSbp≠v. AXnm¬
kXy-hnizmknIsf nßƒ Dd∏n®p n¿ØpI. kXyn-tj[n-
I-fp-sS a pIfn¬ Rm≥ `bw C´psImSp°p-∂-XmWv. AXn-
m-¬ IgpØpIƒ°v aosX nßƒ sh´ns°m-≈pI. AhcpsS
hncepIsf√mw nßƒ sh´n°fbpIbpw sNøpI.'' (8:12)

eqXzv _n bpsS P-X-bn¬ ae-°p-Iƒ sN∂ cwKw Izp¿-
B≥ hnhcn°p-∂p-≠v.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah¿ ]d-™p: eqtXz, Xo¿®bmbpw
Rßƒ ns‚ c£nXmhns‚ ZqX∑mcmWv. Ah¿°v
(Pßƒ°v) ns‚ ASptØs°-Ømmhn√. BIbm¬ o
cm{Xnbn¬ n∂p≈ Hcp bma-Øn¬ ns‚ IpSpw_tØbpw
sIm≠v bm{X ]pds∏´v sIm-≈pI. nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ n∂v
Hcmfpw Xncn™v tm°-cpXv. ns‚ `mcysbmgnsI. Xo¿®bmbpw
Ah¿°v (Pß-ƒ°v) h∂p`hn® in£ Ahƒ°pw h∂p-`hn-
°p∂XmWv. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿°v n›bn® Ah[n {]`m-X-
am-Ip∂p. {]`mXw ASpØv Xs∂bt√?'' (11:81)
ae-°p-Iƒ k¬I¿an-Isf kvtln-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°-p-Iq-
e-ambn {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw, ZpjvI¿an-Isf shdp-°p-Ibpw Ah¿s°-
Xn-cn¬ {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v {]am-W-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°n-
bn-´p-≠v.

thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ hnizmkImcy-ß-fnse kp{]-
[m---amb H∂mWv thZ{KŸ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-kw. A√m-
lp Ah-X-cn-∏n® thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-sf-sbm-s°bpw AwKo-I-
cn--°p--hmpw kXy-s∏-Sp-Øp-hmpw Hcp hnizmkn _m[y-
ÿ-m-Wv. Ah-bn-te-sX-¶n-ep-sam∂v ntj-[n-®m¬ Xs∂
k¿h-Xn-tbpw ntj-[n-®-Xnv Xpey-am-Wv.
hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Smbn A√mlp ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I.
""nßƒ ]dbpI: A√mlphnepw, Ah¶¬ n∂v R-
ß-ƒ°v AhXcn∏n®p In´nbXnepw, C{_mloanpw C-kv-
am-Cuenpw Ckv-lmJnpw bAvJq_npw bAvJq_v
k¥XnIƒ°pw AhX-cn-∏n-®v sImSpØXnepw, aqkm, Cu-
km F∂nh¿°v ¬Is∏´-Xnepw, k¿Δ {]hmN-I∑m-¿-
°pw AhcpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ n∂v ¬-Is∏´Xn (ktμ-
i-ß-fn)epw Rßƒ hnizkn®ncn°p∂p. Ah-cn¬ B¿°n-
S-bn-epw Rßƒ hnthNw I¬]n°p∂n√. Rßƒ A-
h-∂v (A√m-lphn∂v) Iogv-s]´v Pohn°p-∂hcp-am-Ip-∂p.''
(2:136)
as‰m-cn-SØv A√mlp ]d-bp∂p.
""kXyhnizmknItf, A√mlp-hnepw, Ahs‚
ZqXnepw, Ahs‚ ZqX∂v Ah≥ AhXcn∏n® {KŸØn-
4
A[ymbw

epw apºv Ah≥ AhXcn∏n® {KŸØn-epw nßƒ hnizkn°p-
hn-≥. A√mlp-hnepw, Ahs‚ ae°pIfnepw, Ahs‚ {KŸß-
fnepw Ahs‚ ZqX∑mcnepw, A¥yZnØnepw h√hpw Ahniz-
kn-°p-∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ _-lpZqcw ]ng®p t]mbn-
cn-°p∂p.'' (4:136)
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ F¥v? F¥nv?
Imcp-Wy-hm-mb A√mlp Ahs‚ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ `mK-ambn
krjvSn-Iƒ°v am¿K-Z¿i-hpw Cl-]c hnP-b-Øns‚ am¿K-tc-
J-I-fp-ambn hnhn[ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-f-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-≠v. aqkm _n
°v Ah-X-cn® XudmØpw ZmhqZv _n °v e`n® k_qdpw
Cukm °v In´nb C©oepw Ahbn¬s]-´-Xm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn-
ep≈ ssZhnI{KŸ-ß-fpsS Ah-km-sØ thZ-amWv hnip≤
Izp¿-B≥.
A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p. ""Ah≥ Cu thZ{KŸsØ ap≥
thZßsf icn-sh°p∂Xmbns°m≠v kXyhpambn n°v
AhXcn∏n®p X∂ncn°p∂p. Ah≥ XudmØpw C≥Poepw
AhXcn-∏n®p. CXnp apºv; apjy¿°v am¿KZ-¿iØnmbn´v
kXymk-XyhnthN--Ønp≈ {]amWhpw Ah≥ AhXcn-∏n®n-
cn-°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp-hns‚ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ntj-
[n®hcmtcm Ah¿°v ITnamb in£bmWp≈Xv. A√mlp
{]Xm]nbpw in£mS]Sn kzoIcn°p∂hpamIp∂p.'' (3:3,4)
hnhn[ Ime-ß-fn-embn hyXykvX P-k-aq-l-ß-fn-te°v Ah-
X-cn-®-h-bmWv Ch-sb-¶nepw ASn-ÿm Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]c-kv]cw
tbmPn-°p-∂-h-bmWv ssZhnI {KŸ-ß-sfm-s°-bpw. F∂m¬
hni-Z-amb nban¿tZ-i-ß-fnepw I¿am-p-jvTm--ß-fnepw hyXym-
k-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. XnI®pw ssZhn-I-amb Dt±iye-£y-ßfpw
bp‡ncl-ky-ß-fp-a-p-k-cn-®mWv Ah-bpsS Ah-X-c-Whpw Ah-
bnse hyXym-k-ß-fpw.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""(_ntb) n-°nXm kXy{]Imcw
thZ{KŸw Ah-Xcn∏n®v X∂ncn°p∂p. AXns‚ apºn-ep≈
thZ{KŸßsf icnsh°p∂Xpw Ahsb ImØp-c£n-°p-∂-
Xp-as{X AXv. AXnm¬ o Ah¿°nSbn¬ mw AhXcn∏n®v

X∂Xpkcn®v hn[n-I¬]n°pI. n°v h∂pIn´nb kXy-
sØ hn´v o AhcpsS X∂njvSßsf ]n≥]‰nt]mIcpXv.
nßfn¬ Hmtcm hn`mKØnpw Hmtcm nba{Iahpw I¿-Ω-
am¿Khpw mw nivNbn®v X∂ncn-°p∂p. A√mlp Dt±in-®n-
cps∂¶n¬ nßsf Ah≥ Hscm‰ kapZm-bam-°p-ambncp∂p.
]s£ nßƒ°h≥ ¬In-bn´p≈Xn¬ nßsf ]co£n-
°phm≥ (Ah≥ Dt±in°p∂p.) AXnm¬ √ Imcyßfnte°v
nßƒ aXvkcn®v apt∂dpI. A√mlphn¶te°s{X nß-fp-
sS-sb√mw aS°w. nßƒ `n∂n-®n-cp∂ hnjbßsf∏‰n At∏m-
f-h≥ nßƒ°v Adnbn®v Xcp∂XmWv.'' (5:48)
{kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-p-amb A√m-lp-hn¬ n-∂p≈ am¿K-
Z¿i--am-Ip∂ Ahs‚ thZn¿tZ-i-ßƒ icn-bmb cq]-Øn¬
a- n-em°n ]n≥]-‰pI F∂-Xv k¿h ∑-I-fn-te°pw imizX
hnP-b-Øn-te°pw kam-[m--]q¿W-amb Po-hn--X-Øn-te°pw ap-
jy-cm-insb ssI]n-Sn-®m--bn-°p∂ al-Ømb Ap-{K-l-am-Wv.
Ah GsX-¶nepw apjyakvXn-jvI-Øn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bi-
b-ßfpw ktμ-i-ß-fp-a-√. Ah FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ G¬]n-
°-s∏´ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°p-t]mepw AXn¬ ssI IS-Øp-hmtm
am‰w hcp-Øp-hmtm A¿l-X-bn-√. k¿-h-kzhpw ]S®p ]cn-]m-
en-°pIbpw k¿-h Ncm-N-c-ßƒ°pw icn-bmb am¿K-Z¿iw
¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX ]S-®-hs‚ hm°p-Ifpw D]-tZ-i-ß-fp-am-W-
h. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah ]d-™p-X-cp∂ hnizm-k-˛-B-Nm-c-˛-
kw-kvIm-c-˛-kz-`m-hmZn k¿hXpw kzoI-cn®v Ah-bv°-p-k-cn®v
PohnXw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ap-jy≥ _m[y-ÿ-m-Wv. ]s£,
ssZhnI {KŸ-ß-sfbpw ssZh ZqX-∑m-scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-Itbm
kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNømsX ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw Ah-tl-fn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvX-h¿ Ncn-{X-Øn-e--h-[n-bp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AØ-c-°m-
cpsS hgn-tI-Sns‚ Zpc-¥-ßƒ Cu temIØv Xs∂ Hcp-]s£
Ah¿ Ap-`-hn-t®-°mw. ]mc-{XnIPohn-X-Øn¬ GXm-bmepw
Ah¿°v c£tbm kam-[m-tam D≠m-bn-cn-°n-s√-∂Xv {kjvSm-
hns‚ Xs∂ ap∂-dn-bn-∏m-Wv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""A√mlphns‚ ZrjvSm¥ßsf∏‰n
X¿°n°p∂hcpsS t¿°v o tm°n-bnt√? FßsbmWv

Ah¿ hyXnNen-∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv F∂v. thZ{KŸ-sØ-bpw, mw
ΩpsS ZqX∑msc Ab®Xv Fs¥mcp ZuXyw sIm≠mtWm
AXn-sbpw ntj[n®p If™hcs{X Ah¿. F∂m¬ hgnsb
Ah¿ Adn™p sIm≈pw. AsX; AhcpsS IgpØpI-fn¬
Ipcp°pIfpw NßeIfpambn Ah¿ hen®ng°s∏Sp∂ kμ-
¿`w. Np´p-Xnf°p∂ sh≈ØneqsS. ]n∂oSv Ah¿ cIm-Kvn-
bn-¬ Fcn°-s∏SpI-bpw sNøpw.'' (40:69-˛72)
thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn-epsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ sXfn-hp-Ifpw n¿tZ-
i-ßfpw Ah-K-Wn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°v ]mc-{XnIPohn-X-Øn¬
Ah FXn¿tc-J-bmbn hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ ncØn c£-
s∏-Sm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-hn[w A√mlp sXfn-hp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°p-I-
bmWv Ah-bn-eq-sS.
A{]-Im-cw-Xs∂ ssZhn-I-amb n¿-tZ-i-ß-f-h-X-cn-∏n-°p∂
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßsf ]n≥]-‰p∂ P-ßƒ°v B ∑-bpsS ASn-Ø-
d-bn¬ sFIy-s∏-Sp-hmpw On{Z-Iƒ C√m-Xm-°mpw km[n-°p-
∂-Xm-Wv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""apjy¿ Hscm‰ kapZmbam-bncp-∂p. A¥cw (Ah¿ `n∂n-
®-t∏mƒ hnizm-knIƒ°v) kt¥mjhm¿Ø Adnbn-°p-hm-pw,
(ntj-[nIƒ°v) Xm-°oXv ¬Iphmpambn A√mlp {]hm-N-
I-∑m-sc ntbmKn®p. Ah¿ (P-ßƒ) `n∂n® hnjbØn¬
Xo¿-∏p-I¬-]n°phmmbn AhcpsS IqsS kXy-thZhpw Ah≥
Ab-®p-sImSpØp. F-∂m-¬ thZw ¬Is∏´h¿ Xs∂ hyIv-
X-amb sXfn-hpIƒ h∂pIn´nbXnp tijw AXn¬
(thZhnjbØn¬) `n∂n-®n´p≈Xv Ah¿ XΩnep≈ amXv-kcyw
aqea√msX as‰m-∂p-sIm≠pa√. F∂m¬ GsXmcp kXyØn¬
n∂v Ah¿ `n∂n-®-I∂pthm B kXyØn-te°v A√mlp Xs‚
Xm¬]cy{]Imcw kXy-hnizmknIƒ°v hgn ImWn®p. Xm≥
Dt±in°p∂hsc A√mlp icnbm-b ]mXbnte°v bn°p∂p.''
(2:213)
oXn-n-jvT-amb hn[n-Ifpw X¿° ]cn-lm-c-ßfpw thZ-{K-
ŸsØ Ah-ew-_n-°p∂ P-ßƒ°v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ km[y-am-
Wv. ∑-˛-Xn-∑-Iƒ Fs¥∂v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]d-™p-X-cmpw

yq-X-Ifpw Aym-b-ßfpw Ie-cmØ kphy-‡-amb nb-a-
ßfpw n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ap-jy¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ B[n-
Im-cnI tcJ-bmbn ssZhnI{KŸw ne-sIm-≈p-tºmƒ B P-
X-bv°p-≠m-Ip∂ kzÿ-Xbpw kam-[m-hpw An¿h-N-o-b-am-
bn-cn-°pw. tsc-a-dn®v ssZhnI {KŸ-ßsf am‰n-n¿Øn-s°m≠v
ap-jy-cn-te°v {]kvXpX hnj-b-ßfpw X¿°-ßfpw G¬]n-
°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS ]cn-lm-c-ß-fnepw hn[n Xo¿]p-I-fnepw
]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ amp-jnIZu¿_-ey-ß-fp-ap-≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-
I-am-Wv. `uXnI {]Xybimkv{X-ß-fpsS Ipd-hp-Ifpw ]cm-P--b-
ßfpw Ahn-sS-bmWv mw ImWp-∂-Xv.
{]hm-N-IXzhmZ-hp-ambn hcp∂ ssZ-h-Zq-Xs‚ kXy-X-°p≈
Hcp DØa tcJ-Iq-Sn-bmWv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn-s‚ ]°-
ep≈ thZ-{K-Ÿw.
Izp¿-B≥ A¥na thZ-{KŸw
{kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-p-amb A√m-lp Ah-X-cn-∏n® thZ-
{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ Ah-km--tØ-XmWv hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥. ssZhn-I-
sa∂v AXv kzbw Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.
""Xo¿®bmbpw CXv (Izp¿B≥) tem-I-c£nXmhv
AhXcn∏n®Xv Xs∂bm-Ip∂p. hnizkvXmXvamhv (Pn_vco¬)
AXpw sIm≠v Cdßnbncn°p∂p. ns‚ lrZbØn¬. o
Xm°oXv ¬Ip∂-hcpsS Iq´Ønembncn°phm≥ th≠n-bs{X
AXv. kv]jvSamb Ad_n `mj-bn-e-mWv (AXv AhXcn∏n®Xv.)''
(26:192-˛195)
""Aen^v˛emw˛aow Cu {KŸØns‚ AhXcWw k¿Δ-temI-
c£nXmhn¶¬ n∂mIp∂p. CXn¬ bmsXmcp kwib-hpan√.''
(32:1-˛2)
(36:1-˛5, 39:1, 40:1-˛2, 41:1˛3, 41:42, 45:1˛2, 46:1-˛2, 56:80, 69:43) XpS-
ßnb hN--ßƒ ImWp-I.
AXns‚ ssZhn-I-X-bn¬ kwi-bn-°p-∂-h-tcm-Smbn Izp¿-B≥
S-Ønb i‡-amb sh√p-hnfn q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS
I¿W]pS-ß-fn¬ B-™--Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ct∂mfw
B sh√p-hnfn ss[cy-k-taXw Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Bcpw Xøm-dm-bn-

ń-√.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""(_ntb,) ]d-bp-I: Cu Izp¿B≥
t]msem∂v sIm≠v hcp∂Xn∂mbn apjycpw Pn∂pIfpw
H∂n®ptN¿∂mepw Xo¿®bmbpw AXp-t]msem∂v Ah¿ sIm≠v
hcnIbn√. Ahcn¬ Nne¿ Nne¿°v ]n¥pW ¬-Ip∂Xmbm¬
t]mepw.'' (17:88)
Izp¿-B-ns t]msemcp {KŸw sIm≠p-h-cm≥ km[y-a-s√-
¶n¬, th≠ AXn-ep≈ 114 A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ 10 FÆ-Ønv kam-
-am-bsX¶nepw sIm≠p-hcq F∂v Izp¿-B≥ Bh¿Øn®v sh√p-
hn-fn-°p-∂p.
""AX√, At±lw AXv sIń®a®p F∂mtWm Ah¿
]dbp∂Xv? ]dbpI: F∂m¬ CXpt]sebp≈ ]Øv A≤ym-
bßƒ Na®p≠m°nbXv nßƒ sIm-≠v hcq. A√mlphnv
]pdsa nßƒ°v km[n°p∂hscsb√mw nßƒ hnfn®p-
sIm≈pIbpw sNøpI. nßƒ kXyhm-∑mcmsW¶n¬.'' (11:13)
nc-£-c-mb apl-ΩZv _n bp-sS mhn-eqsS temIw {i-
hn-® Cu hN--ßƒ°v Xpey-ambn Xp—-amb hN--ß-sf-¶nepw
sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ kmlnXyXºp-cm-°-∑m-tcm-SmWv Izp¿-B≥ sh√p-
hn-fn-®-Xv. F∂n´pw Ah¿°Xv tcn-Sm≥ km[n-®n-√.
ho≠pw Hcp-]-Sn-IqSn Cd-ßn-s®-∂p-sIm≠v Izp¿-B≥ AXns‚
sh√p-hnfn H∂p-IqSn i‡-ambn Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p.
""ΩpsS Zmkv mw AhXcn∏n®p-sImSpØXns (hnip≤
Izp¿Bs) ]‰n nßƒ kwibmep°fmsW¶n¬ A-Xn-s‚Xv
t]mep≈ Hcp A[ym-bsa¶nepw nßƒ sIm≠phcnI. A√m-
lphnv ]pdsa nßƒ°p≈ klm-bnItfbpw hnfn®p-
sIm≈pI. nßƒ kXyhm∑mcmsW¶n¬ (AXmWt√m
th≠Xv).'' (2:23)
""AX√, At±lw (_n) AXv sIń-®-a-®XmWv F∂mtWm
Ah¿ ]dbp-∂Xv? (_ntb,) ]dbpI: F∂m¬ AXn-∂v
Xpeyamb Hcp A≤ymbw nß-ƒ sIm≠p hcq. A√mlphnv
]pdsa nßƒ°v km[n°p∂hscsb√mw hnfn®psIm≈pIbpw
sNøpI. nßƒ kXyhm∑mcmsW¶n¬.'' (10:38)

AXnv km[y-a-s√∂v Xd-∏n®v ]d-™ Izp¿-B≥ i‡-amb
Hmtcm Xm-°o-Xpw FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ°v ¬Ip-∂p-≠v.
""nßƒ°Xv sNøm≥ Ign™ns√-¶n¬ nßƒ°Xv Hcn-
°epw sNøm≥ Ign-bpIbpan√ apjycpw I√pIfpw C‘-
ambn IØn°-s∏Sp∂ cImKv-n-sb nßƒ ImØp-kq£n-
®p-sIm-≈pI. kXyntj[nIƒ°pth≠n Hcp-°nsh°-s∏´-
XmIp∂p AXv.'' (2:24)
{kjvSmhpw c£n-Xm-hp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ A¥n-a-th-Z-amb
hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥ GsX-¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI hn`m-K-Øntm
tZi°m¿t°m am{X-am-bp-≈-X-√. {]XypX k¿h-cn-te-°p-am-bp≈
k¿-h-temIc£n-Xm-hns‚ ktμ-i-a-s{X-b-Xv.
""Pßƒ°v am¿KZ¿iambns°m-≠pw, t¿hgn
Im´p∂Xpw kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw th¿Xncn®p ImWn°p∂Xp-
am-b kphyIvX sXfnhpIfmbns°m-≠pw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥
AhXcn∏n°-s∏´ amkamIp∂p daZm≥.'' (2:185)
(3:138), (14:52), (17:89), (18:54), (30:58) apX-emb kq‡-ßƒ
ImWp-I. Izp¿-B--≥ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-hmpw D‰m-tem-Nn-°p-
hmpw Blzmw sNøp∂ Izp¿-B≥ AXns‚ hN--ßƒ XΩn-
ep≈ tN-¿-®bpw Bi-b-s∏m-cp-Øhpw AXn-s‚ ssZhn-I-X-°p≈
as‰mcp ZrjvSm-¥-am-bn FSp-Øp-Im-´p-∂p.
""Ah¿ Izp¿Bns∏‰n Nn¥n°p-∂n-t√? AXv A√mlp
A√mØhcpsS ]°¬ n∂p≈Xmbncps∂¶n¬ Ah-cXn¬
[mcmfw sshcp[yw Is≠Øpam-bncp∂p.'' (4:82)
ssII-S-Øepw am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw kw`-hn® ap≥th-Z-ß-
fpsS ASn-ÿm-B-i-b-ßsf kwc-£n-°p-∂Xpw k∑m¿-KZ-
¿inbpw ssZhn-Im-p-{K-l-hp-amWv hnip-≤ Izp¿-B≥.
""(_ntb,) n°nXm kXy{]Imcw thZ{KŸw AhX-cn-
∏n®v X∂ncn°p∂p. AXns‚ apºnep≈ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßsf icn-
sh-°p∂Xpw Ahsb ImØpc£n°p∂Xpas{X AXv. AXn-
m-¬ o Ah¿°nSbn¬ mw AhXcn∏n®v X∂Xpkcn®v
hn[n-I¬]n°pI. n°v h∂pIn´nb kXy-sØ hn´v o Ah-
cp-sS X∂njvSßsf ]n≥]‰nt]mIcpXv. nßfn¬ Hmtcm hn`mK-

Ønpw Hmtcm nba{Iahpw I¿Ω-am¿-Khpw mw nivNbn®v
X∂n-cn°p∂p. A√mlp Dt±in-®n-cp-s∂-¶n-¬ nßsf Ah≥
Hscm-‰ kapZmbam°pambncp∂p. ]s£ nßƒ°h≥ ¬In-
bn´p-≈Xn¬ nßsf ]co-£n-°p-hm-≥ (Ah≥ Dt±in°p∂p.)
AXn-m¬ √ Imcyßfnte°v nßƒ aXvkcn®v apt∂dpI.
A√mlphn¶te°s{X nßfp-sS-sb√mw aS°w. nßƒ
`n∂n®ncp∂ hnjbßsf∏‰n At∏m-f-h≥ nßƒ°v Adnbn®v
Xcp∂XmWv.'' (5:48)
""A√mlphnv ]pdsa (a‰mcmepw) Cu Izp¿B≥ sIń®-
abv°-s∏Smhp∂-X√. {]XypX AXns‚ apºp≈ Znhyk-tμ-
isØ kXys∏SpØp∂Xpw, ssZhn-I-{]amWØns‚ hn-
iZoIcWhpas{X AXv. AXn¬ bmsXmcp kwibhpan√.
temIc£nXmhn¶¬ n∂p≈XmWXv.'' (10:37)
InS-b‰ [m¿an-I-Xbpw kZm-Nm-c-hp-amWv Izp¿-B≥ am-h-cm-
in-°p -ap-ºn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Izp¿-B≥ njn-≤-am-°nb h√Xpw
apjykaq-l-Ønv ∑-bpw DØ-a-hp-amWv Ft∂m Izp¿-B≥
Ap-h-Zn® h√Xpw tZmj-I-c-amb-Xnm-¬ hne-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-
∂p-sht∂m hkv-Xp-n-jvT-ambn hna¿in-°m≥ Ct∂mfw B¿°pw
km[n-®n-ń-√.
A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p: ""Xo¿®bmbpw Cu Izp¿B≥ G‰-hpw
icnbmbXnte°v hgn ImWn°p-I-bpw, k¬I¿Ωßƒ
{]h¿Øn°p∂ kXyhnizm-kn-Iƒ°v henb {]Xnê-ap≠v
F∂ kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Adnbn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.'' (17:9)
""A√mlp Xs‚ s]mcpØw tXSnb-hsc AXv aptJ
kam[mØns‚ hgnIfnte°v bn°p∂p. Xs‚ DØc-hv
aptJ Ahsc A‘Imcßfn¬ n∂v Ah≥ {]ImiØnte°v
sIm≠p-h-cp-Ibpw, tcmb ]mXbnte°v Ah-sc bn°pIbpw
sNøp∂p.'' (5:16)
ap≥thZ-ßƒ°v kw`-hn-®-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ ssII-S-Ø-ep-I-
fn¬n∂v kwc-£n-®v A¥y-mƒ hsc-bp≈ k¿h ap-jy¿°pw
am¿K-Z¿iI{KŸ-ambn Izp¿-B-ns ne-n¿Øp-sa∂pw
A√mlp kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Adn-bn-®n-´p-≠v.

""Xo¿®bmbpw mamWv B D¬t_m-[w AhXcn∏n®Xv.
Xo¿®bmbpw mw AXns ImØpkq£n°p∂XpamWv.'' (15:9)
ap≥ thZ-ßƒs°¥v kw`-hn®p?
Hmtcm {]tXyI ImeL-´-Øn-te°v am{X-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p ap≥
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-f-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥
temIm-h-kmw hsc-bp≈ k¿h P-ß-fn-te-°p-ambn Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°-s∏´ A¥na thZ-{K-Ÿ-am-Wv.
Izp¿-B-ns‚ Ah-X-c-W-tØmsS ap≥th-Z-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS Ime-
]-cn-[nbpw ZuXyhpw Ah-km-n-®p.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p ""CXnp apºv; apjy¿°v am¿K-Z¿i--
Ønmbn´v kXymkXyhnthNØnp-≈ {]am-Whpw Ah≥
AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlphns‚ ZrjvSm-¥-
ßƒ ntj[n®hcmtcm Ah¿°v ITn-amb in£bmWp≈Xv.
A√mlp {]Xm-]nbpw in£mS]Sn kzoIcn°p∂hp-am-Ip∂p.
`qanbntem BImitØm D≈ bm-sXmcp Imcyhpw A√mlphn∂v
Ahy-IvXambnt∏mIpIbn√; Xo¿®.'' (3:4,5)
ap≥ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßsf G¬]n-°-s∏´ kaq-l-ßƒ Ah-tbmSv
th≠-t]mse oXn ]pe¿Øn-bn-√m-sb∂v am{X-a-√, Ah-bn¬
ssII-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ S-Øp-Ibpw kzm¿YXm¬]-cy-ßƒ°-p-k-
cn®v Zp¿hym-Jym-n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
""F∂m¬ kz¥w ssIIƒ sIm≠v {KŸw FgpXn-bp-≠m-
°pIbpw F∂n´v A-Xv A√mlphn¶¬ n∂v e`n®XmsW-∂v
]dbpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°mIp∂p m-iw. AXv aptJ hne
Ipd™ t´-ßƒ IckvYam°m≥ th≠nbmIp∂p (Ah-cnXv
sNøp∂Xv.) AhcpsS ssI-Iƒ FgpXnb hIbnepw Ah¿
kºmZn-°p∂ hIbnepw Ah¿°v miw.'' (2:79)
XudmØv kzoIcn°m≥ NpaXe G¬]n°s∏SpIbpw,
F∂n´v AXv Gs‰Sp°mXncn°pIbpw sNbvXhcpsS (blq-Zcp-
sS) DZm-l-cWw {KŸßƒ Npa°p∂ IgpXbptSXv t]mse-
bmIp∂p. A√mlp-hns‚ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ntj[n®p If™
PßfpsS D]a F{Xtbm NoØ! A{IanIfmb Pßsf
A√mlp k∑m¿KØnem°pIbn√''. (62:5)

Izp¿-B≥ ]d™ Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ qdp-i-X-am-hpw icn-
sh-°p-∂-XmWv C∂v ne-hn-ep≈ ap≥ thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-tS-Xmbn
]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ {KŸ-ß-fpsS tIm-∏nIƒ apgp-h-pw. njv]-£hpw
hkvXp-n-jvT-hp-ambn Ah ]T--hn-t[-b-am-Ip∂ B¿°pw CXv
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]c-kv]c sshcp[y-amb hN--ßfpw Bi-
b-s∏m-cp-Ø-an-√mØ hnh-c-W-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ ImWmw. ap-jy-
¿°v amXr-Ibpw k∑m¿K-Z¿in-I-fp-ambn ssZh-Øm¬ ntbm-
Kn-X-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑msc t]mepw Zp¿am¿Kn-Ifpw sIm≈-cp-Xm-
Ø-h-cp-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ hN--ßƒ Ah-bn¬ ImWp∂p
F∂Xv F¥p-am{Xw hntcm-[m-`m-k-a√!
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßsf `‡n-bm-Z-c-thmsS kao-]n-°mpw P-ß-sf
DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥.
""Fs‚ D¬t_m[sØ hn´v h√h-pw Xncn™pIfbp∂
]£w Xo¿®bm-bpw Ah∂v CSpßnb Hcp PohnXam-Wp-≠mbn-
cn-°pI. Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns‚ mfn¬ Ahs mw A‘-
m-b nebn-¬ Fgpt∂¬]n®v sIm≠v hcp∂Xpam-Wv. Ah≥
]dbpw: Fs‚ c£nXmth, o F¥nmsWs∂ A‘mb
ne-bn-¬ Fgpt∂¬]n®v sIm≠v h∂Xv? Rm-≥ ImgvN-bp-≈-h-
m-bncp∂t√m! A√m-lp ]dbpw: AßsXs∂bmIp∂p. n-
-°v ΩpsS ZrjvSm¥ßƒ hs∂Øp-I-bp≠mbn. F∂n´v o
AXv ad∂p-If™p. AXv t]mse C∂v obpw hnkv-acn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂p.'' (20:124-˛126)
AXn-m¬, ssII-S-Ø-ep-I-fn¬n-∂pw kpc-£n-Xhpw qdp-
i-X-am-hpw ssZhn-I-sa∂v Dd-∏p-≈-Xp-amb A¥na thZ-{KŸw
hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥ am{X-am-Wv. AX-p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-I-bmWv
tam-£-Øn-s‚bpw hnP-b-Øn-s‚bpw am¿Kw. ssZhn-I-amb am¿K-
n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ]Tn-®-dn™v ]n≥]-‰p-hmpw AXp-hgn imiz-X-
amb kam-[m-hpw hnP-bhpw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-hmpw k¿h-i-‡≥
XpW-°s´! Bao≥

ssZhZqX∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw
ap-jy≥ `uXn-I-ambn F{X-Xs∂ ]ptcm-K-an-®mepw
ssZ-hn-I am¿K-Z¿iw Ahv An-hm-cy-am-Wv. kXyhpw
Ak-Xy-hpw [¿ahpw A[¿ahpw th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥
hyXykvX n-e-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ apjy_p≤nt°m Nn¥-
Iƒt°m km[y-a-√. ÿe-˛-Im-e-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-°-s∏´
ap-jyv Ah-bn-¬-n∂v ap‡-ambn Nn¥n-°p-hmpw Imcy-
ßƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-hmpw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ apjy_p≤n-bn¬ n-∂p-cp-Øn-cn-bp∂
[m¿anIn¿tZ-i-ßƒ°v ÿe-˛-Im-e-ß-fp-sS kzm[o--ap-
≠m-hpI kzm`m-hnIw am{Xw. km¿h-Im-en-I-hpw km¿h-P-
o--hp-amb Ip‰-a‰ am¿Kn¿tZ-i-ßƒ ¬Im≥ a-p-jy≥
Ai-‡-m-Wv. hnhm-lhpw hy`n-Nm-chpw XΩn-ep≈ hy-
Xymkw Ahv hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI {]bm-k-am-Wv. H∂v hnip-
≤hpw at‰Xv Ahnip-≤-hp-sa∂v {]Jym-]n-°m≥ Ahv
km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Ahn-sS-bmWv ssZhnI am¿KZ¿i--
Øns‚ {]-k-‡n.
ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿iw
Hmtcm Pohn°pw ne-n¬]n-m-h-iy-amb P∑-hm-k--
5
A[ymbw

Ifpw Znim-t_m-[hpw ¬Inb {kjvSmhv Xs∂ ap-jypw
am¿K-n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ¬Ip-I-sb-∂Xv {kjvSm-hns‚ Ap-{K-lhpw
Imcp-Wy-hp-am-Wv. sΩ krjvSn® A√m-lp- X-s∂-bm-Wv mw
Fßs Pohn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-™p-X-cm≥ A-¿-l-pw tbmKy-pw.
Ahs‚ CjvSm-n-jvS-ßƒ a- n-em-°m-pw Ahv Fßs
Bcm-[--I-f¿]n-°-W-sa-∂-dn-bmpw a-p-jy-_p≤n Ai-‡-am-
Wv. Xm≥ Fhn-sS-n∂v h∂p? Ftßm´v t]mIp∂p? Fßs
Pohn-°Ww? Fs∂m-s°-bp≈ A-Sn-ÿmtNmZy-ßƒ°v IrXy-
amb Hcp DØcw ¬Imtm X-s‚ hnem-khpw Pohn-X-e-£yhpw
n¿W-bn-°p-hmtm ∑˛-Xn-∑-Isf hyh-tO-Zn-°p-hmtm
ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿iw Iq-SmsX km[y-a√ Xs∂.
Imcp-Wy-hm-mb A√mlp Ah-n-d-°nb thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-eq-
sSbpw Ah--b® ZqX-∑m-cn-eq-sSbpw AXv ¬In.
""ae°pIfn¬ n∂pw apjycn¬ n∂pw A√mlp ZqX∑msc
sXcs™Sp°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp tI-ƒ-°p∂hpw
ImWp∂hpas{X.'' (22:75)
B {]hm-N-I-∑msc Adn-bepw AwKo-I-cn-°epw ap-jy-cpsS
_m[y-Xbpw c£m-am¿K-hp-am-Wv. ap-jy-cn¬n∂v Xs∂ amXr-
Ibpw am¿K-Z¿i--hp-ambn ZqX-∑msc Ab-°p-I-hgn hfsc henb
Ap-{K-l-amWv A√mlp ap-jy-cm-in°v sN-bvX-Xv. A√mlp
]d-bp∂p:
""Xo¿®bmbpw kXyhnizmknIfn¬ Ahcn¬ n∂v X-s∂-
bp≈ Hcp ZqXs ntbmKn°pI hgn A√mlp al-Øm--b
Ap{KlamWv Ah¿°v ¬Inbn´p≈Xv. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚
ZrjvSm¥ßƒ Ah¿°v HmXntIƒ]n°pIbpw, Ahsc
kwkvIcn°pIbpw, Ah¿°p {KŸhpw PvRmhpw ]Tn∏n-
°pI-bpw sNøp∂ (Hcp ZqXs). AhcmIs´ apºv hy-IvXamb
hgntISn¬ Xs∂bmbncp∂p.'' (3:164)
ssZhnI ktμ-i-ß-fp-ambn F√m kaq-l-ß-fn-te°pw A-
√mlp ZqX-∑msc Ab-®n-´p-≠v.
""Xo¿®bmbpw Hmtcm kapZmbØnepw mw ZqXs ntbm-
Kn-®n´p≠v. nßƒ A√mlpsh Bcm[n°pIbpw, Zp¿aq-¿-Øn-

I-sf shSnbpIbpw sNøWw F∂v ({]t_m[w sNøp∂Xnv
th≠n.) F∂n´v Ahcn¬ Nnesc A√mlp t-¿hgnbnem°n.
Ah-cn¬ NnecpsS ta¬ hgntISv kv-Yn-c-s∏-SpIbpw sNbvXp.
BIbm¬ nßƒ `qanbneqsS S∂n´v n-tj[n®p-X≈n-°f-
™-hcpsS ]cyhkmw F-{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v tm°pI.''
(16:36)
""Ahnizkn®hcmtcm Ah¿°mWv cImKvn. AhcpsS
ta¬ (acWw) hn[n°s∏Sp∂X√. F¶n¬ Ah¿°v a-cn-°m-
ambncp∂p. AXnse in£bn¬ n∂v H´pw Ah¿°v C-f-
hpsNøs∏SpIbpan√. A{]Imcw F√m μnsI´h¿°pw mw
{]Xn^ew ¬Ip∂p.'' (35:36).
Ahsc ]n≥]-‰¬ Hmtcm P-X-bp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bs{X!
Hcp-]‰w {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ FSp-Øp-]-d™ ti-j-w
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""AhscbmWv A√mlp t¿hgnbnem°nbn´p≈Xv. A-Xn-
m¬ AhcpsS t¿am¿KsØ o ]n¥pS¿∂v sIm≈pI.
(_ntb) ]dbpI: CXns‚ t]cn¬ bmsXmcp {]Xn^ehpw
Rm-≥ nßtfmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂n√. CXv temI¿°v th-≠n-
bp≈ Hcp D-Zvt_m[a√msX as‰m∂pa√.'' (6:90)
BcmWv {]hm-N-I-∑m¿?
ap-jy¿°v am¿K-Z¿iw ¬Ip-∂-Xn-p-th≠n Ah-cn¬n∂v
Xs∂ A√mlp sXs™-SpØ kXy-k-‘cpw k-¬-kz-`m-hn-I-
fp-amb alm-∑m-cmWv {]hm-N-I-∑m¿. A√m-lp-hns‚ Ap-{K-
lhpw HuZm-cy-hp-sa∂ ne-bn¬ Ah≥ -¬-Ip-∂-XmWv {]hm-
N-I-Xzw. A√msX ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn-eqsS tSm-m-hp-∂-X√ AXv.
A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p.
""ns‚ c£nXmhv Xm≥ Dt±in°p∂Xv krjvSn°pIbpw,
(C-jvSap≈Xv) sXcs™Sp°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Ah¿°v sX-c-
s™Sp°phm≥ A¿lXbn√. A√mlp F{Xtbm ]-cn-ip-≤-pw,
Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xns√mw AXoXp-ambn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (28:68)
ssZhnI ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw AwKo-I-cn-°msX

Zp¿ym-b-ßƒ ncØn iTn-®p-n-∂-h-tcmSv Izp¿-B≥ {]Xn-I-cn-
®-Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
""Ah¿°v h√ ZrjvSm¥hpw h∂m¬, A√mlphns‚ Zq-X-
∑m¿°v ¬Is∏´Xv t]mep≈Xv Rßƒ°pw e-`n-°p-∂-Xv hsc
Rßƒ hnizkn°pItb C√ F∂mbncn°pw Ah¿ ]dbpI.
F∂m¬ A√mlphn∂v √hÆadnbmw; X-s‚ ZuXyw
FhnsSbmWv G¬]nt°≠sX∂v. Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬
G¿s]´h¿°v Xßƒ {]tbmKn®ncp∂ IpX-{¥-Øn-s‚ ^eambn
A√mlphn¶¬ loXbpw ITnamb in-£-bpw
h∂p`hn°p∂XmWv.'' (6:124)
""Cu c≠v ]´Wßfn¬ n∂p≈ GsX¶nepw Hcp
alm]pcpjs‚ ta¬ F¥psIm≠v Cu Izp¿B≥ AhXcn-
∏n°s∏´n√ F∂pw Ah¿ ]d™p. AhcmtWm ns‚
c£nXmhns‚ Ap{Klw ]¶v sh®p sImSp°p∂Xv? mamWv
sFlnIPohnXØn¬ Ah¿°nSbn¬ AhcpsS PohnXam¿Kw
]¶v sh®psImSpØXv. Ahcn¬ Nne¿°v Nnesc Iogmfcm°n
sh°Ø°hÆw Ahcn¬ Nnesc a‰p Nnesc°mƒ D]cn mw
]e ]SnIƒ Db¿ØpIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. ns‚
c£nXmhns‚ ImcpWyamIp∂p Ah¿ tiJcn®p
sh°p∂Xns°mƒ DØaw.'' (43:31-˛32)
Ah¿ amXr-Im-]p-cp-j-∑mcpw kºq¿W ap-jy-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ah-cmcpw ssZhtam ssZhm-h-Xm-c-ßtfm A√. amp-jn-I-amb
]e hnIm-c-ßfpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. tcmKhpw
hni∏pw £oW-hp-sams° Ah¿°v _m[n-®n-cp-∂p. Izp¿-B≥
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-sem-cm-fmb C{_mlnw _n
bpsS hm°p-Iƒ Izp¿-B≥ D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI.
""Fn°v Blmcw XcnIbpw IpSno¿ XcnIbpw sN-øp-
∂h≥. Fn°v tcmKw _m[n®m¬ AhmWv Fs∂ kp-
Js∏SpØp∂Xv. Fs∂ acn∏n°pIbpw ]n∂oSv Po-hn-∏n-°pIbpw
sNøp∂h≥.'' (26:79-˛81).
{]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS-mb apl-ΩZv -_n- °pw
tcmKhpw ad-hn-bp-sams° kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. Ahn-Sp-∂v ]d™p:

""Rm--≥ nßsf t]msemcp ap-jy-m-Ip-∂p. n-ßƒ°v adhn
]‰p-∂-Xp-t]mse Fn°pw adhn kw`-hn-°pw'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkv-
enw)
Ah-cpsS amp-jn-I-amb Cu Ah-ÿ-Iƒ I≠v Ahsc n-
tj-[n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°v Izp¿-B-≥ ]e-
bm-h¿Øn adp-]Sn ¬In-bn-´p-≠v.
""Pßƒ°v k∑m¿Kw h∂t∏mƒ Ah¿ AXv hn-iz-kn-°p-
∂-Xnv XS ambXv, A√mlp Hcp apjys Zq-X-m-bn ntbm-
Kn-®n-cn°pIbmtWm F∂ AhcpsS hm°v am-{X-ambncp∂p.
(_n-tb) ]dbpI: `qanbnep≈Xv im¥cmbn -S∂v t]mIp∂
ae-°pIfmbncps∂¶n¬ Ahcnte°v B-Im-iØv n∂v Hcp
ae°n-s mw ZqXmbn C-d°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.'' (17:-94-˛95)
""Ahcnte°v ntbmKn°s∏´ ZqX∑m¿ ]d™p: B-Im-i-
ß-fpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw krjvSnI¿Ømhmb A-√m-lp-hns‚
Im-cyØnemtWm kwibap≈Xv? nßfpsS ]m-]-ßƒ n-
ßƒ°v s]mdpØpXcmpw, n¿WnXamb Hcp A-h[n hsc n-
ß-ƒ°v kabw o´nØcphmpambn Ah≥ n-ßsf £-Wn-
°p-∂p. Ah¿ (Pßƒ) ]d™p: nßƒ R-ßsf-t∏m-sebp-
≈ apjy¿ am{XamIp∂p. RßfpsS ]n-Xm°ƒ Bcm[n®v
hcp-∂Xn¬ n∂p Rßsf ]n-¥n-cn-∏n-°mmWv nßƒ
Dt±in°p∂Xv. AXnm¬ hyIvXamb h-√ tcJbpw nßƒ
R-ßƒ°v sIm≠v h∂pXcq. AhtcmSv A-hcnte°p≈ ssZh-
ZqX-∑m¿ ]d™p: Rßƒ n-ß-sf-t∏msebp≈ apjy∑m¿
Xs∂bmWv. F¶nepw, A-√m-lp Xs‚ Zmk∑mcn¬ n∂v Xm≥
Dt±-in°p∂htcmSv Hu-Zmcyw ImWn°p∂p. A√mlphns‚
ApaXn {]-Im-c-a-√m-sX nßƒ°v bmsXmcp sXfnhpw sIm≠v
h∂v Xcm≥ R-ßƒ°mhn√. A√mlphns‚ taemWv hnizm-kn-
I-ƒ `-c-ta-¬]nt°≠Xv.'' (14:10,11)
F¥p-sIm≠v ssZhZqX-∑m-cmbn ae-°p-Isf Ab-®n√? F-
∂ ntj-[n-I-fpsS tNmZy-Ønv Izp¿-B≥ ¬Inb adp-]-Snbpw
{it≤-b-am-Wv.
""CbmfpsS (_n bpsS) ta¬ Hcp ae°v C-d-°-s∏-Sm-ØXv

F¥mWv F∂pw Ah¿ ]dbpIbp≠mbn. F∂m¬ mw
ae°ns Cd°nbncps∂¶n¬ Imcyw (A¥naambn)
Xocpamn°s∏Spambncp∂p. ]n∂oSh¿°v kabw o-´n-°n-´p-
ambncp∂n√. Cn mw Hcp ae°ns (ZqXmbn) nivN-bn-
°pIbmsW¶n¬ Xs∂ B ae°nsbpw mw ]p-cp-j-cq-
]Ønem°pambncp∂p. Aßs (C∂v) Ah¿ B-i-b-°p-
g∏ap≠m°p∂ hnjbØn¬ (At∏mgpw) mw Ah¿°v kw-
ibap≠m°p∂XmWv.'' (6:8˛9)
{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ F¥nv?
ssZhZqX-∑mc A√mlp Ab-®-Xnv ]n∂n¬ Nne al-Ømb
e£y-ß-fp-≠v.
1. amXrI:
{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i--a-p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-
h-cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS PohnXw a‰p-≈-h¿°v amXr-I-bm-Wv.
""Xo¿®bmbpw nßƒ°v A√mlphns‚ ZqXn¬ D-Ø-a-
amb amXrIbp≠v. AXmbXv A√mlpshbpw A-¥y-Zn--sØ-
bpw {]Xo£n®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw, A√mlpsh [m-cm-fambn
Hm¿an°pIbpw sNbvXp hcp∂h¿°v.'' (33:21)
XnI™ ap-jy-c-s√-¶n¬ CXv km[y-am-hp-I-bp-an-√.
2. `n∂-X°v ]cn-lmcw:
kaq-l-Ønse `n∂-X-Iƒ°pw ho£W hyXym-k-ß-ƒ-°pw
]cn-lmcw I≠v sFIy-s∏-Sm-p≈ am¿Kw-Iq-Sn-bmWv ssZ-hnI
t_m[{]Imcw P-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Xo¿® I¬]n-°p-∂ {]hm-
N-I-∑m¿. sI´p-d-∏p≈ kaq-l-Ønv An-hm-cy-amb Hcp
am¿Kn¿tZ-i-am-Wn-Xv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""apjy¿ Hscm‰ kapZmbambncp∂p. A¥cw (Ah¿ `n-
∂n--®t∏mƒ hnizmknIƒ°v) kt¥mjhm¿Ø A-dn-bn-°p-hm-
pw, (ntj[nIƒ°v) Xm°oXv ¬Iphmpambn A-√m-lp-{]hm-
NI-∑msc ntbmKn®p. Ah¿ (Pßƒ) `n∂n® hnjbØn¬
Xo¿∏pI¬]n°phmmbn AhcpsS IqsS k-Xy-thZhpw Ah≥
Ab®psImSpØp. F∂m¬ thZw -¬-I-s∏´h¿ Xs∂ hyIvX-

amb sXfnhpIƒ h∂pIn´nbXnp tijw AXn¬ (thZ-hn-j-b-
Øn¬) `n∂n®n´p≈Xv Ah¿ XΩnep≈ amXvkcyw aqea√msX
as‰m∂psIm≠pa√. F-∂m-¬ GsXmcp kXyØn¬ n∂v Ah¿
`n∂n®I∂pthm B kXyØnte°v A√mlp Xs‚ Xm¬-]cy-
{]Imcw k-Xy-hnizmknIƒ°v hgn ImWn®p. Xm≥ Dt±-in-°p-
∂-hsc A-√mlp icnbmb ]mXbnte°v bn°p∂p.'' (2:213)
3. Hgn-I-gnhv ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥:
-∑-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v ssZhnIam¿K-Z¿i--ßƒ°-p-kr-X-am-bn
Pohn-®-h¿°v c£n-Xm-hns‚ {]Xn-^-ew kw_-‘n® k-
t¥mjhm¿Øbpw, Xn∑-I-fpsS h‡m-°-fmbn PohnXw in-
∏n-®-h¿°v hcm-n-cn-°p∂ Zpc-¥-ß-sf-°p-dn® Xm-°o-Xpw
¬Ip∂ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿, ssZhnI hnNm-c-W-bpsS thf-bn¬
bmsXm-cp-hn[ Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ nc-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-hm-≥-th-≠n
A√mlp ÿm]n® i‡-amb sXfn-hp-IƒIq-Sn-bm-Wv. _n
]d-bp∂p: ""A√m-lp-hn-t-°mƒ ymb-amb Hgn-I-gn-hp-Iƒ kzoI-
cn-°m-n-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ as‰m-cm-fp-an-√. A°m-c-W-Øm-emWv Ah≥
kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°p-∂-hcpw ap∂-dn-bn∏v ¬Ip-∂-h-cp-
amb ZqX-∑msc ntbm-Kn-®Xv'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkv-enw).
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""kt¥mjhm¿Ø A-dn-bn-°p-∂-h-cpw,
Xm°oXv ¬Ip∂hcpamb ZqX∑mcmbncp∂p Ah¿. B
ZqX∑m¿°v tijw Pßƒ°v A√mlphnsXncn¬ H-cp
ymbhpw C√mXncn°m≥ th≠nbmWXv. A√mlp {]-Xm-]nbpw
bpIvXnampamIp∂p.'' (4:165)
apl-ΩZv _n -bpsS ntbm-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v C-°m-cyw
H∂p-IqSn Izp¿-B≥ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI.
""thZ°mtc, ssZhZqX∑m¿ hcmsX Hcp CSthf I-gn-™
tijw nßƒ°v (Imcyßƒ) hnhcn®pX∂p sIm≠v -ΩpsS
ZqX≥ CXm nßfpsS ASpØv h∂ncn°p∂p. R-ß-fpsS
ASpØv Hcp kt¥mjhm¿Ø°mctm, Xm-°o-Xp-Im-ctm
h∂n√ F∂v nßƒ ]dbmXncn°m≥ th-≠n-bm-Wn-Xv. AsX,
nßƒ°v kt¥mjhm¿Ø Adnbn°pIbpw, Xm°oXv
¬IpIbpw sNøp∂ Bƒ (CXm) h∂p I-gn-™n-cn°p∂p.

A√mlp GXv ImcyØnpw Ign-hp-≈-h--s{X.'' (5:19)
"Rßƒ Adn-™n-√, tI´n√' F∂v Hcmƒ°v ymb-hm-Z-ß-
ƒ nc-Øm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w FXn¿tcJ-Iƒ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n-
cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v kmcw.
{]hmNI∑mtcmSp≈ ISaIƒ
tam£-Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m--Øn-s‚bpw ]mT-ßƒ ]d-™p-
X∂v ∑-bpsS ]mX-bn-eqsS ssI]n-Sn-®m--bn® kXy-k-‘-
∑mcpw ap-jy-kvt-ln-I-fp-amb ssZh-Zq-X-∑msc kvtln-°p-
Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah-cn-eq-sS e`n® t´w
a‰m-cn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ t´-ß-tf-°mfpw a-l-Ø-c-am-Wv. Ah¿
B ∑-bpsS am¿K-Øn¬ kln® Xym-K-ßƒ°pw IjvS-X-
Iƒ°pw Xpey-X-bn-√. ∑-Iƒ am{Xw k-aq-l-Ønv kΩm-n®
Ah-cn¬ ]e-scbpw kz¥w PX a¿-Zn-°p-Ibpw sIme-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw mSp-I-S-Øp-I-bp-sam-s°-bp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AØcw
ntj-[n-Iƒ°v Cu temI Pohn-X-Ønepw ]mc-{XnIPohn-X-
Ønepw e`n-°p∂ in£sb kw_-‘n®v Izp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-°p-
∂p-≠v.
""ChcpsS apºv qlns‚ PXbpw d pImcpw, YaqZv k-
apZmbhpw kXyw ntj[n°pIbp≠mbn. BZv k-ap-Zm-b-hpw,
^n¿Hupw, eqXzns‚ ktlmZcßfpw, ac-°q-´-ß-ƒ-°n-Sbn¬
hkn®ncp∂hcpw, Xp∫Cs‚ PXbpw. C-h-sc-√mw
ssZhZqX∑msc ntj[n®p X≈n. At∏mƒ (Ahcn¬) F-s‚
Xm°oXv kXyambn ]pe¿∂p.'' (50:12-˛14)
Ah-cpsS al-Xzhpw {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn™ hnizm-kn-
Iƒ as‰-¥n-t-°mfpw Ahsc kvtln-°p-hmpw Ah-cpsS
am¿K-n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ]n≥]-‰p-hmpw _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""kXyhnizmknItf, ]WvUn-X-≥-am-cnepw
]ptcmlnX∑mcnepw s]´ [mcmfw t]¿ P-ß-fp-sS [w Aym-
b-ambn Xn∂pIbpw, A√mlphns‚ am¿K-Øn-¬ n∂v (Ahsc)
XS-bpIbpw sNøp∂p. kz¿Whpw sh-≈n-bpw nt£-]am-°n-
sh-°pIbpw, A√mlphns‚ am-¿-KØn¬ AXv sNe-hgn-°m-
Xncn-°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmtcm A-h¿°v thZtbdnb in£-

sb-∏‰n kt¥mjhm¿Ø A-dn-bn°pI.'' (9:34)
""AhscbmWv A√mlp t¿hgnbnem°nbn´p≈Xv. A-Xn-m-
¬ AhcpsS t¿am¿KsØ o ]n¥pS¿∂v sIm≈pI. (_n-
tb) ]dbpI: CXns‚ t]cn¬ bmsXmcp {]Xn^ehpw Rm-≥
nß-tfmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂n√. CXv temI¿°v th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp
D¬t_m[a√msX as‰m∂pa√.'' (6:90)
Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-
-ßsf ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sp-I-sf∂ ne-bn¬ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw. Ah-bnse bp‡n-c-l-ky-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ km-[n-
®n√ F∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Ahsb ]cn-l-kn-°p-Itbm n-tj-[n-
°p-Itbm sNøm≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√. A√mlp {]hm-N-I-mbn sXc-
s™-Sp-Ø-h-cmbn {]am-W-ßƒ Adn-bn® Hcm-fp-sS -t]mepw {]hm-
N-IXzw ntj-[n-°m-h-X-√. Ah-cn¬ H-cmsf ntj-[n-®m¬
Xs∂ k¿h {]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw ntj-[n-®-Xnv Xpey-am-bn.
BZy-a-p-jypw H∂m-asØ _nbpw BZw _n bm-Wv.
F∂m¬ H∂m-asØ dkq¬ qlv _n -bm-Wv. At±-lsØ
ntj-[n-®-h-sc-°p-dn®v A√mlp ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI.
""qlns‚ PX ssZhZqX∑msc ntj[n®p X≈n.'' (26:105)
A√mlp Ab® {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Nnesc AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
a‰p -Nn-esc ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv XnI™ ntj-[hpw
nμy-amb in£°v A¿l-am-°p∂ Imcy-am-sW∂pw Izp¿-B≥
DW¿Øp∂p.
""A√mlphnepw Ahs‚ ZqX∑mcnepw A-hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw,
(hnizmkImcyØn¬) A√mlphnpw Ahs‚ Zq-X-≥-am¿-
°panSbn¬ hnthNw I¬]n°m≥ B{Kln°pIbpw Rßƒ
Nne-cn--¬ hnizkn°pIbpw, Nnesc n-tj-[n-°p-I-bpw sNøp∂p
F∂v ]dbpIbpw, Aßs AXn∂nSbn¬ (hn-izmkØnpw
AhnizmkØnpanSbn¬) as‰mcp am¿Kw kzo-Icn°m≥
Dt±in°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmtcm, Ah¿ X-s∂-bmIp∂p
bYm¿YØn¬ kXyntj[nIƒ. k-Xy-n-tj-[n-Iƒ°v
A]amIcamb in£ mw Hcp°nsh®n´p≠v.'' (4:150-˛151)
aqkm- -h-sc-bp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑msc AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ti-

-jw h∂ Cukm--_n sbbpw apl-ΩZv _n -sbbpw AwKo-
I-cn-°m-Xn-cn°pIbpw sNbvX PqX-∑m-cp-sSbpw Cukm- -bn¬
hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw apl-ΩZv _n -bn¬ Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvX ss{IkvX-h-cp-sSbpw am¿K-{`wiw CXn¬n∂v hy‡-
am-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ aql-ΩZv _n -bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-sØ-
°p-dn®v tamsi {]hm-N-Ipw tbiphpw kphn-tijadn-bn-®n-cp-
∂-Xmbn ss__nƒ X-s∂bpw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Izp¿-
B≥ Ah-sc-°p-dn®v ]-d-™-sX{X icn!
""mw thZw ¬Inbn´p≈h¿°v kz¥w a°sf A-dn-bm-
hp∂Xv t]mse At±lsØ (dkqens) A-dn-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Xo¿®bmbpw Ahcn¬ Hcp hn`mKw Adn™psIm≠v Xs∂
kXyw ad®psh°pIbmIp∂p.'' (2:146)
""mw thZ{KŸw ¬Inbn´p≈h¿ kz¥w a°sf A-dn-
bp∂Xv t]mse AXv Adnbp∂p≠v. kztZlßsf -jv-S-Øn-
em°nbhcs{X Ah¿. AXnm¬ Ah¿ hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bn√.''
(6:20)
hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Smbn A√m-lp-hns‚ n¿tZiw k¿h {]hm-
N-I-∑m-scbpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm-m-Wv. Izp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p.
""nßƒ ]dbpI: A√mlphnepw, Ah¶¬ n∂v R-ß-ƒ°v
AhXcn∏n®p In´nbXnepw, C{_mloanpw C-kv-am-Cuenpw
CkvlmJnpw bAvJq_npw bAvJq_v k-¥-XnIƒ°pw
AhXcn∏n®v sImSpØXnepw, aqkm, Cukm F∂nh¿°v
¬Is∏´Xnepw, k¿Δ {]hmNI∑m¿°pw A-hcpsS
c£nXmhn¶¬ n∂v ¬-I-s∏-´-Xn-(ktμ-i-ß-fn)epw Rßƒ
hnizkn®ncn°p∂p. Ahcn¬ B¿°nSbnepw Rßƒ hnthNw
I¬]n°p∂n√. Rßƒ Ah∂v (A-√m-lphn∂v) Iogvs]´v
Pohn°p∂hcpamIp∂p.''(2:136)
B n¿tZiw kzoI-cn® kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {]Jym-]w
Izp¿-B≥ DW¿Øp-∂Xv ImWp-I.
""Xs‚ c£nXmhn¶¬ n∂v Xn°v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xn-¬
dkq¬ hnizkn®ncn°p∂p. (AXnsXpS¿∂v) k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-
I-fpw. Ahsc√mw A√mlphnepw, Ahs‚ a-e-°p-Ifnepw Ah-

s‚ thZ{KŸßfnepw, Ahs‚ Zq-X-≥-am-cn-epw hniz-kn-®ncn-°p-
∂p. Ahs‚ ZqX∑mcn¬ B-¿-°p-an-S-bn¬ Hcp hnthNhpw R-
ß-ƒ I¬]n°p∂n√. (F-∂-Xm-Wv AhcpsS ne]mSv.) Ah¿
]d-bpIbpw sNbvXp: R-ß-fn-Xm tIƒ°pIbpw Apk-cn°p-
I-bpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. R-ßfpsS mYm! RßtfmSv
s]mdpt°Wta. n-∂n-te-°m-Ip-∂p (RßfpsS) aS°w.'' (2:285)
A√mlp Ab® {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬ t]cpw Ncn-
{Xhpw hni-Z-am-°-s∏-´-hcpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-ap-≠v. hni-Zo-I-cWw
e`y-a-√m-Ø-h-sc-°p-dn®v samØ-Ønepw hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ e`y-am-
b-h-cpsS t]cpw hnh-c-W-ß-fp-a-S°w AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
""n°v apºv mw ]e ZqX∑mscbpw Ab®n´p≠v. A-h-cn-
¬ Nnesc∏‰n mw n°v hnhcn®pX∂n´p≠v. Ahcn¬ Nnesc-
∏-‰n n°v mw hnhcn®pX∂n´n√. bmsXmcp Zq-X-∂pw A√m-
lp-hns‚ ApaXntbmSv IqSnb√msX Hcp Zr-jv-Sm-¥w sIm≠p
hcm-mhn√. F∂m¬ A√mlphns‚ I-¬-]- h∂m¬ ym-b-
{]-Imcw hn[n°s∏Sp∂XmWv. A-k-Xy-hm-ZnIƒ AhnsS jvS-
Øn-emhpIbpw sNøpw.'' (40:78)
Ah-cn¬ G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS¿ A©p-t]-cm-Wv. Dep¬ A-kvav
(Zr-V-a--kvI¿) F∂mWv Ah¿ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. q-lv ,
C{_mlnw , aqkm , Cukm , apl-ΩZv F-∂n-h-cm-W-
h¿.
apl-ΩZv _n A¥y-{]-hm-N-I≥
A√mlp Ab® {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ A¥n-a-mWv apl-Ω-Zv
_n . {InkvXm_vZw 571¬ a°-bn¬ Pn® At±lw aZo--bn-
emWv A¥y-hn-{iaw sIm≈p-∂Xv. IrXy-amb Ncn-{X-Øns‚
shfn-®-Øn¬ Pohn® At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-Xhpw ktμ-ihpw
Ip‰a‰ coXn-bn¬ G‰hpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn C∂pw e`y-am-Wv.
C{Xbpw hy‡-amb Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-
Ibpw Pohn-X-Ønse clky kw`-h-ßƒ hsc C-{X-bpw IrXy-
ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX as‰mcp ap-jy-sbpw
ImWpI km[y-a-√. ImcWw At±lw temIm-h-kmw hsc-
bp≈ k¿h-cn-te-°p-ap≈ ssZh-Zq-X-m-Wv. k¿h ap-jy¿°p-

ap≈ [m¿an-I n¿tZ-i-ßfpw k∑m¿K hn-h-c-W-hp-amWv At±-
l-Øns‚ Pohn-Xw. At±-lsØ ]n-≥-]‰n Pohn-°-em-Wv tam£-
Øns‚ am¿Kw. A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:
""]dbpI: apjytc, Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ n-ß-fn-te-s°-√m-
ap≈ A√mlphns‚ ZqXmIp∂p.BImißfpsSbpw `qan-bp-
sS-bpw B[n]Xyw GsXmcph∂mtWm Ahs‚ (ZqX≥). A-h-
-√msX Hcp ssZhhpan√. Ah≥ Pohn-∏n-°p-Ibpw acn-∏n-°p-I-
bpw sNøp∂p. AXnm¬ nßƒ A-√m-lphnepw Ah-s‚ ZqX-
n-epw hnizkn°phn≥. AsX, A-√mlphnepw Ahs‚ hN--
ßfnepw hnizkn°p∂ A-£-cPvRman√mØ B {]hm-NI-
n-¬. At±lsØ n-ß-ƒ ]n≥]‰phn≥ nßƒ t¿am¿Kw
{]m]n°mw.'' (7:158)
""ns∂ mw apjy¿°mIamw kt¥mjhm¿Ø A-dn-bn-
°p-hmpw Xm°oXv ¬Iphmpw BbnsIm≠v X-s∂-bm-Wv
Ab®n´p≈Xv. ]s£, apjycn¬ A[nIt]cpw A-dn-bp∂n√.''
(34:28)
A√mlp Ab® {]hm-N-I-∑m¿s°m-s°bpw Ah-cpsS {]hm-
N-I-Xz-Øns‚ kXyX hy‡-am-°p∂ sXfn-hp-Ifpw ¬I-s∏-
´n-´p-≠v. GsXmcp {]hm-N-I-s‚bpw P-X°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-hm≥
am{Xw i‡hpw hy‡-hp-am-bn-cp∂p B ZrjvSm-¥-ß-sfm-s°-
bpw. A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-mb apl-ΩZv _n °pw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈
A-h[n ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ G‰hpw {][m-hpw
F°m-e-tØ-°p-ap≈ F√m-h-¿-°pw At±-l-Øns‚ {]hm-N-IXzw
Xncn-®-dn-bm-p-ap≈ D-Ø-a ZrjvSm-¥-hp-amWv hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥.
B hnip≤ {KŸw kXy-k-‘-ambn ]Thnt[-b-am-°p-∂
B¿°pw AXns‚ ssZhn-I-Xbpw apl-ΩZv _n bp-sS {]hm-
N-IXzhpw An-tj-[y-ambn t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. A-√mlp ]d-
bp-∂p.
""ΩpsS Zmkv mw AhXcn∏n®psImSpØXns (hn-ip-≤
Izp¿Bs) ]‰n nßƒ kwibmep°fmsW¶n¬ A--Xns‚Xv
t]m-ep≈ Hcp A[ymbsa¶nepw nßƒ sIm-≠p-hcnI.
A√mlp-hnv ]pdsa nßƒ°p≈ k-lm-bn-I-tf-bpw hnfn-®p-

sIm-≈pI. nßƒ kXyhm∑mcmsW¶n¬ (AXmWt√m th-
≠-Xv). nßƒ°Xv sNøm≥ Ign™n-s√-¶n-¬ nßƒ°Xv Hcn-
°-epw sNøm≥ IgnbpIbpan√. ap-jy-cpw I√pIfpw C‘--
am-bn IØn°s∏Sp∂ cImKvnsb nßƒ ImØp-kq£n-
®psIm≈pI. kXyntj[nI-ƒ-°p-th-≠n Hcp-°ns-h°-s∏-´-
XmIp∂p AXv.'' (2:23,24)
apl-ΩZv _n -tbmsS {]hm-NIirwJ-e Ah-km-n-®p. Cn-
sbmcp {]hm-N-I≥ hcn-I-bn-√. ""aplΩZv nßfpsS
]pcpj∑mcn¬ HcmfpsSbpw ]nXmhmbnń√. ]s£, A-t±-lw
A√mlphns‚ ZqXpw {]hmNI∑mcn¬ Ahkm--sØ
BfpamIp∂p. A√mlp GXv ImcysØ∏‰nbpw Adn-hp-
≈hmIp∂p.'' (33:40)
AXn-m¬ temIm-h-kmw hsc-bp≈ k¿h ap-jypw At±-
l-Øn¬ hniz-kn®v At±-l-Øn-eqsS temI-c-£n-Xmhv Ah-X-
cn-∏n® am¿K-n¿tZ-i-ßƒ ]n≥]-‰¬ n¿_-‘-am-Wv.
""C√, ns‚ c£nXmhnsØs∂bmW kXyw; Ah¿-°n-
Sbn¬ `n∂Xbp≠mb ImcyØn¬ Ah¿ ns∂ hn[n-I-¿-
Ømhm°pIbpw, o hn[nI¬]n®Xns∏‰n ]n∂oShcpsS
a pIfn¬ Hcp hnjahpw tXm∂mXncn°pIbpw, AXv
]q¿Wambn kΩXn®v Apkcn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xp hsc
Ah¿ hnizmknIfmhpIbn√.'' (4:65)
""A√mlphpw Ahs‚ dkqepw Hcp ImcyØn¬ Xocp-am-
saSpØv Ign™m¬ kXyhnizmknbmb Hcp ]pcp-j-∂m-Is´,
kv{Xo°mIs´ XßfpsS ImcysØ kw_‘n®v kz-X{¥amb
A`n{]mbw D≠mbncn°mhp∂X√. h√hpw A-√mlpshbpw
Ahs‚ ZqXsbpw [n°cn°p∂ ]£w A-h≥ hyIvXamb
nebn¬ hgn]ng®p t]mbncn°p∂p.'' (33:36)
apl-ΩZv _n -bpsS ntbm-K--Ønv tijw At±-l-Øn¬
hniz-kn-°m-Ø-h¿ Ip‰-°m-cm-sW∂pw ssZhnIktμ-i-Ønv
tsc ntj-[m-flI kao]w ssIs°m-≠-Xn-m¬ c-Im-h-
Im-in-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Ahn-Sp∂v ap∂-dn-bn∏v ¬In-bn-´p-≠v.
_n ]d™p: ""apl-Ω-Zns‚ Bflmhv BcpsS Iøn-emtWm

Ah≥ X-s∂-bmW kXyw! Cu kap-Zm-b-Ønse PqX-tm,
{InkvXym-ntbm Bcp-am-Is´ Fs∂-°p-dn®v tI´-tijw Rm≥
GsXm-∂p-ambn Ab-°-s∏-´pthm AXn¬ hniz-kn-°msX ac-W-
s∏-Sp-∂-]£w Xo¿®-bmbpw Abmƒ c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fn¬ s]´-
h-m-bn-cn°pw.'' (apkv-enw).
k¿h ∑-bn-te°pw hgn--S-Øp-∂, ]q¿h thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-ƒ
kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø-b-dn-bn® B A¥na {]hm-N-Is‚ am-¿Kn¿tZ-
i-ßƒ kzoI-cn®v tam£w ssIh-cn-°p-hm-mWv Izp¿-B≥ n¿tZ-
in-°p-∂-Xv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""(AXmbXv) XßfpsS ]°ep≈ XudmØnepw C≥-Po-en-
epw tcJs∏SpØs∏´Xmbn Ah¿°v Is≠Øm≥ Ignbp-∂
B A£cPvRman√mØ {]hmNImb ssZhZqXs (ap-l-
Ω-Zv-_nsb) ]n≥]‰p∂h¿°v (B ImcpWyw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-XmWv.) AhtcmSv At±lw kZmNmcw I¬-]n-°p-Ibpw, Zpcm-
Nm-cØn¬ n∂v Ahsc hne°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. √ hkvXp-
°-ƒ Ah¿°v AphZobam°pIbpw, NoØ hkvXp°ƒ
A-hcpsS ta¬ njn≤am°pIbpw sN-øp-∂p. AhcpsS `mc-
ß-fpw AhcpsS taep≠mbncp∂ hne-ßp-Ifpw At±lw Cd-
°n-sh°pIbpw sNøp∂p. At∏mƒ A-t±lØn¬ hnizkn-
°p-Ibpw At±lsØ ]n¥p-W-°p-I-bpw klmbn°pIbpw
At±-ltØmsSm∏w A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´n´p≈ B {]ImisØ
]n≥-]‰pIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm, Ah¿ Xs∂bmWv hnPbnIƒ.''
(7:157)
sΩ krjvSn®v ]cn-]m-en-°p∂ A√mlp Ahs‚ kXy-Zq--
X-∑msc Adn-bmpw ]n≥]-‰p-hmpw sΩ Ap-{K-ln-°s´!

A¥y-Zn--Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
ap-jy-c-S-°-ap≈ krjvSn-I-sf√mw in-°p∂ Hcp Znw
hcm-p-≠v. {kjvSm-h-√m-Ø-h-scm-s°bpw in-°p-∂-Xm-
Wv.
""Hcp Imebfhnp tijw CXnse hrØm¥w nß-
ƒ-°v a nemhpI Xs∂ sNøpw.'' (38:88)
""AhnsS (`qapJØv)bp≈ F√mhcpw in®v t]mIp-
∂-hcmIp∂p. alXzhpw DZmcXbpw D≈hmb ns‚
c£n-Xmhns‚ apJw Ahtijn°p∂XmWv.'' (55:26-,27)
]n∂oSv Ah-sc-sbms° ]p¿Po-hn-∏n®v Hcp-an®v Iq´p-
Ibpw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw I¿a-ßƒ°-p-k-cn®v hnNm-c-
Wbpw {]Xn-^-ehpw n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp∂ oXn-bpsS Hcp
thZn hcm-p-s≠∂pw Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ckv-em-anI
hnizmk Imcy-ß-fn¬ kp{]-[m--amb H∂m-Wn-Xv. Ahn-
sS-bmWv ap-jy-cpsS I¿a-ßƒ hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xv. ∑°v ∑bpw Xn∑-Iƒ°v in£bpw {]Xn-^-e-ambn
¬I-s∏-Sp∂ IrXy-amb oXn-bpsS temIw.
oXn-am-mb ]S® Xºp-cms‚ Af-h‰ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚
6
A[ymbw

`mK-amWv B temIw. ∑-˛-Xn-∑-Iƒ°v IrXy-amb {]Xn-^-ew
¬Ip-hmtm IW-°m-°p-hmtm t]mepw Cu ùXnI temIw
]e-t∏mgpw ]cym-]vX-a-√. qdp-t]sc sIm∂-bmƒ°pw Hcmsf
sIm∂-bmƒ°pw Hcn-°¬am{Xw h[-in£ hn[n-°p-hmt Cu
temIØv km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. sIm√-s∏-´-h-cpsS thZ--Itfm
hnIm-c-ßtfm AXns‚ ]cn-Wn-Xn-Itfm H∂pw ùXnI tImS-
Xn-Iƒs°m∂pw IrXy-ambn Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øm-m-hn-√. Hcp-]-s£,
sIm√-s∏-´-h-cn¬ ]ecpw ]e IpSpw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw AØm-Wn-
bm-bn-cn-°mw. Ah¿ sIme-sN-ø-s∏-´-Xn-eqsS IÆo-cn-emgv∂
F{Xtbm Bfp-I-fp-≠mhpw! AXp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-°ptam {Iqcpw
A{I-an-bp-amb B sIme-]m-X-In-bpsS h[-Øn-eqsS kw`-hn-°p-
∂Xv? A√. Hcn-°-ep-a-√.
A{]-Im-cw-Xs∂ qdp-I-W-°nv Bfp-Iƒ°v B{i-bhpw
klm-b-hp-ambn ne-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cpsS IjvS-X-Ifpw {]bm-
k-ßfpw C√m-Xm-°m≥ Bflm¿Y-ambn ]cn-{i-an-°p∂ Hcp
henb apjy kvtln, Xs‚ njvIma tkh--Øn-n-S-bn-¬
ac-W-s∏-´p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Abmƒ°v IrXy-amb {]Xn-êw -¬Im≥
ùXnItemIsØ GXv tImS-Xn°pw oXn-am-p-amWv km[n-
°pI? F∂n-cns° nc-]-cm-[n-Iƒ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A]-
cm-[n-Iƒ c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Cu ù-XnI temIØv oXn-
°mbn Hcp thgm-º-en-s-t]mse Zmln-°p∂ F{Xtbm Bfp-
I-fp-≠v. Ah¿s°m-s°bpw {]Xo-£-bpsS Inc-W-ßƒ sNmcn-
bp∂ IrXy-amb oXn-bpsS tem-I-amWv Ckvemw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂ ]c-tem-Iw. Ahn-SpsØ hnP-b-amWv A¥n-ahpw imiz-
X-hp-amb hnP-bw.
A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p. ""GsXmcp tZlhpw acWw Bkz-
Zn°p∂XmWv. nßfpsS {]Xnêßƒ Dbn-¿-sØ-gp-t∂-¬-]ns‚
mfn¬ am{Xta nßƒ°v ]q¿Wambn ¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibp≈q.
At∏mƒ B¿ cIØn¬ n∂v AI‰nn-¿-Ø-s∏-SpIbpw
kz¿KØn¬ {]thin∏n°s∏SpIbpw sN-øp-∂p-thm AhmWv
hnPbw tSp∂Xv.'' (3:185)
B Znh-k-Øns‚ ]q¿Wm-[n-Imcw oXn-am-mb A√m-lp-
hnv am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ahs‚ hn[n-bntem Xocp-am--ß-fntem

CS-s]-Sp-hm≥ Hcmƒ°pw km[n-°p-∂-X-√.
""{]-Xn-^-e ZnhkØns‚ DSaÿ≥.'' (1:4)
`uXnI temIØv F{X-Xs∂ D‰-hcpw DS-b-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂-
h¿ t]mepw n -lm-b-cmbn tm°n n¬°p-I-b-√msX
bmsXmcp ne-°p-ap-]-I-cn-°mØ temI-as{X AXv. A√mlp
]d-bp-∂p.
""Hcmƒ°pw as‰mcmƒ°v th≠n Hcp D]Imchpw sNøm≥
]‰mØ Hcp ZnhksØ nßƒ kq£n°pI. (A-∂v) Hcmfn¬
n∂pw Hcp ip]m¿ibpw kzoIcn°-s∏Sp-I-bn-√. Hcmfn¬n∂pw
Hcp {]mb›nØhpw taSn°s∏SpIbpan√. Ah¿°v Hcp
klmbhpw e`n°pIbpan√.'' (2:48)
""Hcmƒ°pw as‰mcmƒ°pth≠n Hcp D]Imchpw sN-øp-hm-
≥ ]‰mØ, Hcmfn¬ n∂pw Hcp {]mb›nØhpw kzo-
Icn°s∏SmØ, Hcmƒ°pw Hcp ip]m¿ibpw {]tbmP-
s∏SmØ, B¿°pw Hcp klmbhpw e`n°mØ Hcp Zn-h-
ksØ (ymbhn[nbpsS ZnhksØ) nßƒ kq-£n-°p-I-bpw
sNøpI.'' (2:123)
""apjytc, nßƒ nßfpsS c£nXmhns kq-£n-°p-I.
Hcp ]nXmhpw Xs‚ k¥mØnv {]tbmPw sNømØ, Hcp
k¥Xnbpw ]nXmhnv H´pw {]tbmPImcnbmhmØ Hcp
ZnhksØ nßƒ `bs∏SpIbpw sNøpI. Xo¿®bmbpw A√m-
lp-hns‚ hmKvZmw kXyamIp∂p. AXnm¬ sFlnIPohnXw
nßsf h©n®p IfbmXncn°s´. ]cah©Imb ]n-im-Npw
A√mlphns‚ ImcyØn¬ nßsf h©n®p If-bm-Xncn°s´.''
(31:33)
AhnsS Xcn-ºpw Ao-Xn-bp-≠m-hn√. ""nßƒ A√mlp-hn-
¶te°v aS°s∏Sp∂ Hcp ZnhksØ kq£n®p-sIm-≈p-I.
F∂n´v HmtcmcpØ¿°pw Ahch¿ {]h¿Øn®Xns‚ ^-ew
]q¿Wambn ¬Is∏Sp∂XmWv. AhtcmSv (H´pw) A-o-Xn
ImWn°s∏SpIbn√.'' (2:281)
hnhn[ t]cp-Iƒ

B Znh-k-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ ]e kwK-Xn-I-sfbpw Hm-¿-a-
s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hnhn[ t]cp-I-fn-eqsS Izp¿-B≥ B Znh-k-sØ
]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
1. A¥y-k-abw (A- mA:)
""Xo¿®bmbpw A¥ykabw hcpI Xs∂ sNøpw. A-Xn-m¬
o `wKnbmbn am∏v sNbvXv sImSp°pI.'' (15:85)
2. `b-¶c kw`hw (A¬ Jmcn-A)
a- n¬ òXn Db¿Øp∂ `b-¶c kw`-h-ßƒ A∂v -S-°p-
sa∂ kqN--bmWv Cu t]cn-ep-≈-Xv. ""`b¶camb B kw`hw.
`b¶camb kw`hw F∂m¬ F¥mIp∂p? `b¶-c-amb
kw`hsa∂m¬ F¥msW∂v n°dnbptam? a-p-jy-∑m¿
Nn∂n®nXdnb ]m‰sbt∏mse BIp∂ Znhkw! ]¿hXßƒ
IS™ Bń≥ tcmaw t]msebpw...'' (101:1-˛5)
3. Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns‚ Znhkw (bu-ap¬ _A-vYv)
F√m-hcpw ]p¿Po-hn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Znh-k-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv
C{]-Imcw ]d-b-s∏-´-Xv.
""apjytc, Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns ]‰n nßƒ kw-i-
bØnemsW¶n¬ (BtemNn®v tm°pI:)
Xo¿®bmbpw mamWv nßsf aÆn¬ n∂pw,]n∂oSv
_oPØn¬ n∂pw, ]n∂oSv {`qWØn¬ n∂pw, A¥cw cq]w
¬Is∏´Xpw cq]w ¬Is∏SmØXpamb amwk-]n-fi-Øn¬
n∂pw krjvSn®Xv.'' (22:5)
4. Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns‚ Znhkw (bu-ap¬ Jnbm-a)
""A√mlp˛Ah√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. Dbn¿-
sØgpt∂¬]ns‚ ZnhktØ°v Ah≥ nßsfsb√mw H-cp-
an®pIq´pI Xs∂ sNøpw. AXn¬ kwibta C√. A√m-lp-
sh-°mƒ kXyk‘ambn hnhcw ¬Ip∂h≥ Bcp-≠v?'' (4:87)
""Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns‚ mfn¬ kztZlßfpw X-ß-fpsS
kz¥°mcpw jvSs∏´hcmtcm, Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p
Xo¿®bmbpw jvS°m¿.'' (42:45)
5. ]pd-s∏-S-ens‚ Znhkw (bu-ap¬ Jpdq-Pv)

J_-dp-I-fn¬n∂v ]pd-Øp-h-cp∂ Znhkw F∂ A¿Y-Øn¬.
""AXmbXv B tLmci_vZw bYm¿Yambpw Ah¿ tIƒ-
°p-∂ Znhkw. AXs{X (J_vdpIfn¬ n∂p≈) ]pd∏mSn-s‚
Znhkw.'' (50:42)
""AXmbXv Ah¿ Hcp m´°pdnbpsS tsc [rXns∏´v
t]mIp∂Xv t]mse J_vdpIfn¬ n∂v ]pds∏´p t]mIp∂
Znhkw.'' (70:43)
6. Xo¿∏v I¬]n-°-ens‚ Znhkw (buap¬ ^kzv¬)
F√m-h-scbpw Hcp-an®v Iqń Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ X¿°-ßƒ
Xo¿Øv hn[n ]d-bp∂ Znh-k-am-W-Xv. ""Ah¿ `n∂X ]p-e-¿-
Ønbncp∂ hnjbßfn¬ ns‚ c£nXmhv Xs∂ Dbn-¿ s-Ø-
gpt∂¬]ns‚ mfn¬ Ah¿°nSbn¬ Xo¿∏pI¬]n°p-∂-XmWv;
Xo¿®.'' (32:25)
7. {]Xn-ê Znhkw (bu-ap-±o≥)
∑-˛-Xn-∑-Iƒ°v IrXy-amb {]Xn-êw ¬I-s∏-Sp∂ Zn-h-
k-am-Wv.
""Ah¿ ]dbpw: Atlm! Rßƒ°v IjvSw! CXv {]Xn-^-
eØns‚ ZnamWt√m!'' (37:20)
""{]Xnê ZnhkØns‚ DSaÿ≥.'' (1:4)
8. A¥y-Znw (bu-ap¬ BJn¿) AYhm A¥y-`-hw (Zm-
dp¬ BJn-d)
Ah-km--ambn ap-jy¿ FØn-t®-cp-∂-bn-S-sa∂ A¿Y-am-
WnXv Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv.
""`qanbn¬ Hu∂Xytam Ipg∏tam B{Kln°mØh¿-°m-Ip-
∂p B ]mc{XnI `hw mw G¿s]SpØnsImSp°p∂Xv.
A¥yêw kq£vaX ]men°p∂h¿°v ApIqeambn-cn-
°pw.''28:83)
""Cu sFlnIPohnXw hntmZhpw Ifnbpa√msX a-s‰m-
∂pa√. Xo¿®bmbpw ]ctemIw Xs∂bmWv bYm¿Y Pohn-Xw.
Ah¿ a nem°nbncps∂¶n¬!'' (29:64)

Cßs B Znh-k-Øns‚ `oI-c-Xbpw `bm--I-X-Ifpw hnhn-
[-ß-fmb Ah-ÿ-Ifpw hy‡-am-°p∂ thsdbpw ]e t]-cp-I-
fn-eqsS B Znh-ksØ Izp¿-B≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Ahn-
izmknIƒ°v A∂p-≠m-Ip∂ sImSpw tJZw, k-Xy-hn-izm-khpw
k∑m¿Khpw kzoI-cn-°m-Ø-Øn-eqsS h-∂p-tN¿∂ jvSw
F∂nh shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Znhkw F∂n-ß-sf-bp≈ hnh-c-W-ßƒ
AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ NneXv am{X-am-Wv.
`bm--I-X-Iƒ, `oI-c-X-Iƒ
temIamk-Iew H∂n®v _m[n-°p∂ hen-sbmcp hn]-Øm-
bn-cn°pw A¥ykabw AYhm temIm-h-km-w. A∂v kw`-hn-
°m-n-cn-°p∂ ]e `bm-I kw`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Izp¿-B≥
DW¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. s]mSp-∂-s-bp≈ Hcp Zpc-¥-am-bn-cn°pw AXv.
HmSn c£-s∏-Sm≥ km[n-°mØ hn[w F-√m-h-scbpw AXv
_m[n-°pw.
""ImlfØn¬ DuXs∏Spw. At∏mƒ BImißfnep-≈-h-
cpw `qanbnep≈hcpw Nea‰hcmbnØocpw; A√mlp
Dt±in®hscmgnsI. ]n∂oSv AXn¬ (ImlfØn¬) a-s‰m-cn-°-
¬ DuXs∏Spw. At∏mgXm Ah¿ Fgpt∂‰v tm°p∂p.'' (39:68)
""Hscm‰ tLmci_vZw am{XamWv Ah¿ ImØncn-°p∂Xv.
A-h¿ Atymyw X¿°n®v sIm≠ncns° AXhsc ]n-Sn-IqSpw.
At∏mƒ bmsXmcp hkznøØpw ¬Im≥ Ah¿°v km-
[n°pIbn√. Ah¿°v AhcpsS IpSpw_Ønte°v a-S-ßm-pw
BIpIbn√.'' (36:49-˛50)
arK-ßƒ°v sh≈w sImSp-°m-sm-cp-ßp∂ Bƒ AXv
]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xnv aptº t_m[-a‰v hogp-sa∂pw hkv{Xw
hn¬°p-∂-bmƒ hmßp-∂-bmƒ AXv nh¿Øn-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-
n-S°v AXv kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂p-sams° _n {]kvXm-hn® lZo-
Yp-Iƒ ImWmw. ape-bq-´p∂ amXm-°-fpsS `b-hn-lz-e-X-Ifpw K¿`n-
Wn-Iƒ Ah-c-dn-bmsX {]k-hn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-sams° Izp¿-B≥
Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v.
""Xo¿®bmbpw B A¥ykabsØ {]Iºw `b-¶-c-am-b
Hcp Imcyw Xs∂bmIp∂p. nßƒ AXv ImWp∂ Znhkw

GsXmcp apesImSp°p∂ amXmhpw Xm≥ ape-bq-´p∂
Ip™ns∏‰n A{i≤bnembnt∏mIpw. K¿`hXnbmb GsXmcp
kv{Xobpw Xs‚ K¿`Ønep≈Xv {]khn®p t]m-Ip-Ibpw
sNøpw.'' (22:1,2)
`qan AXn-i-‡-ambn {]I-ºw sIm≈pw. £-{X-ßƒ D-
Xn¿∂p-ho-gpw. kqcypw N{μpw Iqń-ap-´pw. kap-{Z-ßƒ Ic-I-
hn-s™m-gp-Ipw. ap-jy¿ Poh-‰ Cubmw-]m-‰-I-sf-t]m-se-bm-
Ipw. F¥p-am{Xw `bm--I-am-bn-cn°pw B cwKw! sNdn-sbmcp
`qI-ºtam kpm-antbm _m[n-°p-tºm-tg°v B {]tZ-isØ
òI-cX man∂v ImWp-∂p. F∂m¬ k¿h-Xn-s‚bpw miw
Ipdn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ B almkw`hw B¿°mWv AXn-P-bn°m≥
km[n-°pI? A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""F∂m¬ nßƒ Ahnizkn°pIbmsW¶n¬, IpńIsf
c®hcm°nØo¿°p∂ Hcp ZnhksØ nßƒ°v Fß-s
kq£n°mmhpw? AXp nanØw BImiw s]mń-∏n-f-cp-
∂XmWv. A√mlphns‚ hmKvZmw {]mh¿-ØnIam°-s∏-Sp-
∂XmIp∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw CsXmcp D¬t_m[amIp∂p. A-
Xnm¬ h√hpw Dt±in°p∂ ]£w Ah≥ Xs‚ c-£n-
Xmhn¶te°v Hcp am¿Kw kzoIcn®p sIm≈s´.'' (73-:17-˛19)
D‰-h-scbpw DS-b-h-scbpw Dt]-£n®v Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw A∂v
st´m-´-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. ""F∂m¬ sNInSS∏n°p∂ B i-_vZw
h-∂m¬. AXmbXv apjy≥ Xs‚ ktlmZcs hn´v Hm-Sn-t∏m-
Ip-∂ Znhkw. Xs‚ amXmhnsbpw ]nXmhnsbpw. Xs‚ `mcy-
sb-bpw a°sfbpw. Ahcn¬s∏´ Hmtcm ap-jy-pw Xn°v a-
Xn-bmhp∂{X (Nn¥m)hnjbw A∂v D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.'' (80:33-˛37)
B Znh-ksØ kw`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Izp¿-B≥ ho≠pw Hm-
¿an-∏n-°p-∂p.
""BImiw s]mń ]nfcptºmƒ.£{Xßƒ sImgn™p
hogptºmƒ. kap{Zßƒ s]mń HgpIptºmƒ. J_vdpIƒ C-
f°nadn°s∏Sptºmƒ Hmtcm hyIvXnbpw Xm≥ ap≥Iqń sNbvXp
sh®Xpw ]nt∂m´v am‰nsh®Xpw F¥msW∂v Adn-bp∂XmWv.''

(82:1˛5)
Izp¿-B-ns‚ Ah-km `mKsØ sNdnb A[ym-b-ß-fn¬
apJy-ambn CØcw kwK-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hyXykvX hnh-c-
W-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]pw hnNm-c-Wbpw
k¿hXpw in®v AtXmsS F√mw Xo¿∂p F∂√ Izp¿-
B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AtXmsS icn-bmb imizX Pohn-X-Øn-
s‚ XpS°w Ipdn-°p-I-bm-Wv. acn®v InS-∂-h¿ F√m-hcpw A√m-
lp-hns‚ DØ-c-h--pk-cn®v Poh-tmsS Fgp-t∂-‰p hcp-∂-Xm-
Wv.
""ImlfØn¬ DuXs∏Spw. At∏mƒ Ah¿ J_vdpIfn¬
n∂v AhcpsS c£nXmhn¶te°v IpXn®v sN√pw. Ah¿ ]-d-
bpw: ΩpsS mita! ΩpsS Dd°Øn¬ n∂v sΩ Fgp-
t∂-¬]n®XmcmWv? CXv ]caImcpWnI≥ hmKvZmw sNbv-X-
XmWt√m. ssZhZqX∑m¿ kXyw Xs∂bmWv ]-d-™-Xv. AXv
Hscm‰ tLmci_vZw am{Xambncn°pw. At∏m-gXm Ah¿
H∂S¶w ΩpsS ASp°¬ lmPcm°s∏Sp∂p.'' (36:51-˛53)
""ZrjvSnIƒ Xmgv∂p t]mbhcmb nebn¬ J_vdpIfn¬
n∂v (mep]mSpw) ]c∂ sh´pInfnIsft∂mWw Ah¿
]pds∏´v hcpw. hnfn°p∂hs‚ ASptØ°v Ah¿ [rXns∏´v
sN√p∂hcmbncn°pw. kXyntj[nIƒ (A∂v)]dbpw: C-
sXmcp {]bmkIcamb ZnhkamIp∂p.'' (54:7˛8)
""AXmbXv Ah¿ Hcp m´°pdnbpsS tsc [rXns∏´v
t]mIp∂Xv t]mse J_vdpIfn¬ n∂v ]pds∏´p t]mIp∂
Znhkw. AhcpsS IÆpIƒ Iogvt]m´v XmWncn°pw. A]-amw
Ahsc BhcWw sNbvXncn°pw. AXmWv Ah¿°v Xm°oXv
¬Is∏´ncp∂ Znhkw.'' (70:43-˛44)
k¿h ap-jycpw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp∂ B Znhkw oXn-am-mb
A√mlp krjvSn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ oXn-]q¿h--Iambn Xo¿]v I¬]n-
°pw. ssZhnI n¿tZ--i-ßƒ ]men®v μn-bp-≈-h-cmbn Pohn®
Ahs‚ Zmk-∑m¿°v Af-h‰ {]Xn-^-e-ßfpw B-μ-Øns‚bpw
BÀm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Ap-Kr-loX temI-amb kz¿Khpw [n°m-

cn°pw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fp-amb μn-sI´ ap-jy¿°v ITn--amb
in£bpw c-Ihpw {]Xn-^-e-ambn ¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. F{X henb
[n°m-cnbpw A∂v ]©-]p-O-a-S°n hnNm-c-Wsb tcn-Sp∂
cwKw Izp¿-B≥ DW¿Øp-∂Xv ImWp-I.
""`qan Cu `qanb√mØ as‰m∂mbpw, AXv t]mse B-Im-
ißfpw am‰s∏SpIbpw GIpw k¿hm[nImcnbpamb
A√mlphn¶te°v Ahsc√mw ]pds∏´v hcpIbpw sNøp∂
Znhkw. B Znhkw Ip‰hmfnIsf NßeIfn¬ Atymyw
tN¿Øv _‘n°s∏´Xmbn´v n°v ImWmw. AhcpsS Ip-∏m-
bßƒ IdpØ Ioev (Sm¿) sIm≠p≈Xmbncn°pw. Ahcp-sS
apJßsf Xo s]mXnbp∂XpamWv. Hmtcm hyIvXn°pw Xm-≥
kºmZn®p≠m°nbXnp≈ {]Xnêw A√mlp ¬-Iphm≥
th≠nbs{X AXv.'' (14:48-˛52)
""Ah¿ shfn°p hcp∂ Znhkas{X AXv. Ahsc kw_-
‘n-®v bmsXmcp Imcyhpw A√mlphn∂v tKm]yambn-cn°p-I-
bn-√. Cu Znhkw B¿°mWv cmPm[nImcw? GIpw k-¿-hm-
[n]Xnbpamb A√mlphnv. Cu Znhkw Hmtcm hy-IvXn-°pw
Xm≥ kºmZn®Xnp≈ {]Xnêw ¬-I-s∏-Spw.'' (40:16-˛17)
kpIr-X-hm-∑m¿°pw Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°pw AhnsS tcn-Sm-n-cn-
°p∂ Ah-ÿm-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Izp¿-B≥ ]e-bn-S-ß-fn-
embn hni-Z-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
""Xo¿®bmbpw kz¿KhmknIƒ A∂v Hmtcm tPm-en-bn-em-
bns°m≠v kpJap`hn°p∂hcmbncn°pw. Ahcpw A-hcpsS
CWIfpw XWepIfn¬ AewIrXamb IńepIfn¬
Nmcnbncn°p∂hcmbncn°pw. Ah¿°hnsS ]gh¿Kßfp≠v,
Ah¿°v Xßƒ Bhiys∏Sp∂X√map≠v. kam[mw! A-Xm-
bncn°pw IcpWmn[nbmb c£nXmhn¶¬ n∂v A-h¿°p≈
A`nhmZyw.'' (36:55˛58)
]c-temIw bmYm¿Yy-tam?
ac-W-tijw Cß-s-sbmcp hnNm-c-Whpw {]Xn-^-e-hp-sam-
s°-bp≈ oXn-bpsS temIw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ √-Xp-Xs∂
F∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cmWv ap-jy-cn¬ A[n-I-t]-cpw. oXnbpw

∑bpw B{K-ln-°p∂ a- n-s‚ tX´-am-W-Xv. ]s£, Aß-
s-sbm-∂n√t√m F∂v ncm-i-tbmsS ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-cmWv
ap-jy-cn¬ Nne¿. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ A-ß-s-sbmcp ]mc-
{XnItemI-apt≠m? AXv ImWp-Ibpw Ap-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
Bsc-¶n-ep-apt≠m? Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]pw hnNm-c-Wbpw c-
Ihpw kz¿Khp-sams° bmYm-¿Yy-amtWm? acn®v aÆpw Aÿn-
i-I-e-ß-fp-ambn Xo¿∂ a-p-jy≥ Fßs ho≠pw Pohn°pw?
F∂n-XymZn nc-h[n kwi-b-ßfpw Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ßfpw ]e-
scbpw Ae-´m-dp-≠v.
hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥ ]c-tem-I-Øns‚ kw`-hy-Xbpw kXy-Xbpw
hnhn[ cq]-Øn¬ Xd-∏n-®p-]-d-bp-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p-≠v. Ah a- n-cpØn hmbn®v ]T--hn-t[-b-am-°p∂ B¿°pw
]c-temIw kXy-amWv, anYy-b√ F∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""apjy≥ I≠nt√; Ahs mw Hcp _oPIWØn¬ n-
∂m-Wv krjvSn®ncn°p∂sX∂v? F∂n´v AhXm Hcp {]Xy-
£-am-b FXn¿∏pImcmbncn°p∂p. Ah≥ ap°v Hcp D]a
FSp-Øp-ImWn°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Xs∂ krjvSn®Xv
Ah≥ ad-∂pIfbpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah≥ ]d™p: F√pIƒ
{Zhn®v t]m-bncns° BcmWv Ahbv°v Poh≥ ¬Ip∂Xv?
]dbpI: BZy-XhW Ahsb D-≠m-°n-bhmtcm Ah≥ Xs∂
Ahbv°v Po-h≥ -¬-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah≥ F√mXcw
krjvSn∏ns∏‰nbpw Adn-hp≈-h--s{X. ]®acØn¬ n∂v
nßƒ°v Xo D≠m°n-Ø-∂-hs{X Ah≥ Aßs nßfXm
AXn¬ n∂v IØn-s®--Sp°p∂p. BImißfpw `qanbpw
krjvSn®h≥ Ah-sc-t∏m-ep≈hsc krjvSn°m≥
Ignhp≈ht√? AsX, A-hs{X k-¿-Δhpw
krjvSn°p∂hpw F√mw Adn-bp-∂-h-pw. Xm≥ Hcp Imcyw
Dt±in®m¬ AXntmSv D≠mIq F∂v ]-dbpI am{X-am-Ip-∂p
Ahs‚ Imcyw. At∏mgXm AXp-≠mIp∂p. apgph≥ Im-cy-ß-
fpsSbpw B[n]Xyw BcpsS IønemtWm, nßƒ aS-°-
s∏Sp∂Xv BcpsS ASp-tØ-°m-tWm Ah≥ F{X ]-cn-ip-≤≥!''
(36:77-˛83)

""apjy≥ hnNmcn°p∂pt≠m; mw Ahs‚ F√pIsf H-
cpan®pIq´pIbns√∂v? AsX, mw Ahs‚ hnc¬-Øp-ºp-Isf
t]mepw icns∏SpØm≥ Ignhp≈hmbncns°.'' (75:3˛4)
Ip‰-a‰ icoc LS--tbm-Sp-IqSn ap-jys krjvSn® A-√m-
lp, ap-jyv th≠-sX√mw ChnsS kwhn-[m-n® ]-c-a-Im-cp-
Wn-I≥, apjyPohn-X-Ønv bmsXmcp A¿Yhpw e-£y-hpw
I¬]n-®n-´n√m F∂ nK-aw F¥p-am{Xw t`mj-Ø--c-a√! Aß-
s-h-cp-tºmƒ Cu Pohn-X-Øn-s¥v {]-k-‡n? ∑°pw kZm-
Nm-c-Ønpw F¥v hne? kpIrXw sNbv-X-hcpw A]-cm-[n-Ifpw
Xpey-cm-sWt∂m? GXv bp‡nbpw oXn-bp-amWv CXns ymbo-
I-cn-°pI? ∑°v ∑bpw Xn-∑°v in£bpw In´-W-sa-∂-Xs√
oXnbpw ax-km-£nbpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {kjvSm-hmb A√m-
lphpw kXy-k-‘-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw ap-jy-_p-≤nbpw a-
xkm-£nbpw km-£y-s∏-Sp-Ønb Cu hkvXp-Xsb ntj-[n-°m≥
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ F¥mWv ymb-ap-≈Xv?
A√mlp tNmZn-°p-∂p: ""At∏mƒ mw nßsf hrYm krjvSn-
®-XmsW∂pw, -ΩpsS ASp°te°v nßƒ aS°-s∏-SpI-
bns√∂pw nßƒ IW-°m-°n-bncn°pIbmtWm? F∂m¬ bYm-
--¿-Y cmPmhmb A-√m-lp D∂Xmbncn°p∂p. Ah√msX
bmsXmcp ssZ-h-hp-an-√. alØmb knwlmkØns‚
mYs{X A-h-≥.-''(23:115-˛116)
AXn-p≈ adp-]-Snbpw Nn¥m-ti-jn-bp≈ ap-jy-tcm-Sm-bn
Izp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.
""apjy≥ hnNmcn°p∂pthm; Ah≥ shdpsX hn-t´-
°s∏Spsa∂v! Ah≥ {khn°s∏Sp∂ ip¢Øn¬ n∂p≈ Hcp
IWambncp∂nt√? ]ns∂ Ah≥ Hcp {`qWambn. F∂n´v
A√mlp (Ahs) krjvSn®p kwhn[mn®p. Aßs A-Xn¬
n∂v BWpw s]ÆpamIp∂ c≠p CWIsf Ah≥ D-≠m°n.
Aßsbp≈h≥ acn®hsc Pohn∏n°m≥ I-gn-hp-≈hs√?''
(75:36-˛40)
G‰hpw kXy-k-‘-cm-b-h-cpsS km£ysØ ncm-I-cn-°m-≥
am{X-ap≈ GXv km£y-amWv ntj-[n-Iƒ°p-≈Xv?

""A√mlp˛ Ah√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. Dbn¿-sØ-
gpt∂¬]ns‚ ZnhktØ°v Ah≥ nßsfsb√mw H-cp-
an®pIq´pI Xs∂ sNøpw. AXn¬ kwibta C√.'' (4:87)
""tNmZn°pI: BImißfnepw `qanbnepap≈sX√mw B-cp-
sSXmIp∂p? ]dbpI: A√mlphns‚Xs{X. Ah≥ Imcp-Wy-
sØ kz¥w t]cn¬ (_m[yXbmbn) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p.
Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns‚ mfnte°v nßsf A-h≥
Hcpan®pIq´pI Xs∂ sNøpw. AXn¬ bmsXmcp kw-ibhpan√.
F∂m¬ kztZlßsfØs∂ jvSØn-em-°n-bhcs{X Ah¿.
AXnm¬ Ah¿ hnizkn°pIbn√.'' (6:12)
ntj-[-Øns‚ ]n∂nse [n°m-chpw Ao-Xnbpw Izp¿-B-≥
Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂p.
""BImißfpw `qanbpw krjvSn® A√mlp Chsct∏m-se-
bp≈hscbpw krjvSn°m≥ iIvXmWv F∂v Ch¿ a--
nem°nbn´nt√? Ch¿°v Ah≥ Hcp Ah[n n›bn-®n-´p≠v.
AXn¬ kwibta C√. F∂m¬ μ-ntISv ImWn-°m-√msX
Cu A{IanIƒ°v a v h∂n√.''(17:99)
]c-tem-I-Øns‚ kw`-hy-X-bn¬ ktμ-ln-°p-∂-h-tcmSv Izp-¿-
B≥ kXy-k-‘-ambn Nn¥n-°p-hm-mWv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv; Xß-
fpsS Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®pw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ {]-IrXn bmYm¿Yy-
ß-sf-°p-dn®pw. F∂n´v ntj-[-sa∂ A-‘-hn-izmkw Isøm-gn-
°m-p-amWv Ckvemw Blzmw sN-øp-∂-Xv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p.
""apjytc, Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns ]‰n nßƒ kwib-
Øn-emsW¶n¬ (BtemNn®v tm°pI) Xo¿®bm-bpw mamWv
nß-sf aÆn¬ n∂pw, ]n∂oSv _oPØn¬ n-∂pw, ]n∂oSv
{`qW-Øn¬ n∂pw, A¥cw cq]w ¬I-s∏-´Xpw cq]w ¬I-
s∏Sm-ØXpamb amwk]nﬁØn¬ n∂pw krjvSn®Xv. mw
nßƒ°v Imcyßƒ hniZ-am-°n-Øcm≥ th≠n (]dbpI-bm-
Ip∂p) mw Dt±in°p∂Xns n-›nXamb Hcp Ah[nhsc
mw K¿`mibßfn¬ Xmakn∏n°p∂p. ]n∂oSv nßsf mw
inip-°fmbn ]pdØv sIm≠p hcp∂p. A¥cw nßƒ nß-
fp-sS ]q¿W iIvXn {]m]n°p∂Xp hsc (mw nßsf hf¿-

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